Bourbons in Spain (18th century)

3. • The last king of the House of
Austria, Charles II, died
childless.
• Shortly before his death, he
appointed his great-nephew,
the French prince Philip of
Bourbon, duke of Anjou, as
heir.
• End of the House of Austria,
a new dynasty, the Bourbons
are going to rule Spain.
Charles II

4. Europe before the War of Succession

5. • Some of the great European powers, such as Great
Britain, Netherlands, Portugan and the Austrian Empire,
were opposed to Philip V, since it meant a strenghtening
of the Bourbons in Europe. Too much power for France.
• So they declared war on France and Spain.
• They offered Charles of Austria as a candidate to take
the throne.
FELIPE V CARLOS DE AUSTRIA

9. • Rights to the throne of Spain for both candidates:
CANDIDATO
FRANCÉS
CANDIDATO
AUSTRÍACO

10. • The War of Succession was an European and Civil war.

11. • Castile supported Philip V.
• But the territories of the Crown of Aragón supported Carlos of
Austria, as they feared that the Bourbon centralist monarchy will
remove their “fueros”.

13. Philip V in the battle of Villaviciosa

14. • The war finished with Philip V’s victory. Thanks to some
victories in the battles of Almansa, Brihuega and
Villaviciosa. But, above all, because the Archiduke
Charles inherited the Crown of Austria in 1713 and the
European powers (England, Holland or Portugal) didn’t
want Austria and the Habsburgs to get so much power
and territories and they stopped supporting him.
• The War finished with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.

15. • The Treaty of Utrecht’s conditions:
– Philip V would be recognised as King of Spain by the
rest of European countries, but he would renounce to
all his rights to France.
– The European territories that belonged to the Spanish
monarchy (Países Bajos españoles – actuales
Bélgica y Luxemburgo- y los territorios italianos –
Nápoles, Sicilia, Cerdeña y Milán) would be for
Austria.
– England got Gibraltar (to date), Menorca and “el
navío de permiso” (right to trade with the Spanish
Indias) and the asiento de negros (right to trade with
slaves in the Spanish Indias).

17. • The Treaty of Utrecht meant
the beginning of the British
supremacy in the world.
• Catalonya resisted the troops
of Philip V, until they
occupied Barcelona in 1714.
Philip V

18. LA GUERRA DE SUCESIÓN (1701-1714)
A PARTIR DE ESTE MOMENTO, ESPAÑA PIERDE
TODOS SUS TERRITORIOS EUROPEOS. SE QUEDA,
ÚNICAMENTE CON LOS TERRITORIOS AMERICANOS
Y FILIPINAS.
HABÍAMOS PERDIDO GRAN PARTE DE
NUESTRO IMPERIO, PERO NOS HABÍAMOS TAMBIÉN
LIBRADO DE PARTE DE MUCHOS QUEBRADEROS
DE CABEZA Y FUENTE DE NUMEROSOS GASTOS.

20. SPANISH BOURBONS IN THE 18th CENTURY.

21. BOURBON ABSOLUTISM
• The first Spanish
Bourbons (Philip V and
Ferdinand VI) were
inspired by the French
model of centralised
absolutism.
• They made important
changes in the Spanish
State structure.

22. CENTRALISED ABSOLUTISM
• All the power will reside in
the king, who will be
asisted by secretaries
(ministers) directly
appointed by the king.
• The various Cortes
throughout Spain were
merged into one for the
entire kingdom.

23. BOURBON REFORMS
• Changes in the State structure. Centralist model.
– Decretos de Nueva Planta / The Nueva Planta
Decrees (1707 Aragón and Valencia, 1715 Mallorca,
1716 Cataluña).
Through these laws, the whole state was unified and the
privileges of the Crown of Aragón were abolished.
The fueros of the Basque provinces and Navarra were
maintained as they supported Philip V during the War of
Succession.

24. NEW MODEL OF TERRITORIAL
ADMINISTRATION
– Spain was divided into provinces.
– In charge of each province, there would be a captain
general, with administrative and militar power.
– In each province, Reales Audiencias were created.
– They also created a new position: Intendentes,
officials in charge of economic matters (collect taxes).
– In the Town Halls (Ayuntamientos), they maintained
the position of Corregidor to govern villages.

26. NEW MODEL OF CENTRAL
ADMINISTRATION
– They implanted the model of centralized absolutism.
– Councils (Consejos) were held, especially that of
Castile, but their role was purely advisory.
– The Cortes disappeared, except for the Cortes of
Castile, but without legislative work, only advising the
king.
– Secretaries of Office – Secretarías de Despacho
(State, War, Navy, Treasury, Justice and Indian and
foreign affairs), history of ministries, were created.

28. PHILIP V’S REIGN
• Philip V had to face a ruinous economic and financial
situation.
• He established new taxes trying to make the taxes more
equitable.
• He encouraged the state intervention in the economy,
promoting agriculture and creating the so-called real
manufacturing (Manufacturas Reales).
• At the end of his reign the estate's income had increased
and the economy had substantially improved.

30. • Felipe V fomented the artistic and cultural development.
He ordered the construction of the Royal Palace of La
Granja de San Ildefonso.

31. • His other great artistic project was the Palacio Real de
Madrid.

32. • Philip V also founded the Real Academia de la Lengua
and the Real Academia de la Historia, according to the
French model.

33. BOURBON DYNASTIC LAWS
• Philip V also adopted in Spain the Frenc dynastic laws.
In 1713 he approved the “Ley Sálica”, according to that
Law, women couldn’t reign.

34. PHILIP V’S FOREIGN POLICY
• Philip V’s foreign policy had the following
objectives:
Get Gibraltar y Menorca back.
Establish Bourbon princes in the lost Italian
territories.

35. PHILIP V’S FOREIGN POLICY
• Spanish foreign policy were based on alliances with
France, three Pactos de Familia, and the
confrontation against England.

36. PHILIP V’S FOREIGN POLICY
• During Philip V’s reign they signed two out of the three Pactos de
Familia.
• The Pactos de Familia were alliances with France to fight foreign
enemies.
Who attacks one Crown, attacks the other one.
Each Crown will look as their own the interests of the other
Crown, her ally.

37. PHILIP V’S FOREIGN POLICY
• First Pacto de Familia was signed in 1733. Due to it, we had to help
France in the War of Succession of Poland. In exchange we get
Nápoles and Sicilia back. Prince Carlos (future Carlos III – Philip V’s
third son) will govern there.
• El segundo Pacto de Familia se firmó en 1743 y por él en la Guerra de
Sucesión de Austria, a cambio obtuvimos el ducado de Parma, que va
a ser gobernado por otro hijo de Felipe V, Felipe

38. PHILIP V’S FOREIGN POLICY
• Second Pacto de Familia was signed in 1743 and we had to help
France in the War of Succession of Austria. In exchange, we got the
Duchy of Parma. It was going to be governed by Felipe, another Philip
V’s son.

39. FELIPE V
• Matrimonios:
1. María Luisa Gabriela de Saboya, con quien tuvo a:
– Luis I
– Fernando VI
1. Isabel de Farnesio, con quien tuvo a:
– Carlos III
– Felipe, duque de Parma

40. BORBONES ESPAÑOLES DEL SIGLO XVIII

41. REINADO DE FELIPE V
• In 1724 En 1724 Felipe gave the throne to his son Louis
I, but he died that same year. At his death, Philip V
again assumed power until 1746, the year he died.
• When Philip V died, his son Fernando VI will be the new
king of Spain.