The document outlines the stages and resources needed to navigate the special education process from identifying needs through transitioning out of school. It begins with parents noticing signs of potential disabilities and obtaining diagnoses. Screenings and evaluations then determine eligibility for an individualized education program. Annual progress is tracked and the IEP updated. For students 14+, a transition plan is created. Resources are suggested to help parents understand each stage, their rights, roles and emotions experienced. The process is nonlinear and unique to each student's needs.
How is sales force management likely to evolve in the coming 10 years?
Main themes are: co creation, networking, communication, the sales process, team based selling and the relationship between sales, marketing and customer service.
Hirschmann: Automotive SPICE Requirements for development process and tools Intland Software GmbH
The document discusses requirements for development processes and tools based on Automotive SPICE standards. It describes how an automotive company uses various tools like Doors, Trackers, CMDB categories, Wikis and document management to establish bidirectional traceability between requirements, designs, code and tests. URLs and hyperlinks are used to link related artifacts across different tools while maintaining the information in the original tools.
Requirements are King – Better Requirements = Better SoftwareCA Technologies
This document summarizes a presentation about improving software quality through better requirements. It discusses how ambiguous natural language requirements introduce uncertainty that leads to defects, and how modeling requirements as active flowcharts can help address this. Key points:
- Ambiguous natural language requirements introduce up to 56% of defects and are the source of 64-80% of project costs due to rework.
- Modeling requirements as unambiguous, "active" flowcharts allows test cases, test data, and automated tests to be automatically generated and updated from the requirements when changes are made.
- This reduces uncertainty by minimizing "hops" between requirements and other artifacts, and helps ensure requirements are fully tested.
Key Issues for Requirements Engineering (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
Online lecture at the School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, as part of the 10th Europe Week from 3rd to 7th March 2014.
Requirements Engineering Techniques for Eliciting Requirements (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
Online lecture at the School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, as part of the 11th Europe Week from 2nd to 6th March 2015.
A Structured Approach to Requirements Analysis (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
This document outlines a lecture on requirements engineering. It begins by defining requirements engineering as an iterative cooperative process aimed at guaranteeing that all relevant requirements are known, understood, and agreed upon by stakeholders. The document then discusses the main subdisciplines of requirements engineering including requirements development and requirements management. For requirements development, it identifies the key processes of elicitation, analysis, specification and validation. For requirements management, it discusses tracking, managing, controlling and tracing requirements. The document provides definitions and examples to explain these concepts at a high level.
Methods for Validating and Testing Software Requirements (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
The document outlines a 60-minute presentation on methods for validating and testing software requirements. It discusses the key topics of requirements validation, reviewing requirements through both informal and formal approaches like inspections, testing requirements using acceptance criteria, and good validation practices. The presentation also references additional reading materials and sources for further inspiration.
The document outlines the stages and resources needed to navigate the special education process from identifying needs through transitioning out of school. It begins with parents noticing signs of potential disabilities and obtaining diagnoses. Screenings and evaluations then determine eligibility for an individualized education program. Annual progress is tracked and the IEP updated. For students 14+, a transition plan is created. Resources are suggested to help parents understand each stage, their rights, roles and emotions experienced. The process is nonlinear and unique to each student's needs.
How is sales force management likely to evolve in the coming 10 years?
Main themes are: co creation, networking, communication, the sales process, team based selling and the relationship between sales, marketing and customer service.
Hirschmann: Automotive SPICE Requirements for development process and tools Intland Software GmbH
The document discusses requirements for development processes and tools based on Automotive SPICE standards. It describes how an automotive company uses various tools like Doors, Trackers, CMDB categories, Wikis and document management to establish bidirectional traceability between requirements, designs, code and tests. URLs and hyperlinks are used to link related artifacts across different tools while maintaining the information in the original tools.
Requirements are King – Better Requirements = Better SoftwareCA Technologies
This document summarizes a presentation about improving software quality through better requirements. It discusses how ambiguous natural language requirements introduce uncertainty that leads to defects, and how modeling requirements as active flowcharts can help address this. Key points:
- Ambiguous natural language requirements introduce up to 56% of defects and are the source of 64-80% of project costs due to rework.
- Modeling requirements as unambiguous, "active" flowcharts allows test cases, test data, and automated tests to be automatically generated and updated from the requirements when changes are made.
- This reduces uncertainty by minimizing "hops" between requirements and other artifacts, and helps ensure requirements are fully tested.
Key Issues for Requirements Engineering (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
Online lecture at the School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, as part of the 10th Europe Week from 3rd to 7th March 2014.
Requirements Engineering Techniques for Eliciting Requirements (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
Online lecture at the School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, as part of the 11th Europe Week from 2nd to 6th March 2015.
A Structured Approach to Requirements Analysis (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
This document outlines a lecture on requirements engineering. It begins by defining requirements engineering as an iterative cooperative process aimed at guaranteeing that all relevant requirements are known, understood, and agreed upon by stakeholders. The document then discusses the main subdisciplines of requirements engineering including requirements development and requirements management. For requirements development, it identifies the key processes of elicitation, analysis, specification and validation. For requirements management, it discusses tracking, managing, controlling and tracing requirements. The document provides definitions and examples to explain these concepts at a high level.
Methods for Validating and Testing Software Requirements (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
The document outlines a 60-minute presentation on methods for validating and testing software requirements. It discusses the key topics of requirements validation, reviewing requirements through both informal and formal approaches like inspections, testing requirements using acceptance criteria, and good validation practices. The presentation also references additional reading materials and sources for further inspiration.
