This document discusses different methods of irrigation for crop production. It describes surface irrigation techniques like wild flooding, controlled flooding using basins or borders/strips. Subsurface techniques include furrow irrigation with deep furrows or corrugations. Sprinkler irrigation involves applying water under pressure through nozzles to simulate rainfall. Drip irrigation applies water slowly to the soil surface near plant roots. The various methods are used depending on the crop type and soil properties to efficiently supply water for plant growth.

1. Crop production and management

2. IRRIGATION

3. Application of water to soil
for the purpose of supplying
the moisture essential for
normal plant growth and
development

4. • To Supply Water
• To Provide Crop Insurance
• To Cool Soil And Micro Atmosphere
• To Leach Out Salts
• To Soften Tillage Pans
• For Food And Fibre Production
• To Protect Crop From Frost

5. METHODS OF IRRIGATION
•Surface
•Sub Surface
•Sprinkler
•Drip

6. A) Uncontrolled/ Wild flooding
B) Controlled flooding
1) Basin
A) Check B) Ring
2) Border Strip
3) Furrow Irrigation
I) Deep Furrow
II) Corrugations

7. Applying water to the field without any
bunds to guide the flow irrigation water
wetting the soil surface
 Used in millets lawns
 Used in land preparations
 Loss due to percolation and surface runoff

8. Wild flooding

10. The field is metre square) surrounded by small bunds
In this method of irrigation the field is usually divided
into square plots ( 4 m sq to 4000 m sq) surrounded by
small bunds of dykes or lever
Used in groundnut, sorghum , vegetables etc
Leaches out salts below the crop root zone depth

14. Circular bund is constructed
around each plant/tree to create
a basin for irrigation

17. The cultivated field to be irrigated is divided
into a number of long parallel strips, generally
5 to 15 m in width and 75 to 300m in length,
separated by border ridges or low dykes of
about 15 cm high, laid in the direction of the
slope.
Used In Bajra Wheat Barley Groundnut

18. Border strip

20. In furrow method of irrigation the flat bed surface is
converted into a slope.
The spacing of the furrow is ordinarily determined by the
spacing of the row crop.
Most efficient use of water is possible

23. Corrugations or rills are shallow furrows running down the slope
from ditches or laterals, which are sometimes very close to each
other
Useful in closer growing crops

25. Applying the water beneath the soil surface close
to the plant roots so that either water seeps from
the slides of the channels towards the plant roots
or through capillary movement upward.
30- 75 below the ground depending on texture
and rooting of crop
Soil with high salt content cannot be used
High investment is required
Not adopted widely in India

27. Water is conveyed in pipe lines under
desired pressure (0.7 to 10kg/cm sq)
developed by the pump and is sprayed
through nozzles perforation over the land
or crop surface in an uniform pattern at a
rate (0.06 to 50 l/hr) less than infiltrability
of the soil, somewhat resembling the
rainfall.

28. Typical sprinkler system consists of
Pumping unit
Main line
Laterals
Risers
Sprinkler heads