Far eastern manufacturers have significantly undercut European manufacturers in the production of crystalline silicon solar cells. Some have described this as a ‘Solar Trade War’. This presents a challenging context for the European Industry as crystalline silicon technologies comprise the bulk of the marketplace. In Wales, this situation has been given particular poignancy by the closure of Sharp’s module assembly in Llay, Wrexham – where imported silicon solar cells were assembled into larger modules.
For the UK, the regional context for this industry is emerging. Competition based on labour-cost is impossible so there is a need to discover distinct regional strengths in order to stay competitive. There is an importance to focusing on products which offer a high degree of Gross Value Added. This means focusing on strategic niches and technologies that whilst not perhaps offering the highest conversion efficiency, offer attractive returns through economic competitiveness.
There are a range of other PV technology trajectories – thin-film cells and excitonic cells which occupy a much smaller proportion of the marketplace, however, whilst presently less efficient, they promise the potential of continuous production processes that may enable them to be produced more cost effectively. Furthermore, the technical properties of thin film cells lend themselves to capturing diffuse light, whereas silicon solar cells perform better with direct light. This may be considered a good fit between the technology and the weather of the regional market the technology could potentially serve!
This paper provides an analysis of Wales regional strengths in PV, the interesting diversity of research into PV technologies within Wales with a view to how the nation can retain competitiveness in this arena. The work will build on extensive analysis and involvement already undertaken CSER for the DECC UK Solar Roadmap.
A window on the future of solar glazingGavin Harper
This presentation looks at some of the advances in glazing incorporating Solar Photovoltaic devices in order to generate electricity. It looks at a range of technologies including Organic Solar Concentrators, Luminescent Solar Concentrators, Pythagoras Solar's unique glazing system, Dye sensitised solar cells and Honeycomb Thin Film Devices.
Building Integrated Photovoltaic Solar Glazing, Current & Emerging TechnologiesGavin Harper
Presentation at the Low Carbon Research Institute Conference, Cardiff, SWALEC Stadium, 18th November 2014 on Building Integrated Photovoltaics Solar Glazing:Current & Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology is the nexus of sciences.
It includes anything smaller than 100 nanometers with novel properties.
The conventional solar cells that are used to harness solar energy are less efficient and cannot function properly on a cloudy day.
The use of nanotechnology in the solar cells created an opportunity to overcome this problem , thereby increasing the efficiency.
A window on the future of solar glazingGavin Harper
This presentation looks at some of the advances in glazing incorporating Solar Photovoltaic devices in order to generate electricity. It looks at a range of technologies including Organic Solar Concentrators, Luminescent Solar Concentrators, Pythagoras Solar's unique glazing system, Dye sensitised solar cells and Honeycomb Thin Film Devices.
Building Integrated Photovoltaic Solar Glazing, Current & Emerging TechnologiesGavin Harper
Presentation at the Low Carbon Research Institute Conference, Cardiff, SWALEC Stadium, 18th November 2014 on Building Integrated Photovoltaics Solar Glazing:Current & Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology is the nexus of sciences.
It includes anything smaller than 100 nanometers with novel properties.
The conventional solar cells that are used to harness solar energy are less efficient and cannot function properly on a cloudy day.
The use of nanotechnology in the solar cells created an opportunity to overcome this problem , thereby increasing the efficiency.
Building integrated PV Project - testing instrumentationBlenson Paul
Building integrated PV Project - tTesting instrumentation design
OPV and pc-Si based BIPV Solar energy harvesting.