Requirements Engineering Methods for Documenting Requirements (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
Online lecture at the School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, as part of the 11th Europe Week from 2nd to 6th March 2015.
Modelling Software Requirements: Important diagrams and templates (lecture sl...Dagmar Monett
Online lecture at the School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, as part of the 11th Europe Week from 2nd to 6th March 2015.
The document provides guidance on how to effectively review software requirements as a stakeholder. It outlines an 8-step process for stakeholders to (1) identify their key objectives and problem areas, (2) prioritize problems, (3) link project goals to problems, (4) code objectives and problems, (5) annotate each requirement with relevant codes and ratings, (6) identify any important issues not addressed, and (7) provide feedback to the project team. Going through these steps helps stakeholders focus on requirements that matter most to their needs and provides a way to assess how well a project will meet objectives and address key problems.
Requirements engineering with UML [Software Modeling] [Computer Science] [Vri...Ivano Malavolta
This presentation is about a lecture I gave within the "Software Modeling" course of the Computer Science bachelor program, of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
The document describes key requirements engineering processes including feasibility studies, requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation, and requirements management. It discusses techniques for gathering requirements such as interviews, scenarios, use cases, and ethnography. It also covers validating requirements through reviews and prototyping to ensure the defined requirements meet customer needs.
The document provides information about changes to the ISO/TS 16949 Rules 4th Edition from Charles Blair, the Automotive Program Manager for DQS-UL Group. Some key changes include increased focus on process performance, tracking customer complaints, auditing shift transitions, and ensuring all processes are covered across all shifts. The rules also clarify audit planning requirements, nonconformity management, and certificate structure/content. Clients can expect impacts in areas like audit preparation, conduct, nonconformity management, and certification.
Software Requirements Specification on Student Information System (SRS on SIS)Minhas Kamal
The document summarizes the inception phase of requirements engineering for developing a Student Information System for the Institute of Information Technology at the University of Dhaka. Key activities in the inception phase included identifying stakeholders such as students, faculty, administrators and alumni; eliciting their requirements through discussions; identifying common and conflicting requirements; and prioritizing requirements to develop an initial set of requirements for the system.
The document discusses the upcoming changes to the IATF 16949 standard, which will be published in October 2016. Some key points:
- IATF 16949:2016 will supersede ISO/TS 16949:2009 as the automotive quality management system standard.
- Organizations certified to ISO/TS 16949:2009 will need to successfully transition to IATF 16949:2016 by September 2018.
- IATF 16949:2016 will be aligned with ISO 9001:2015 and implemented as a supplement to that standard. It will include additional automotive industry requirements.
software development, process model, requirement engineering, srs, structured...Ashok Mohanty
This document provides an overview of software engineering. It begins by discussing the emergence of software engineering as a discipline due to the "software crisis" of the 1970s. It then covers various software engineering processes and lifecycle models, including sequential models like waterfall and iterative models like prototyping and spiral. Requirements engineering methods like elicitation, analysis and specification are also summarized. Finally, it discusses the function-oriented and object-oriented approaches to software development.
The document discusses requirements analysis, which involves understanding customer needs and expectations for a proposed system. Requirements analysis is necessary to ensure projects align with business goals and specifications. The requirements analysis process includes identifying system boundaries, customers, eliciting requirements through stakeholder interviews, analyzing requirements, documenting requirements in a specification, and managing evolving requirements. An effective software requirements specification establishes agreement between customers and developers on system functionality.
An Introduction to Software Failure Modes Effects Analysis (SFMEA)Ann Marie Neufelder
Software Failure Modes Effects Analysis (SFMEA) is an effective tool for identifying what software applications should NOT do. Software testing is often focused on nominal conditions and often doesn't discover serious defects.
Requirements engineering process in software engineeringPreeti Mishra
Requirement Engineering (RE) involves understanding what customers want through tasks like elicitation, negotiation, and specification. RE helps establish requirements that provide a solid foundation for design and construction. The key RE tasks are inception to understand the problem, elicitation by drawing out requirements, elaboration by creating analysis models, negotiation to agree on a realistic solution, specification to formally describe requirements, validation to check for errors or issues, and management of changing requirements. RE helps software engineers better understand problems to solve through participation with customers, managers, and end users.
This document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) cybersecurity compliance solutions and international security standards and certifications. It provides an overview of regulations and standards in the US and EU, including the EU Cybersecurity Act, ETSI EN 303 645, and FDA guidance on medical device cybersecurity. International security certifications like Common Criteria, FIPS 140-3, and IEC 62443 are summarized. Customer requirements from companies like Amazon and industry alliance like CTIA are covered. The document concludes with how manufacturers can respond by using Onward Security's security standards library and key factors for product security.
Towards 0-bug software in the automotive industryAshley Zupkus
What are the software safety and security standards that software developers in the automotive industry need to meet? How can safe, secure code be developed in accordance with the industry norms like ISO 26262, ISO 21434, and SOTIF? Experts specialized in the automotive industry will answer all your questions in this webinar dedicated to automotive software safety and security.
