The document discusses solar photovoltaic systems, explaining the basic concepts of solar energy, the functioning of photovoltaic cells, and the advantages and disadvantages of solar power. It highlights India's position in the global solar market and its growing capacity in solar panel manufacturing. Key applications and the challenges of cost and efficiency are also noted.

1. SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC
SYSTEMS
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2. Department of Electrical Engineering
of
Government Engineering collage Dahod
:Presented By: Arshad Hussain
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3. Contents
Basic Concept of Solar energy
Physics of Photovoltaic cells
PV modules
Emerging Technologies
Environmental Aspects
Indian Scenario
Application of solar panel
Disadvantages of solar cells
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4. What is solar energy?
radiant energy emitted by the sun.
The Sun daily provides about 10,000 times more energy to the Earth than we consume.
The earth receives 174 petawatts [1015 watts] of solar radiations from the sun.
The total energy absorbed by earth’s atmosphere, oceans, land mass is 3,850,000
exajoules [1018 joules] per year.
The energy reaching earth’s atmosphere consists of about 8% UV radiation, 46% visible
light, 46% infrared radiations.
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5. What is a Photovoltaic Cell?
also called solar cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy
of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
Solar Cell (PV)
Light Electricity
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6. Photovoltaic effect
Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy that contain various amounts
of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum.
The electrons present in the valence band absorb energy and, being excited, jump to the
conduction band and become free.
These highly excited electrons are accelerated into a different material by a built-in
potential.
This generates an electromotive force, and thus
some of the light energy is converted into electric
energy.
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7. Basic structure of a SOLAR CELL
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8. When sun light falls on silicon metal cell, the
photon energy allows the electrons from the P-
layer to move to the N-layer, creating an
electric potential difference on the
semiconductor borders.
If these borders are connected to a load by
conductive wires, there will be a flow of
electric current, getting back the electrons to
the P-layer and starting the process again.
A photovoltaic cell generally has low current
and voltage levels, of about 3 A and 0.7 V,
respectively.
Operation of a solar cells
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9. For this , many cells are connected in series and/or parallel to obtain the expected
current and voltage levels and this set of cells is mounted on an appropriate structure
to create a photovoltaic module.
Assemblies of cells are used to make solar modules , also known as solar
panels and these panels are combined to form arrays.
PV modules
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10. Advantages of Solar PV System
It converts solar energy directly into electrical energy
without going through thermal-mechanical link. It has no
moving parts.
Solar PV systems are reliable , modular , durable and
generally maintenance free.
These Systems are quiet , compatible with almost all
environments, expected life span of 20 years or more.
It can be located at the place of use and hence no
distribution network is required.
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11. Disadvantages of Solar PV System
At present the costs of solar cells are high, making them
economically uncompetitive with other conventional power
sources.
The efficiency of solar cells are low.
Large no. of solar cell modules are required to generate
power.
As solar energy is intermittent, some kind of electrical
energy storage is required, which makes the whole system
more expensive.
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13. In terms of overall installed PV capacity,
India comes fourth after Japan, Germany
and U.S. (With Installed capacity of 110 MW).
India today is the second largest
manufacturer in the world of PV panels.
The Delhi Government has decided to make use
of solar power compulsory for lighting up hoardings
and for street lighting .
Solar power generation is merely
concentrated in three states.
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Maharashtra
Where India now and its total installed capacity?
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14. Conclusions
• Solar energy is the energy emitted by the sun.
• It is the most abundant and renewable form of energy.
• Photovoltaic cells convert light energy into electrical energy.
• Assembly of PV cells make solar panels.
• Solar panels finds its applications in many fields such as domestic
lighting, solar vehicles etc.
• Cost and area are big disadvantage of solar cells.
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15. [1] Non conventional Energy Sources. By. R.P. Ajwalya, Edition (2009)
[2] Energy Conservation Technics. BY, R.P. Ajwalya , Edition (2009)
[3] https://sah786.wordpress.com
[4] http://gunam.metu.edu.tr
[5] http://electrical4u.com
[6] http://electrical-engineering-portal.com
[7] https://www.slideshare.net/SaHussain1
[8] http://sah9.blogspot.in
References:
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17. ThankYou!!!
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