1. The document provides information on various aspects of language including vowels, synonyms and antonyms, word roots, prefixes and suffixes, idioms, phrases, and skimming and scanning techniques. 2. It defines prefixes as groups of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning and suffixes as letters added to the end of a word to form new words. 3. Examples of idioms given include "in the pink of" meaning extremely healthy, and definitions include that idioms are expressions with meanings different from the individual words.