Testing using Arduino nano, MUX and datalogger.
carbon fibre reinforced concrete based prefab slabs
Author: Blenson Paul
This presentation covers following points:-
1. Introduction
2. Introduction to Flexible Solar Cell
3. Flexible Photovoltaic Technology
4. Different types of Flexible Solar Cell
5. Manufacturing Process
6. Testing Method
7. Advantages
8. Applications
9. Conclusion
10. Future Scope
Current Status of Solar Photovoltaic Technology Platforms, Manufacturing Issu...Tuong Do
Speaker: Dr. Steven S. Hegedus, Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware
In his talk, Dr. Hegedus, a 30-year solar cell research veteran, provides an overview of the existing status of today's solar technology platforms and manufacturing issues, as well as provide viewers with his perspective looking 3 to 5 years into the future. He discusses cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film technology. He also provides up-to-date results for advanced crystalline silicon (c-Si) high efficiency cell technology concepts such as the amorphous/c-Si heterojunction, all-back-contact cells, selective emitters and laser-fired contacts. Finally, he briefly describes his lab's current work on addressing critical issues in CIGS and c-Si cell technology.
Dr. Hegedus has been a member of the research staff at IEC at the University of Delaware, the world's oldest photovoltaic research laboratory, since 1982. He co-edited the 1st and 2nd editions of the "Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering" (Wiley 2003, 2011) and is a co-editor of the journal "Progress in Photovoltaics."
Thursday, Sept. 27, 1 p.m. EDT
Source: http://www.photonics.com/Webinar.aspx?WebinarID=24
Building integrated PV Project - testing instrumentationBlenson Paul
Building integrated PV Project - tTesting instrumentation design
OPV and pc-Si based BIPV Solar energy harvesting.
Testing using Arduino nano, MUX and datalogger.
carbon fibre reinforced concrete based prefab slabs
Author: Blenson Paul
This presentation covers following points:-
1. Introduction
2. Introduction to Flexible Solar Cell
3. Flexible Photovoltaic Technology
4. Different types of Flexible Solar Cell
5. Manufacturing Process
6. Testing Method
7. Advantages
8. Applications
9. Conclusion
10. Future Scope
Current Status of Solar Photovoltaic Technology Platforms, Manufacturing Issu...Tuong Do
Speaker: Dr. Steven S. Hegedus, Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware
In his talk, Dr. Hegedus, a 30-year solar cell research veteran, provides an overview of the existing status of today's solar technology platforms and manufacturing issues, as well as provide viewers with his perspective looking 3 to 5 years into the future. He discusses cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin-film technology. He also provides up-to-date results for advanced crystalline silicon (c-Si) high efficiency cell technology concepts such as the amorphous/c-Si heterojunction, all-back-contact cells, selective emitters and laser-fired contacts. Finally, he briefly describes his lab's current work on addressing critical issues in CIGS and c-Si cell technology.
Dr. Hegedus has been a member of the research staff at IEC at the University of Delaware, the world's oldest photovoltaic research laboratory, since 1982. He co-edited the 1st and 2nd editions of the "Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering" (Wiley 2003, 2011) and is a co-editor of the journal "Progress in Photovoltaics."
Thursday, Sept. 27, 1 p.m. EDT
Source: http://www.photonics.com/Webinar.aspx?WebinarID=24
Thin Film Photovoltaic Technology
Abengoa continues to research thin film photovoltaic technology. We are working in the European project "Steel PV" with the aim of functionalizing rugged structural steel for architectural integration applications.
Low Cost Utility Solar Farms Using Supersized ModulesSmithers Apex
- Utility solar farm market drivers
- Minimizing solar farm capital costs
- Crystalline silicon supersized module manufacturing
- Solar farm systems cost reduction through the use of supersized modules
- Minimizing utility solar farm LCOE by on-site deployment of supersized modules
Roger Little, Chairman & CEO, SPIRE
Training on harassment and discrimination prevention is critical to set clear rules and to establish important legal protections. But to remain competitive in today’s diverse and global workplace, organizations must also focus on their culture, and the ability of employees to effectively collaborate. In a diverse workplace, even subtle personal differences (including those not protected by employment laws) impact employee productivity and engagement.
This interactive webinar will be a live, guided demo of ELT’s new online Diversity & Inclusion training course for managers and employees. We will cover how diversity training supports business and cultural goals, discuss the benefits of training beyond legal compliance, and provide a practical overview of diversity training best practices.