1. Latest safety and security standards for automotive software (ISO 26262, ISO 21434, and SOTIF) and how they impact software developers' work - Amin Amini, CertX
2. How to implement coding best practices to ensure the highest levels of safety & security in software in autonomous vehicles - Arnaud Telinge, EasyMile
3. How can code analysis tools be leveraged to help reach ISO 26262 and ISO 21434 demands more efficiently - Fabrice Derepas, TrustInSoft
Health Informatics – Application of Clinical Risk Management to the Manufacture and Deployment of Health Software. Thick M. eHealth week 2010 (Barcelona: CCIB Convention Centre; 2010)
A Big Picture of IEC 62443 - Cybersecurity Webinar (2) 2020Jiunn-Jer Sun
• Why An Industrial Cybersecurity Standard
• What Is IEC 62443 About
• How It Impacts On You - The Security Lifecycle
• IEC 62443 Certificates
• Reference: Some Ongoing Projects
• Summary
Comparative study of Cyber Security Assessment ToolsIRJET Journal
This document provides a comparative study of cyber security assessment tools. It begins with an introduction that outlines how organizations face constant cyber threats and the need for routine cyber security audits. It then discusses best practices for cyber security audits, including performing security assessments, having incident response plans, prioritizing risks, integrating security into monitoring, and automating threat detection. The document also outlines the classification of security audit tools and provides examples like network mapping tools, perimeter security tools, and vulnerability scanning tools. It provides details on specific network mapping tools and their features.
Safety-Certifying Open Source Software: The Case of the Xen HypervisorStefano Stabellini
Safety is important to software everywhere human lives are at risk. In these environments often safety-certifications are required to ensure that the quality of the software is high enough to minimize the risk of harm to humans. Safety-certifications such as ISO 26262 come with a series of requirements and processes that sometimes clash with well-established Open Source software development practices. How do we reconcile safety-certifications with Open Source? This presentation will provide an answer to that question. Taking Xen as an example of an Open Source project with a rich 15+ years history, this presentation will explain the best way to match Open Source activities with safety-certification requirements. It will discuss the role of the upstream community and downstream vendors in achieving compliance with ISO 26262 and IEC 61508. It will go through the changes to Xen Project processes already underway and the ones planned for the future to align the Xen hypervisor with safety-certifications. The talk will cover MISRA, traceability, testing, etc., and the latest updates from the Xen FuSa working group.
This document provides an overview of functional safety. It begins with definitions of functional safety and discusses relevant standards like IEC 61508. It then explains the functional safety lifecycle and certification process. This includes performing a hazard and risk analysis, defining safety requirements, and conducting audits. Examples of functional safety products are also provided. The document discusses how functional safety applies to electrical and programmable electronic safety systems and their role in risk reduction. It outlines approaches to achieve hardware safety integrity through techniques like redundancy, detection, and reliability.
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR IMPLEMENTING WLAN SECURITY AM Publications
This paper presents various security features and configurations commonly implemented in WLANs and their aggregated security levels and then proposes a model that enables implementation and evaluation of WLAN security
Digital Procurement in the Nuclear Industry: Tips on Embracing New TechnologiesATC
Digital procurement is nothing to be afraid of. Programmable components are creeping (sometimes unexpectedly) into many devices used by the nuclear industry. It is time for the industry to embrace this technology. To help, here are some pointers for your consideration. Presented by Andrew Nack, PE, Senior Instrumentation & Controls Engineer, ATC Nuclear, on Feb. 10 at the EPRI Procurement Forum in Williamsburg, VA.
Practical Advice for FDA’s 510(k) Requirements.pdfICS
Don’t miss this important webinar with partners BG Networks and Trustonic, which serves as a roadmap for medical device manufacturers to navigate the complex landscape of FDA requirements and implement effective cybersecurity measures.
Requirements Engineering Methods for Documenting Requirements (lecture slides)Dagmar Monett
Online lecture at the School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, as part of the 11th Europe Week from 2nd to 6th March 2015.
Modelling Software Requirements: Important diagrams and templates (lecture sl...Dagmar Monett
Online lecture at the School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, as part of the 11th Europe Week from 2nd to 6th March 2015.
The document provides guidance on how to effectively review software requirements as a stakeholder. It outlines an 8-step process for stakeholders to (1) identify their key objectives and problem areas, (2) prioritize problems, (3) link project goals to problems, (4) code objectives and problems, (5) annotate each requirement with relevant codes and ratings, (6) identify any important issues not addressed, and (7) provide feedback to the project team. Going through these steps helps stakeholders focus on requirements that matter most to their needs and provides a way to assess how well a project will meet objectives and address key problems.
Requirements engineering with UML [Software Modeling] [Computer Science] [Vri...Ivano Malavolta
This presentation is about a lecture I gave within the "Software Modeling" course of the Computer Science bachelor program, of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
The document describes key requirements engineering processes including feasibility studies, requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation, and requirements management. It discusses techniques for gathering requirements such as interviews, scenarios, use cases, and ethnography. It also covers validating requirements through reviews and prototyping to ensure the defined requirements meet customer needs.
The document provides information about changes to the ISO/TS 16949 Rules 4th Edition from Charles Blair, the Automotive Program Manager for DQS-UL Group. Some key changes include increased focus on process performance, tracking customer complaints, auditing shift transitions, and ensuring all processes are covered across all shifts. The rules also clarify audit planning requirements, nonconformity management, and certificate structure/content. Clients can expect impacts in areas like audit preparation, conduct, nonconformity management, and certification.
Software Requirements Specification on Student Information System (SRS on SIS)Minhas Kamal
The document summarizes the inception phase of requirements engineering for developing a Student Information System for the Institute of Information Technology at the University of Dhaka. Key activities in the inception phase included identifying stakeholders such as students, faculty, administrators and alumni; eliciting their requirements through discussions; identifying common and conflicting requirements; and prioritizing requirements to develop an initial set of requirements for the system.
The document discusses the upcoming changes to the IATF 16949 standard, which will be published in October 2016. Some key points:
- IATF 16949:2016 will supersede ISO/TS 16949:2009 as the automotive quality management system standard.
- Organizations certified to ISO/TS 16949:2009 will need to successfully transition to IATF 16949:2016 by September 2018.
