Solar cells convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. They are made from semiconducting materials like crystalline silicon that produce electricity when exposed to light. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to extract the maximum possible power from solar panels by matching the panel voltage to the battery or load voltage. MPPT controllers sample the power output from solar panels and apply the proper resistance to obtain the maximum power point. Solar cell performance is affected by factors like irradiation levels and temperature, with characteristics like current, voltage, and power output varying under different conditions.

1. Solar Cell
Md Imtiaz Uddin (11010338)
Raihanul Islam (11010156)
W e l c o m e t o p r e s e n t a t I o n a b o u t

2. What is solar cell?
 Solar cells are in fact large area
semiconductor diodes.
 Due to photovoltaic effect
energy of light (energy of
photons) converts into
electrical current.
Figure 1.1: a solar cell

3. Solar Cell Features
 Crystalline solar cells
oMono crystalline silicon
oPolycrystalline silicon
oRibbon silicon
oMono-like-multi silicon (MLM)
 Amorphous solar cells
Figure 1.2: Crystalline solar cell
Figure 1.2: Amorphous solar cell

4. Solar Cell Operation
Photo voltaic is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the
atomic level. Some materials exhibit a property known as the
photoelectric effect that causes them to absorb photons of light and
release electrons. When these free electrons are captured, an electric
current results that can be used as electricity.
When light energy strikes the solar cell, electrons are knocked
loose from the atoms in the semiconductor material. If electrical
conductors are attached to the positive and negative sides, forming an
electrical circuit, the electrons can be captured in the form of an
electric current -- that is, electricity. This electricity can then be used to
power a load, such as a light or a tool.
Figure 3.1: Solar cell configure

5. Solar Cell Operation (cont…)
Figure 3.2: an animation about solar cell operation

6. Important terms of Solar Cell
Figure 4.1: important terms of solar cell
AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat)
Alternator
Amorphous Semiconductor
Amp Hour
Backup Energy
Cell (battery)
Cell (solar)
Circuit
Full Sun
Inverter (AC)
Kilowatt-Hour (KWH)
Maximum Power PointTracking (MPPT)
Peak Watt
Photovoltaic Cell

7. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique that grid connected inverters, solar
battery chargers and similar devices use to get the maximum possible power from one or more
photovoltaic modules.
Solar inverters convert the DC power to AC power and may incorporate MPPT: such inverters
sample the output power (I-V curve) from the solar modules and apply the proper resistance
(load) so as to obtain maximum power.
MPP(Maximum power point) is the product of the MPP voltage(Vmpp) and MPP current(Impp).
MPPT ( Maximum Power PointTracking )
Perturb and observe
Incremental conductance
Current sweep
Constant voltage
Classification

8. MPPT ( Maximum Power PointTracking )
Panel tracking - this is where the panels are on a mount that follows
the sun.
These optimize output by following the sun across the sky for
maximum sunlight.
These typically give us about a 15% increase in winter and up to a
35% increase in summer.
This is just the opposite of the seasonal variation for MPPT
controllers.
Maximum Power PointTracking is electronic tracking - usually digital.
the charge controller looks at the output of the panels, and compares
it to the battery voltage.
It takes this and converts it to best voltage to get maximum AMPS
into the battery.
Most modern MPPT's are around 93-97% efficient in the conversion.
Figure 5.1: a MPPT display

9. Solar Cell Characteristics
There have four characteristics of solar cell by depend on
different irradiation and temperature values.Which are-
 Solar cell I-V characteristics for different irradiation values
 Solar cell Power characteristics for different irradiation values
 Solar cell I-V characteristics for temperature dependency
 Solar cell Power characteristics for temperature dependency

10. Solar Cell Characteristics (cont…)
Figure 2.1: Solar cell I-V characteristics
for different irradiation values
Figure 2.2: Solar cell Power characteristics
for different irradiation values

11. Solar Cell Characteristics (cont…)
Figure 2.3: Solar cell I-V characteristics
for temperature dependency
Figure 2.4: Solar cell Power characteristics
for temperature dependency

12. Some of MPPT digital devices
Figure 5.4: SunSaver MPPT
Figure 5.3:TriStar MPPT
Figure 5.2:TriStar MPPT 600V

13. Thank’s all