If you’re not already thinking about how to increase diversity in your top team, you should be. Some of the world’s most successful organisations know that teams from different backgrounds and perspectives are sharper and more innovative, and perform better for their clients than teams who look, think and feel the same. And rather than producing flash-in-the-pan success, this type of mix is a recipe for sustainable improvements over the long term.
But if you, like us, spend most of your life running a business or heading up a large department, you probably don’t have much spare time to think about diversity. So we’ve produced this guide purely for busy executives who want to decipher why this matters to their organisation’s ability to grow and evolve, and who need to talk to other people about it, but perhaps aren’t sure how.
We wanted to do it in a way that doesn’t turn it into a chore. The book unfolds in ten simple chapters, each of which shouldn’t take much more than a minute to read – but behind each chapter there’s a wealth of information, with Green Park’s suggestions for further reading at the end.
Failure to capture talent from the widest possible pool could cost you dearly. There is a myth of lack of talent; nothing could be further from the truth. There’s no shortage of high-calibre candidates from under-represented groups, but sourcing them often requires the focus, market intelligence and reach that only an expert executive search firm can provide.
With this is mind, we’ve created Green Park Diversity Analytics, chaired by Trevor Phillips, a research and advisory body, which uses unique quantitative modelling to analyse the executive labour market by specific dimensions of diversity. Our methodology can help us to identify gaps and source the best candidates for your team, bringing results that are quicker, less intrusive and more accurate than anything currently in the diversity field.
We hope you find this guide helpful.
This module discusses basic information about diversity and inclusiveness necessary for preparing employees to work in multicultural workplace settings.
Diversity and Inclusion - By Dr. Christine Mc Carthy | TEC Leadership InstituteTEC Leadership Institute
There are four various age cohorts in the workplace. These groups share some traditional work values but differ on such important ones as what community means, what participation means, the role of management, employer / employee loyalty, telecommuting, technical competence, and what constitutes a good day’s work. You will learn more on diversity and inclusion at business in this presentation. For a better understanding on same, please visit TEC Leadership Institute website.
Market transformation in the energy sector. The implications of battery storage and reducing renewable energy costs to the Australian environment. Presents projections from NREL, DoE, CSIRO, GDF Suez, IRENA and others
Lost at sea? Charting wave energy’s difficult innovation journey towards comm...Matthew Hannon
The UK has a rich history of wave energy technology innovation stretching back to 1976 when it launched its first wave energy programme. Whilst funding was discontinued in the 1980s a new programme was established in the 2000s as wave energy was considered a critical solution to meeting the government’s climate change, energy and economic objectives. Despite committing approximately $150m to wave energy development over the past 15 years the UK has still failed to deliver a commercially viable wave energy device. This raises questions about the effectiveness of government policy designed to support wave energy innovation. Drawing upon 32 expert interviews, investment data and extensive documentary evidence the research examines how the level and type of innovation support from UK government has contributed to this slow progress and how these weaknesses could be addressed to help accelerate wave energy innovation in the future.
The research finds that government policy was indeed partly to blame for this slow progress including poor coordination of policy support, duplication of investment, stop-start R&D programmes that fostered knowledge depreciation and schemes that encouraged developers to go ‘too big too soon’. Despite these failures significant ‘policy learning’ has taken place, triggering a major reconfiguration of UK wave energy innovation support such as a refocusing on component versus device development, treating wave and tidal energy innovation separately and greater coordination of innovation programmes. Even so outstanding policy recommendations include strengthening coordination between UK and Scottish governments and collaboration between universities and device developers. Finally, the research finds that government policy wasn’t the only factor that contributed to this slow progress such as developers overpromising and under-delivering, as well as the high capital cost and practical difficulties associated with device testing at sea.