- IATF 16949:2016 will be aligned with ISO 9001:2015 and implemented as a supplement to that standard. It will include additional automotive industry requirements.
software development, process model, requirement engineering, srs, structured...Ashok Mohanty
This document provides an overview of software engineering. It begins by discussing the emergence of software engineering as a discipline due to the "software crisis" of the 1970s. It then covers various software engineering processes and lifecycle models, including sequential models like waterfall and iterative models like prototyping and spiral. Requirements engineering methods like elicitation, analysis and specification are also summarized. Finally, it discusses the function-oriented and object-oriented approaches to software development.
The document discusses requirements analysis, which involves understanding customer needs and expectations for a proposed system. Requirements analysis is necessary to ensure projects align with business goals and specifications. The requirements analysis process includes identifying system boundaries, customers, eliciting requirements through stakeholder interviews, analyzing requirements, documenting requirements in a specification, and managing evolving requirements. An effective software requirements specification establishes agreement between customers and developers on system functionality.
An Introduction to Software Failure Modes Effects Analysis (SFMEA)Ann Marie Neufelder
Software Failure Modes Effects Analysis (SFMEA) is an effective tool for identifying what software applications should NOT do. Software testing is often focused on nominal conditions and often doesn't discover serious defects.
Requirements engineering process in software engineeringPreeti Mishra
Requirement Engineering (RE) involves understanding what customers want through tasks like elicitation, negotiation, and specification. RE helps establish requirements that provide a solid foundation for design and construction. The key RE tasks are inception to understand the problem, elicitation by drawing out requirements, elaboration by creating analysis models, negotiation to agree on a realistic solution, specification to formally describe requirements, validation to check for errors or issues, and management of changing requirements. RE helps software engineers better understand problems to solve through participation with customers, managers, and end users.
This document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) cybersecurity compliance solutions and international security standards and certifications. It provides an overview of regulations and standards in the US and EU, including the EU Cybersecurity Act, ETSI EN 303 645, and FDA guidance on medical device cybersecurity. International security certifications like Common Criteria, FIPS 140-3, and IEC 62443 are summarized. Customer requirements from companies like Amazon and industry alliance like CTIA are covered. The document concludes with how manufacturers can respond by using Onward Security's security standards library and key factors for product security.
Towards 0-bug software in the automotive industryAshley Zupkus
What are the software safety and security standards that software developers in the automotive industry need to meet? How can safe, secure code be developed in accordance with the industry norms like ISO 26262, ISO 21434, and SOTIF? Experts specialized in the automotive industry will answer all your questions in this webinar dedicated to automotive software safety and security.
1. Latest safety and security standards for automotive software (ISO 26262, ISO 21434, and SOTIF) and how they impact software developers' work - Amin Amini, CertX
2. How to implement coding best practices to ensure the highest levels of safety & security in software in autonomous vehicles - Arnaud Telinge, EasyMile
3. How can code analysis tools be leveraged to help reach ISO 26262 and ISO 21434 demands more efficiently - Fabrice Derepas, TrustInSoft
Health Informatics – Application of Clinical Risk Management to the Manufacture and Deployment of Health Software. Thick M. eHealth week 2010 (Barcelona: CCIB Convention Centre; 2010)
A Big Picture of IEC 62443 - Cybersecurity Webinar (2) 2020Jiunn-Jer Sun
• Why An Industrial Cybersecurity Standard
• What Is IEC 62443 About
• How It Impacts On You - The Security Lifecycle
• IEC 62443 Certificates
• Reference: Some Ongoing Projects
• Summary
Comparative study of Cyber Security Assessment ToolsIRJET Journal
This document provides a comparative study of cyber security assessment tools. It begins with an introduction that outlines how organizations face constant cyber threats and the need for routine cyber security audits. It then discusses best practices for cyber security audits, including performing security assessments, having incident response plans, prioritizing risks, integrating security into monitoring, and automating threat detection. The document also outlines the classification of security audit tools and provides examples like network mapping tools, perimeter security tools, and vulnerability scanning tools. It provides details on specific network mapping tools and their features.
Safety-Certifying Open Source Software: The Case of the Xen HypervisorStefano Stabellini
Safety is important to software everywhere human lives are at risk. In these environments often safety-certifications are required to ensure that the quality of the software is high enough to minimize the risk of harm to humans. Safety-certifications such as ISO 26262 come with a series of requirements and processes that sometimes clash with well-established Open Source software development practices. How do we reconcile safety-certifications with Open Source? This presentation will provide an answer to that question. Taking Xen as an example of an Open Source project with a rich 15+ years history, this presentation will explain the best way to match Open Source activities with safety-certification requirements. It will discuss the role of the upstream community and downstream vendors in achieving compliance with ISO 26262 and IEC 61508. It will go through the changes to Xen Project processes already underway and the ones planned for the future to align the Xen hypervisor with safety-certifications. The talk will cover MISRA, traceability, testing, etc., and the latest updates from the Xen FuSa working group.
This document provides an overview of functional safety. It begins with definitions of functional safety and discusses relevant standards like IEC 61508. It then explains the functional safety lifecycle and certification process. This includes performing a hazard and risk analysis, defining safety requirements, and conducting audits. Examples of functional safety products are also provided. The document discusses how functional safety applies to electrical and programmable electronic safety systems and their role in risk reduction. It outlines approaches to achieve hardware safety integrity through techniques like redundancy, detection, and reliability.
