Soldering is a process that joins two or more metal items together by melting and flowing a filler metal with a low melting point into the joint. It is commonly used to form permanent electrical connections between electronic components. Safety precautions when soldering include using a temperature-controlled soldering iron, working in a well-ventilated area, and avoiding touching the hot iron tip. Flux is also used to remove oxides and allow the solder to flow smoothly. Proper planning and component orientation are important for successful soldering.

1. Soldering Process

5. What is Soldering ?
• Soldering is a process in which
two or more metal items are joined
together by melting and then
flowing a filler metal into the joint
the filler metal having a relatively
low melting point.

7. Safety Precautions

8. • A soldering iron can heat to around
400°C, which can burn you or start
a fire, so use it carefully.

9. • Unplug the iron when it is not in
use.

10. Conventional Soldering Iron
• This kind of soldering iron has no
thermostat, so it's always on and
also why it can't heat up things
very well.

11. Temperature Controlled
Soldering Iron
• A temperature-controlled iron has
a thermostat which switches off the
heater when the selected
temperature is reached.

12. • Take great care to avoid touching
the tip of the soldering iron on a
power line. If a power cord is
touched by a hot iron, there is a
serious risk of burns and electric
shock.

13. • Always return the soldering iron to its
stand when it is not in use.
• Never put the soldering iron down on
your work bench, even for a moment.

14. • Work in a well-ventilated area.
• The smoke that will form as you
melt solder is mostly from the flux
and can be quite irritating.

15. Importance of Soldering
• It is used to form a permanent
connection between electronic
components.

16. • To make sure that the components
can last for more than few days.
• It prevents oxidation of the joint
components for the long period of
time.

17. Soldering Iron
• A soldering iron is used to heat
the connections to be soldered.
• For electronic circuits, you should
use a 25- to 40-watt (W)
soldering iron.

18. Rosin core solder
• Solder has a lower melting point
than the metals that are being
connected to.
• The solder melts when it is heated
by the soldering iron, but the
metals being joined will not melt

19. • The rosin core acts as a flux. It
prevents oxidation of the metals
that are being connected, and
enhances the ability of the solder to
"wet" the surfaces that are being
joined.

20. What is Flux?
• Flux is used in soldering to remove
oxides from the contacts of the
parts to be soldered together.
Fluxes can be made from
hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride or
rosin.

21. What is Oxides?
•It is the loss of electrons. It
happens when an atom or
compound loses one or more
electrons.

22. • An alloy of 60/40 (60% tin, 40% lead)
is used for most electronics work, but
lead-free solders are available as
well.

23. Lead as a Hazardous Metal
• This is even true for tiny amounts,
no safe levels of lead for children
have been identified.
• In children, affected areas include
the nervous system and this results
in in learning and behavior
problems; seizures, coma, and
death may also result.

24. Causes of Lead

25. Soldering Iron Stand
• There are a variety of stands
available. It is important to always
keep the hot iron in its stand when
not in use.

26. Sponge or Rag
• The wet sponge or rag is used to
clean the tip of the iron.

27. Desoldering Pump
• Known as a solder sucker, is a
manually-operated device which is
used to remove solder from
a printed circuit board

28. Prototype Board
• A prototype board is used to
assemble the circuit.
• Prototype boards have copper
tracks or pads for connecting
components.

29. Steel wool or Sandpaper
• This is used to clean connections
prior to soldering.
• Solder will not flow over a dirty
connection.

30. Crocodile Clips
• is a simple mechanical device for
creating a temporary electrical
connection, and is named for its
resemblance to an alligator's
or crocodile's jaws. These can be
used as heat sinks, if needed.

31. Electronic Components

33. Tips for Successful Soldering

34. • Plan before you start to solder. Identify
all the parts that you will be using.

35. • Some components, such as LED's,
must be placed the correct way
around in order to function.

36. • Integrated circuit (IC) holders (note
the orientation). The IC will be
added later.
• Resistors
• Capacitors, less than 1 micro farad
• Large capacitors, 1 micro farad or
greater, note the orientation.

37. • Diodes, note the orientation.
• LED's, note the orientation.
• Transistors, note the orientation.
• Solid wire connections between
components on the board