Innhotep - Panorama du marché photovoltaïque mondialInnhotep
Etude menée en 2008 dressant le panorama de l'industrie photovoltaïque dans le monde : les technologies, les pôles d'excellence, les applications, la chaîne de valeur, les acteurs clés, etc.
Pour plus de publications d'Innhotep, veuillez vous rendre à cette adresse : http://www.innhotep.com/fr/publications/
Lost at sea? Charting wave energy’s difficult innovation journey towards comm...Matthew Hannon
A retrospective of the effectiveness of UK wave energy innovation policy since 2000. Identification of innovation support weaknesses, progress in addressing these and recommendations for next steps to accelerate wave energy innovation.
The ORE Catapult and Future Opportunities,David Arnold,Technology strategy BoardInvest Northern Ireland
Presentation from the Supply Chain Opportunities in the Onshore and Offshore Wind Operation and Maintenance Sectors held at Down Royal Racecourse, Lisburn 27th November 2013
Lost at sea? Charting wave energy’s difficult innovation journey towards comm...Matthew Hannon
The UK has a rich history of wave energy technology innovation stretching back to 1976 when it launched its first wave energy programme. Whilst funding was discontinued in the 1980s a new programme was established in the 2000s as wave energy was considered critical to meeting the government’s climate change, energy and economic objectives. Evens so the past 15 years have failed to deliver a commercially viable wave energy device. Consequently, this research examines whether the level and type of innovation support in the UK has contributed to this slow progress and whether these weaknesses could be addressed to help accelerate innovation in the future.
Drawing upon 32 interviews, alongside investment, publication and patent data analysis, this research examines:
1. how much investment has been committed to wave energy RD&D;
2. the mechanisms used to deliver this support;
3. the effectiveness of this support in fostering innovation and;
4. how this support could be re-configured to accelerate innovation.
The research finds that the UK has historically committed an above average level of ocean energy support versus other countries, seeing the UK lead in terms of patents, publications and deployment. However, the level of ocean energy funding still lags behind more mature renewable energy technologies (e.g. wind, solar PV) and its support has suffered from a number of weaknesses including a pressure to go ‘too big too soon’, little requirement for collaboration, intermittent support and a poorly coordinated and complex funding landscape.
Despite these failures significant ‘policy learning’ has taken place, triggering a major reconfiguration of UK wave energy innovation support such as a refocusing on component versus device development, treating wave and tidal energy innovation separately and greater coordination of innovation programmes. Outstanding policy recommendations include strengthening coordination between UK and Scottish governments and collaboration between universities and device developers.
SPRU energy seminar Matthew Hannon 1.12.2015 - Lost at Sea? Wave Energy’s Dif...Matthew Hannon
The UK established its first large-scale wave energy innovation programme in 1976 in a bid to develop an alternative domestic supply of energy in light of the oil crisis. As such wave energy became the principal focus for renewable energy public RD&D funding during the late 1970s. However, funding rapidly declined during the 1980s after the programme was discontinued due to a perceived lack of progress and a shift in political support towards nuclear energy. It wasn’t until the early 2000s that wave energy support enjoyed a renaissance with government believing it could play a central role in meeting its climate change and energy security targets, whilst also stimulating economic growth.
Whilst approximately £75m of public and £525m of private sector funds were subsequently invested in ocean energy RD&D between 2000 and 2012 this ultimately failed to deliver a commercially viable wave energy device. This slow progress can in part be attributed to the complexity of the engineering challenge this research explores whether the level and type of support on offer may have been a contributing factor. Drawing upon both qualitative and quantitative analysis this research examines the effectiveness of the UK’s wave energy innovation system and the lessons that have been learnt to help accelerate wave energy technology innovation in the future.
In terms of the level of funding the research finds that ocean energy has at a national and international level received less funding than other renewable energy technologies that have reached commercialisation. In terms of the effectiveness of the funding that was committed the research finds that the innovation support system put in place has exhibited a number of critical weaknesses. These include a pressure to go ‘too big too soon’, poor levels of developer collaboration, intermittent government support and a poorly coordinated funding landscape.