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR IMPLEMENTING WLAN SECURITY AM Publications
This paper presents various security features and configurations commonly implemented in WLANs and their aggregated security levels and then proposes a model that enables implementation and evaluation of WLAN security
Digital Procurement in the Nuclear Industry: Tips on Embracing New TechnologiesATC
Digital procurement is nothing to be afraid of. Programmable components are creeping (sometimes unexpectedly) into many devices used by the nuclear industry. It is time for the industry to embrace this technology. To help, here are some pointers for your consideration. Presented by Andrew Nack, PE, Senior Instrumentation & Controls Engineer, ATC Nuclear, on Feb. 10 at the EPRI Procurement Forum in Williamsburg, VA.
Practical Advice for FDA’s 510(k) Requirements.pdfICS
Don’t miss this important webinar with partners BG Networks and Trustonic, which serves as a roadmap for medical device manufacturers to navigate the complex landscape of FDA requirements and implement effective cybersecurity measures.
The document describes the IEEE/EIA 12207 standard which establishes a common framework for software life cycle processes. It outlines 17 processes that are divided into 5 primary processes, 8 supporting processes, and 4 organizational processes. The primary processes are acquisition, supply, development, operation, and maintenance. The supporting processes aid the primary processes. The organizational processes are employed by an organization to establish and improve the life cycle processes.
Framework for Safety Critical System Softwareijtsrd
U R Rao Satellite Centre URSC is the lead centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation in the development and operationalisation of satellites for communication, navigation and remote sensing applications. It also has launched many interplanetary missions. Now execution of “GAGANYAAN†is planned in phase manner. In the initial phase, test vehicles will be used to demonstrate the abort capability during different phases of mission i.e. development and qualification testing of Crew Escape System CES and recovery. Subsequently, two unmanned flights are planned prior to human spaceflight to demonstrate the manned mission capabilities. As humans are involved software safety plays a critical role. Presently ISRO is having ISRO Software Process Document ISPD based on IEEE 12207 2015 framework for software life cycle activities. For Gaganyaan project considering safety in to picture additional software safety standard is brought out based on DO178C. To develop and certify safety critical software ISRO software control board has brought out the ISRO software safety standard for a transition from mission critical software to safety critical software development. This paper discusses how to incorporate safety and security standard in addition to the existing ISPD standard. Savitha. A | Sudeesh B "Framework for Safety Critical System Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43652.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/aerospace-engineering/43652/framework-for-safety-critical-system-software/savitha-a
The presentation describes how to conduct reliability planning and testing for software controlled electron-mechanical systems. It is based on working experience in US FDA, FCC and European CE regulated companies. The presentation provides practical and rational steps to improve product reliability and comply with applicable regulations.
研讨会简报介绍了如何进行软件控制的电子机械系统的可靠性规划和测试。它是基于在美国FDA,FCC和欧洲CE规管公司的工作经验。研讨会演示文稿提供仅结合实际,合理的措施来提高产品的可靠性,并遵守适用的法规.
This document discusses simulation-based software development for time-triggered communication systems like FlexRay, which are commonly used in automotive applications. It introduces an approach using the SIDERA simulation system to develop and test application software on simulated communication controllers. This allows accelerating the software development process by eliminating delays from compiling and loading code onto hardware and easing debugging in distributed real-time systems. The goal is to enable executing host applications on simulated FlexRay controllers without requiring actual hardware or modifying the original code.
SIMULATION-BASED APPLICATION SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT IN TIME-TRIGGERED COMMUNICA...IJSEA
This paper introduces a simulation-based approach for design and test of application software for timetriggered
communication systems. The approach is based on the SIDERA simulation system that supports
the time-triggered real-time protocols TTP and FlexRay. We present a software development platform for
FlexRay based communication systems that provides an implementation of the AUTOSAR standard
interface for communication between host application and FlexRay communication controllers. For
validation, we present an application example in the course of which SIDERA has been deployed for
development and test of software modules for an automotive project in the field of driving dynamics
control.
An Approach To Software Development Life CycleBettyBaker
The document describes the waterfall software development life cycle (SDLC) approach and a modified implementation of it. The waterfall approach consists of five phases: requirements, design, coding, testing, and maintenance. The modified approach combines the requirements and design phases into a systems engineering phase. It also implements coding in mini code locks with testing after each lock rather than once at the end. Both aim to systematically structure the development process.
UVM BASED REUSABLE VERIFICATION IP FOR WISHBONE COMPLIANT SPI MASTER COREVLSICS Design
The System on Chip design industry relies heavily on functional verification to ensure that the designs are bug-free. As design engineers are coming up with increasingly dense chips with much functionality, the functional verification field has advanced to provide modern verification techniques. In this paper, we
present verification of a wishbone compliant Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Master core using a System Verilog based standard verification methodology, the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM). The reason for using UVM factory pattern with parameterized classes is to develop a robust and reusable
verification IP. SPI is a full duplex communication protocol used to interface components most likely in embedded systems. We have verified an SPI Master IP core design that is wishbone compliant and compatible with SPI protocol and bus and furnished the results of our verification. We have used
QuestaSim for simulation and analysis of waveforms, Integrated Metrics Center, Cadence for coverage analysis. We also propose interesting future directions for this work in developing reliable systems.
UVM BASED REUSABLE VERIFICATION IP FOR WISHBONE COMPLIANT SPI MASTER COREVLSICS Design
The System on Chip design industry relies heavily on functional verification to ensure that the designs are bug-free. As design engineers are coming up with increasingly dense chips with much functionality, the functional verification field has advanced to provide modern verification techniques. In this paper, we
present verification of a wishbone compliant Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Master core using a System Verilog based standard verification methodology, the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM). The reason for using UVM factory pattern with parameterized classes is to develop a robust and reusable
verification IP. SPI is a full duplex communication protocol used to interface components most likely in embedded systems. We have verified an SPI Master IP core design that is wishbone compliant and compatible with SPI protocol and bus and furnished the results of our verification. We have used
QuestaSim for simulation and analysis of waveforms, Integrated Metrics Center, Cadence for coverage analysis. We also propose interesting future directions for this work in developing reliable systems.