Despite these failures significant ‘policy learning’ has taken place in the UK, triggering a major reconfiguration of its ocean energy innovation system that is considered to have created a stronger innovation system. Positive developments include a refocusing on component vs. device development, treating wave and tidal energy innovation separately and a greater degree of innovation body coordination. Even so a number of recommendations are presented to strengthen the system further still, not least greater coordination between UK and Scottish governments and stronger links between universities and device developers.
This paper evaluates the diversification opportunities for Indian corporates keen on entering the solar PV manufacturing sector. This includes both crystalline silicon and thin film technologies.
The white paper is divided into three sections. The first section examines the global market dynamics of the solar PV sector and the opportunities and challenges for this sector. This section also provides an introduction to the prominent technologies used in solar PV. Some of the key questions answered in this section include
• What are the global solar PV installation trends?
• Which is the largest solar market in the world?
• What are the various solar PV technologies available?
• What are the key differences between crystalline silicon and thin film technologies?
Conferencia: “Energías Renovables Marinas: Retos y oportunidades”, a cargo de Ignacio Martí, Director Técnico de ORE CATAPULT y Chairman del capítulo de Energía Eólica de la Agencia Internacional de la Energía.
TECNALIA #Perspectives2016 “Industria y Tecnología: Las oportunidades de la energía en el mar” es el título del evento que contó con la participación de Ignacio Martí, Director Técnico de ORE CATAPULT y Chairman del capítulo de Energía Eólica de la Agencia Internacional de la Energía.
También contamos con una mesa redonda de lujo de la mano de expertos de ORE CATAPULT, ADWEN, BIMEP, IBERDROLA, NAUTILUS, SINTEF, VICINAY, e investigadores de TECNALIA. Con ellos pudimos adentrarnos en las oportunidades de negocio que se derivan de la Energía en el Mar y las claves del impacto que esta tendrá en nuestro tejido empresarial.
Más información en http://www.tecnalia.com
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Leaflet showcasing the work of the Birmingham Energy Institute:
The University of Birmingham is at
the forefront of the technological
innovation and original thinking
required to solve the challenges
facing the UK as it seeks to develop
sustainable energy solutions in
transport, electricity and heat supply.
The Birmingham Energy Institute is
focused on creating technology
and guiding policy which will shape
the energy solutions of tomorrow.
Birmingham Energy Institute - Fraunhofer UMSICHT CollaborationGavin Harper
The Birmingham Energy Institute and Fraunhofer UMSICHT are combining academic expertise with industrial capability to develop a Joint Research Platform that will deliver new approaches to energy and waste management with the beneficiaries being cities and communities. As such, this new collaboration will address the practical challenges that sit at the heart of the energy waste nexus, applying academic insight to accelerate innovation to the market place.
Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements & Critical Materials Launch AgendaGavin Harper
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A material is deemed to be critical when it is economically important but at risk of short supply. These materials often contain certain elements that may be regarded as being of strategic importance to modern and future technologies. The supply constraints are driven by geological, economic,
technical or political factors, which can only be addressed by an interdisciplinary team.
The Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials encompasses expertise from across the University of Birmingham and the Birmingham Energy Institute in biosciences, chemical engineering, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences, economics, law, materials science, physics and social science.
The aim of BCSECM is to develop solutions to the problem of criticality in order to alleviate these supply constraints or to substitute the strategic materials/elements with less scarce alternatives.
Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements & Critical Materials: Research Highl...Gavin Harper
A material is deemed to be critical when it is economically important but at risk of short supply. These materials often contain certain elements that may be regarded as being of strategic importance to modern and future technologies. The supply constraints are driven by geological, economic,
technical or political factors, which can only be addressed by an interdisciplinary team.
The Birmingham Centre for Strategic Elements and Critical Materials encompasses expertise from across the University of Birmingham and the Birmingham Energy Institute in biosciences, chemical engineering, chemistry, earth and environmental sciences, economics, law, materials science, physics and social science.
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Energy Capital - With a focus on Birmingham Energy Institute Projects in the ...Gavin Harper
Energy Capital
Designing the UK’s Industrial Strategy:Affordable Energy and Clean Growth
With a focus on University of Birmingham / Birmingham Energy Institute projects in the region.
Presentation to: Energy Institute
West Midlands & Mid Wales Group
Birmingham, 6 April 2017
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Tyseley Energy Park will draw together a range of different energy technologies and vectors. The site will be the energy and waste nexus for the city of Birmingham, showing how novel energy technologies can form an innovative industrial ecology.
Energy capital aims to make the west midlands one of the most attractive locations to develop and build innovative clean energy technology companies in the world.
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Business Models for Ultra Low Emission Vehicles & SustainabilityGavin Harper
Presentation given to the International Energy Agency's Experts' Group on Research & Development Priority Setting for the workshop Life in the Fast Lane, Evolving Paradigms for Mobility and Transportations Systems for the Future at the U.S. Department of Energy, Washington D.C.
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Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
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The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
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State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
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Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
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Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
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Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
Developing Resilience Through Diversity in the Welsh Photovoltaic Industry
1. Developing resilience through diversity in
the Welsh Photovoltaic Industry
Gavin D. J. Harper
g.harper@glyndwr.ac.uk
@gavindjharper
www.gavindjharper.com
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-6642
Regional Science Association International – British & Irish Section
43rd Annual Conference & Doctoral Colloquium,
Aberystwyth, Wales
19th – 21st August 2014
2. Catalyst for Research
The main objective of WEST is to develop
skills to aid the utilisation and uptake of new
technologies developed through the LCRI
industrial research projects.
This will ensure that industrial research is
disseminated through both traditional
educational streams as well as directly to
industry through Continuing Professional
Development (CPD).
3. Industrial Advisory Group
• In order to produce Skills & Training
Needs Analysis for Welsh PV Industry, an
Industrial Advisory Group was formed.
• Desk based research
• One-to-one consultation interviews
• Questionnaire
• Networking at events with key stakeholders
in the Welsh PV supply chain
Further details in Harper, Rowlands-Jones &
Irvine (2014)
4.
5. Context for the UK PV Industry
• “Solar PV is a credible asset class that offers greater long-term
returns than cash or bonds, but with a lower risk than
equities or property.”
• “The upcoming election in May 2015 is helping to create a
static policy environment until then, minimizing risk to
investors.”
• “The slowdown in other European markets (in particular
Germany) has created extra sales activity in the UK”
Quotes from Colville (2014b)
7. Potential Jobs Growth in PV
Projected Manufacturing Jobs
Depend on Global Demand for PV
Projected Installation Jobs
Depend on UK Demand for PV
Graphs taken from Irvine, Jones & Rowlands Jones (2013)
Key recommendations from ESP KTN Solar Photovoltaic Road Map 2013
8. Great Britain is now the most exciting growth market
for solar in Europe. And there are three prime reasons
why the UK should be the destination of choice for
any solar company looking to invest in Europe.
First, our UK domestic market has the greatest
growth potential in the EU.
Second, the UK has a reformed, robust and fully-financed
support framework for renewables, set all
the way to 2020 and beyond.
And third, we are an emerging global hub for
advanced manufacturing.
Greg Barker MP, quoted in:
9. UK solar PV market reaching a record-breaking
1.45 GW of new additions in 2013
Nearly 70% of the UK market was
supplied by Chinese module suppliers
Source: Colville (2014)
BUT
10. Sharp Closure
• Around 615 jobs (including agency
staff) lost with closure of Sharp’s Llay,
Wrexham solar factory.
Photo by Peter Byrne/WPA Pool/Getty Images
11. Sharp Closure
• Wrexham MP, Ian Lucas (2013) has criticised the Coalition’s changing
attitude to renewables, criticising:
• Changes to the Feed In Tariff system
• Changes to the investment framework for renewables
• Talking down the positive potential for renewables to create jobs.