Similar to Software Requirements for Safety-related Systems (20)
Color me intrigued: A jaunt through color technology in videoVittorio Giovara
Here are my slides from Demuxed 2017.
This talk aims to shed light on colorspaces - what they are, how and why they work, why we should care about handling edge cases properly. Starting with historical design choices, venturing through current standards such as BT.709, and arriving at modern times with High Dynamic Range, the focus will be on practical applications on the web and in broadcast.
An overview on 10 bit video: UHDTV, HDR, and coding efficiencyVittorio Giovara
In the past few years, the industry has been trying to improve the end user experience to have a higher spatial (pixels), temporal
(framerate) and spectral (bitdepth) resolution. In this talk, we will
explore the high-bitdepth element of this improved user experience.
Technically, this is usually referred to as 10-bit video, since,
historically, the video user experience has been largely based on a
8-bit world. We will explain marketing terms like HDR, UHDTV, explore high bitdepth-support in commonly used video coding software, and showcase how these work together to improve your video coding efficiency and end user experience.
This presentation will involve a few techniques and tricks to reverse engineer multimedia applications, with focus on video decoding.
Reverse engineering is simpler than it looks like: while it's true that there are so many different kinds of audio and video files, there are lots of ways to read them, and make them work with existing software.
During this talk, we will discuss about the ethics, and the motivation behind reverse engineering, and why it is important. We will also analyze a few video technologies, as introduction, and explain the basic hacking techniques, with some practical cases from the real world.
You will be surprised how most techniques do not require any particular tool, except, perhaps, a brain.
These are the slides used for presenting "La differenziazione geografica della regolamentazione nei mercati d’accesso alla rete fissa" by Edoardo Bartoccetti, Davide Bozza, Michele Gennaro, Antonio Giordano, Vittorio Giovara and Francesco Puntillo.
By Alberto Trivero, one slideshow of his presentation at the SMAU 2007; it's about quantistic cryptography, theoretic physics applied to computer science. Nice work and welcome abroad!
Fuzzing Techniques for Software Vulnerability DiscoveryVittorio Giovara
Here's the set of slides for a conference held by Alberto Trivero. He describes the modern fuzzing methods used to find bugs and vulnerabilities in
software!
Parallel and Distributed Computing on Low Latency ClustersVittorio Giovara
This document summarizes work on parallelizing and distributing computation on a low latency cluster using OpenMP and MPI over Infiniband. The key strategies involved installing optimized Linux, compilers, and Infiniband drivers, then adding OpenMP and MPI directives to parallelize a micromagnetics simulation software. Results showed OpenMP provided 6-8x speedup, MPI 2x, and combined OpenMP and MPI provided 14-16x speedup, reducing computation time by 76%. Future work involves further parallelization and algorithm optimization.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
1. Outline
Introduction
Development of the overall safety requirements
Verification
Further readings
Software Requirements for
Safety-Related Systems
Vittorio Giovara
Politecnico di Torino
Software Engineering
16/04/2008
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
2. Outline
Introduction
Development of the overall safety requirements
Verification
Further readings
Creative Common Licence v3.0 Attribution - ShareAlike
You are free
to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work
to make derivative works
to make commercial use of the work
Under the following conditions
Attribution. You must give the original author credit.
Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work,
you may distribute the resulting work only under a license
identical to this one.
For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to oth-
ers the license terms of this work.
Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from
the copyright holder.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
3. Outline
Introduction
Development of the overall safety requirements
Verification
Further readings
You can read more about this licence here
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Corrections, suggestions, contributions and
translations are welcome!
Document revision 1.0
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
4. Outline
Introduction
Development of the overall safety requirements
Verification
Further readings
1 Introduction
Safety-Related Systems
The International Electrotechnical Commission
Safety Lifecycle
Software Process
2 Development of the overall safety requirements
Overview
Specification
Planning
Design and Development
Validation
3 Verification
Objective
Functional Requirements
Non-functional requirements
4 Further readings
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
5. Outline
Safety-Related Systems
Introduction
The International Electrotechnical Commission
Development of the overall safety requirements
Safety Lifecycle
Verification
Software Process
Further readings
IEC-61508
These slides provide a schematical overview of the Functional
and non-Functional Requirements for software programs
adherent to the IEC- 61508 standard for safety-related software
systems.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
6. Outline
Safety-Related Systems
Introduction
The International Electrotechnical Commission
Development of the overall safety requirements
Safety Lifecycle
Verification
Software Process
Further readings
What is IEC?