• However, challenges for Sharp potentially have deeper roots.
• Regional uncompetitiveness in silicon PV manufacture not unique to
Sharp, other silicon PV manufacturer closures in West.
12. Sharp Closure
• Looking at the markets
the Wrexham plant
served, it becomes
clear to see why the
plant closure began to
look inevitable.
• Declining EU market
share (due to cheap
imports)
• Dramatic increase in
Sharp’s home
(Japanese) market.
(Where quality
products command a
premium price)
13. Sharp Manufacturing,
Llay, Wrexham Sharp Closure
Crystalline
Silicon Cells
Brought From
Taiwan To Llay
Finished
modules
shipped back to
Japan.
14. The seed of the idea for this paper…
Diverse regional sustainability
strategies: template for the
future or squandered resources?
Harper & Wells (2012)
15. Resilience:
• The ability and capacity of an individual,
community, or economy to withstand, alter,
evolve and respond to shocks and
[un]anticipated changes (Hudson, 2008)
• Resilience as a concept is debated and discussed
by (Adger, 2000; Duit et al., 2010)
•Diversity often recognised as a key component
of successfully resilient systems.
18. PV in Wales
Regional Strengths
Manufacture &
Commercialisation
Centre for Solar Energy
Research (CSER) @
OpTIC Glyndwr
Expertise in thin-film,
Cadmium Telluride
cells. Expertise in novel
MOCVD process &
advanced optics.
GB Sol, PV Module
manufacture.
Mounting Systems
Manufacture.
G24i Manufacturer of
dye sensitised solar cells.
Bangor University
Dye sensitised
cell research
Sharp Silicon
Module
Manufacture.
SPECIFIC, Swansea University
Ser Solar, Swansea University
PV Research
Pure Wafer (Reclaimed
Silicon Wafers)
Dyesol BIPVCo
IQE Multijuction PV (Concentrators)
19. Comparing Photovoltaic Technologies
• Thin film technologies compete on the basis of slightly less efficiency, but at a
lower cost / kW
• Slightly less efficient per unit area. But better at capturing diffuse light – so
potentially well suited to Welsh climate.
• Seen as a “substitute product” rarely the default choice.
• Crystalline silicon raw materials cost around 20%. For thin film, figure is 10%
• Crystalline silicon manufacturing technology is “commodified” whereas thin film
manufacturing technology is proprietary.
• Efficiency of cell technologies directly impacts the cost of installed technologies,
improvements in thin-film performance improve competitive position.
20. Thin Film / Excitonic Cells:
Continuous Production?
Crystalline Silicon Cells
“Batch” Production
Thin Film / Excitonic / DSC Cells
“Reel to Reel” Production
Image: Sharp, Llay Wrexham, Silicon Cell Production Image: G24i Power, DSC Cell Production
21. Inline MOCVD Process
• Funded by LCRI “SPARC”
project.
• Chamberless MOCVD
process.
• Creates potential for
“continuous” production of
thin film devices, rather than
“batch“ production.
• World First
22. Capturing other value from PV
• PV Modules are only part of the system. Opportunities to capture
value through balance of system components.
• Other electrotechnical equipment
• Cables (Prysmian)
• Switchgear (Eaton)
• Inverters
• Mounting Systems (GB Sol)
23. Conclusions
• The closure of Sharp’s module assembly in Wrexham was a blow to
the confidence of the Welsh Photovoltaic Industry.
• Some concern also, about other firms relying on crystalline silicon,
based on price competition from the Far East.
• Specialist multi-junction silicon cells, e.g. IQE, Cardiff epi-foundry,
perhaps less sensitive to imports due to niche application.
• However, the Welsh PV sector appears to show vibrant potential for
growth based on a diversity of different technology pathways, which
could offer “resilience” in the face of competition.