International Electrotechnical Commission
The IEC is a not-for-profit, non-governmental international standards
organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for
all electrical, electronic and related technologies - collectively known
as electrotechnology. IEC standards cover a vast range of
technologies from power generation, transmission and distribution to
home appliances and office equipment, semiconductors, fibre optics,
batteries, solar energy, nanotechnology and marine energy as well as
many others. The IEC also manages conformity assessment
schemes that certify whether equipment, systems or components
conform to its International Standards. The IEC publishes standards
with the IEEE and develops standards jointly with the ISO as well as
the ITU.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
7. Outline
Safety-Related Systems
Introduction
The International Electrotechnical Commission
Development of the overall safety requirements
Safety Lifecycle
Verification
Software Process
Further readings
Realisation Phase
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
8. Outline
Safety-Related Systems
Introduction
The International Electrotechnical Commission
Development of the overall safety requirements
Safety Lifecycle
Verification
Software Process
Further readings
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
9. Outline
Safety-Related Systems
Introduction
The International Electrotechnical Commission
Development of the overall safety requirements
Safety Lifecycle
Verification
Software Process
Further readings
The V model
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
10. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Software configuration management
appliance of administrative and technical controls
throughout the software safety lifecycle;
guarantee of achievement of all the required software
safety rules;
mantainance of all the configuration items for the saftety
related system;
documentation of formal releases.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
11. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Lifecycle requirements
select and specify a safety lifecycle;
integrate safety and quality assurance procedures into
lifecycle activities;
divide into elementary activities every phase, specifying
scope, inputs and outputs for each phase;
use appropriate techniques and measures for each
lifecycle phase;
document the results of each activity of the software safety
lifecycle;
repeat any previous phase if a phase is changed in the
software safety lifecycle.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
12. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Functional Requirements
the software developer must consider the following:
1 safety functions;
2 configuration or architecture of the system;
3 hardware safety integrity requirements;
4 software safety integrity requirements.
the specified requirements for software safety must be
expressed and structured so that they are:
1 clear, precise, unequivocal, verifiable, testable, mantainable
and feasable, commensurate with the safety integrity level;
2 traceable back to the specification of the safety
requirements of the safety-related system;
3 free of terminology and description which are ambiguous
and/or not understood by those who will utilize the
document at any stage of the software safety lifecycle.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
13. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
all releveants modes of operation of the software must be
detailed in the specified requirements for software safety;
the software requirements specification must specify and
document any safety-related or relevant constraints
vetween the hardware and the software;
the software safety requirements specification must
express the required safety properties of the product, but
not of the project.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
14. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Non-Functional Requirements
the software developer should consider the following:
1 capacity and response time performance;
2 equipment and operator interfaces.
the specification of the requirements should be detailed to
allow following phases to achieve the required safety
integrity;
the software developer should establish procedure for
resolving any disagreeents over the assignment of the
software safety integrity level;
when the system is perfoming non-safety functions, the
software requirements should clearly identify the running
functions;
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
15. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
the software safety requirements specification should
consider the following:
1 software self-monitoring;
2 monitoring of the programmable electronics hardware,
sensors and actuators;
3 periodic testing of safety functions while the system is
running;
4 enabling saftey functions to be testable when the software
is operational.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
16. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Functional Requirements
the planning for validating the software safety must
consider the following:
1 identification of the relevant modes of the software
requirement operation, including:
- preparation for use including setting and adjustment;
- start up; teach; automatic; manual; semi-automatic; steady
state of operation;
- re-setting; shut down; mantainance;
- reasonably foreseeable abnormal conditions.
2 identification of the safety-related software which needs to
be validated for each mode of operation before
commissioning commences;
3 the pass/fail criteria;
4 the policies and procedures for evaluating the results of the
validation, particularly failures;
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
17. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
planning must be carried out to specify the steps, both
procedural and technical, that will be used to demonstrate
that the software satisfies its saftey requirements;
the technical strategy for the validation of safety-related
software must include the following information:
1 choice of manual or automated techniques or both;
2 choice of static or dynamic techniques or both;
3 choice of analytical or statistical techniques or both;
the pass/fail criteia for accomplishing software must
include:
1 the required input signals with their sequences and their
values;
2 the anticipated output signals with their sequences and
their values;
3 other acceptance criteria (like memory usage, timing and
value tolerance).
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
18. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Non-Functional Requirements
the planning for validating the software safety should
consider the following:
1 details of when the validation shall take plaace;
2 details of those who will carry out the validation;
3 the technical strategy for the validation;
4 specific reference to the specific requirements for software
safety;
5 the required environment in which the validation activities
are to take place.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
19. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Objectives
- create a software architecure that fulfils the specified
requirements for the software safety with respect to the required
safety integrity level;
- review and evaluate the requirements placed on the hardware
architecture of the safety-related system;
- select a suitable set of tools, like languages and compilers for
the required integrity level;
- design and implement software that fulfils the specified
requirements for the software safety with respect to the required
safety integrity level, which is capeable of being safely modified;
- verify that the requirements for software safety have been
achieved.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
20. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Functional Requirements
the design method must possess features that facilitate:
1 abstraction, modularity and other features to control
complexity;
2 the expession of:
- functionality
- information flow betwwn components
- sequencing and time related information
- timing constraints
- concurrency
- data structures and their properties
- design assumptions and their dependencies
3 comprehension by developers and others who need to
understand the design;
4 verification and validation;
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
21. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
when the software is implemented with both safety and
non-safety functions, then all of the software must be
treated as safety-related;
when the software is implemented with safety functions of
different safety integrity levels, then all of the software must
be treated as belonging to the highest safety integrity level;
the software design must include (accordingly with the
safety integrity level) self-monitoring of control flow and
data flow; on failure detection appropriate actions must be
taken;
if standard or previously developed software is used in the
design phase, then it must be clearly identified and respect
the requirements of the current system;
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
22. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
a suitable set of integrated tools must be selected for the
required safety integrity level; such tools include:
- languages
- compilers
- configuration
- management tools
- automatic testing tools (when applicable)
the programming language chosen for the desing must:
1 have a translator/compiler with a certificate validation to a
recognised national or internation standard;
2 be completely and unambiguously defined or restricted to
clearly defined fetures;
3 match the characteristics of the application;
4 contain features that facilitate the detection of programming
mistakes;
5 support features that match the design method.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
23. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
the source code must:
1 be readable, understandable and testable;
2 satisfy the specified requirements for software module
design;
3 satisfy the specified requirements of the coding standards;
4 satisfy all relevant requirements specified during safety
planning.