24. Conclusions
• Looking at the case of the Welsh PV industry, there appears to be
some validation that diversity in the technologies being developed
within the regional innovation system has led to resilience in the face
of intense price competition.
• Many promising avenues for potential development – technologies in
the process of commercialisation / being brought to market.
• Potential to capture value from balance of system components.
• BUT outstanding challenges to be resolved with market acceptance of
thin film.
25. Conclusions
• Looking at the case of the Welsh PV industry, there appears to be
some validation that diversity in the technologies being developed
within the regional innovation system will allow the sector to be
resilient in the medium-term.
• Some unresolved short-term challenges with thin-film market
readiness.
• Perhaps analogous with hydrogen in (Wells & Harper, 2012).
• Many promising avenues for potential development – technologies in
the process of commercialisation / being brought to market.
• Potential to capture value from balance of system components.
26. Adger, N. (2000) ‘Social and ecological resilience: are they related?’, Progress in Human Geography, 24, 347–64
Ashton, W. S. (2009) ‘The structure, function, and evolution of a regional industrial ecosystem’, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol.13No.2,pp. 228-246
Chertow, M. R.; Ashton, W. S. and Espinosa, J. C. (2008) ‘Industrial symbiosis in Puerto Rico: Environmentally-related agglomeration economies’, Regional
Studies, Vol.42 No.10, pp.1299-1312
Colville, F. (2014) ‘Trina Solar Dominated UK Solar PV Module Supply in 2013’ http://www.solarbuzz.com/resources/articles-and-presentations/trina-solar-dominated-
uk-solar-pv-module-supply-2013
Duit, A., Galaz, V., Eckerberg, K., and Ebbeson, J. (2010) ‘Introduction: governance, complexity, and resilience’, Global Environmental Change 20, 363–368
Fiksel, J. (2003) ‘Designing Resilient, Sustainable Systems’ Environmental Science & Technology, 37 (23), pp 5330–5339
DOI: 10.1021/es0344819
Hall (2013a) Solar energy research centre launched by Swansea University, http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business/business-news/solar-energy-research-centre-
launched-6194611
Hall (2013b) Pure Wafer in profit after transformational year, http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business/business-news/pure-wafer-profit-after-transformational-
6119388
Harper, G.D.J, Rowlands-Jones, R, Irvine, S. (2014) A Skills and Training Needs Analysis for Solar Photovoltaics a Welsh and UK Perspective, 5th International
Conference, Education, Research & Development, Elenite, Bulgaria 4-8th September 2014
Harper & Wells (2012) Diverse regional sustainability strategies: template for the future or squandered resources? International Journal of Automotive
Technology and Management, 12(2), 153-171. DOI: 10.1504/IJATM.2012.046860.
Hudson, R. (2008) ‘Material matters and the search for resilience: rethinking regional and urban development strategies in the context of global
environmental change’, International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 3, 3/4, 166–184
Hughes (2013) 'Work together' after devastating job cuts in Wrexham
http://www.dailypost.co.uk/business/business-news/work-together-after-devastating-job-6420557
Irvine, Jones & Rowlands-Jones (2013) Key recommendations from ESP KTN Solar Photovoltaic Road Map 2013
Lucas (2013) ‘Sharp closure ends decade of UK solar innovation’
http://www.solarpowerportal.co.uk/guest_blog/sharp_closure_ends_decade_of_uk_solar_innovation_2356
Shankleman, J (2012) ‘Sharp relocating solar HQ from Germany to UK’, The Guardian
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jun/13/sharp-relocating-solar-hq-uk
Rowlands-Jones (2014) Skills and Training Needs Analysis: Solar Photovoltaics Energy Executive Summary
27. Gavin Harper
g.harper@glyndwr.ac.uk
www.gavindharper.com
http://www.cser.org.uk/
https://www.westproject.org.uk/
@gavindjharper
@CSER_PV
@LCRI_WEST
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