the specified software integration tests must specify the
following:
1 the division of the software into manageable integration
sets;
2 tests cases and test data;
3 types of tests to be perfomed;
4 test environment, tools, configuration and programs;
5 test criteria on which the completion of the test will be
judged;
6 procedures for corrective action on failure of test.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
24. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
each software module must be tested as specified during
software design and consequentely documented;
software integration tests must be specified concurrently
during the design and development phase.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
25. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Non-Functional Requirements
depending on the nature of the software development,
responsibility for conformance with software design
requirements can rest with the supplier alone or with the
user alone or with both; the division o responsability should
be determined during safety planning;
testability and the capacity for safe modification should be
considered during the design activities in order to facilitate
implementation of these properties in the final system;
software modification should be allowed with modularity,
information hiding or encapsulation;
the design should include software functions to execution
proof test and all diagnostic tests;
each module of software code should be reviewed;
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
26. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
the coding standards should be reviewed and used for the
development of all safety-related software;
the coding stardards should specify good programming
practice, proscribe unsafe language features and specify
procedures for source code documentation;
appropriate software system integration tests should be
specified to ensure that the software systems satisfies the
specified requirements safety;
the result of software integration testing should be
documented, stating the test results and whether the
objectives and criteria of the test have been met;
in software integration, any modification or change to the
software should be subject to an impact analysis in order
to determine the impact on the other sofware modules and
the necessary re-verification and re-design activities.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
27. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Functional Requirements
the validation activities must be carried out as specified
during sofware safety validation planning;
the result of software safety validation must be
documented and mad available, outlining:
1 a chronological record of the validation activities;
2 the version of the software safety validation plan being
used;
3 the safety function being validated, together with reference
to the software afety validation plan;
4 tools and equipment used together with calibration data;
5 the results of the validation activity;
6 discrepancies between expected and actual results.
testing must be the main validation method for software;
animation and modelling may be used to supplement the
validation activities;
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
28. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
the software must be exercised by a simulation of:
1 input signals present during normal operation;
2 anticipated occurrences;
3 undesired condtion requiring system action.
all equipment used for validation must be qualified
according to a specification traceable to an internatation or
national standard;
equipment used for validation must be qualified
appropriately and any tools used (hardware or software)
must be proved suitable for the purpose.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
29. Outline Overview
Introduction Specification
Development of the overall safety requirements Planning
Verification Design and Development
Further readings Validation
Non-Functional Requirements
if the compliance with the requirements for sofware safety
has already been established, then the validation shouldn’t
be repeated;
when discrepancies occur between expected and actual
results, the analysis made and the decisions taken should
be documented as part of the results of the software safety
validation;
the tests should show that all the specified requirements
for software requirements are correctly performed and the
software system doesn’t preform unintended functions;
the documentated results should state either that the
software has passed the validation or the reason for its
failure.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
30. Outline
Introduction Objective
Development of the overall safety requirements Functional Requirements
Verification Non-functional requirements
Further readings
The objective of the requirements of this part is, to the extent
required by the safety integrity level, to test and evaluate the
outputs from a given software safety lifecycle phase to ensure
correctness and consistency with respect to the outputs and
standards provided as input to that phase.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
31. Outline
Introduction Objective
Development of the overall safety requirements Functional Requirements
Verification Non-functional requirements
Further readings
the software verification planning must refer to criteria,
techniques and tools addressing
1 the evaluation of the safety integrity requirements;
2 the section and documentation of verifiaction strategies,
activities and techniques;
3 the selection and utilisation of verification tools;
4 the evaluation of verification results;
5 the corrective actions to be taken.
after specifying the software safety requirements,
verification must
1 consider whether the specified requirements adequately
fulfil the requirements for functionality, safety integrity and
any other requirements for safety planning;
2 consider whether the software safety validation planning
adequately fulfils the specified software requirements.
3 check for incompatibilies between the specified safety
requirements and the software validation planning.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
32. Outline
Introduction Objective
Development of the overall safety requirements Functional Requirements
Verification Non-functional requirements
Further readings
after specifying the software system design, verification
must
1 consider whether the specified tests for integrtion
adequately fulfil the specified software system design;
2 consider whether the attributes of each major component of
the specified software system design are adequate with
respect to
- feasability for further verification
- testability for further verification
- readability by the development and verification team
- safe modificiation to permit further evolution
3 check for incompatibilies between the description of the
software system design and the specified tests of the
software system integration;
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
33. Outline
Introduction Objective
Development of the overall safety requirements Functional Requirements
Verification Non-functional requirements
Further readings
the verification of software must be planned concurrently
with the development for each pahse of the software safety
lifecycle and this infomration shall be documented;
the verification activities must include:
1 verification of software safety requirements;
2 verification of software architecture;
3 verification of software system design;
4 verification of software module design;
5 verification of code;
6 data verification;
7 software module testing;
8 software integration testing;
9 programmable electronics integration testing;
10 software safety requirements testsing (validation).
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
34. Outline
Introduction Objective
Development of the overall safety requirements Functional Requirements
Verification Non-functional requirements
Further readings
evidence should be documented to show that the phase
being verified has completely been satisfied;
all essential information from each phase of the software
safety lifcycle need for execution of the following phase
should be available and verofied; outputs include:
1 adequacy of the specification, design description or code in
the current phase for:
- functionality
- safety integrity
- performance
- readability by the development team
- testability for further verification
- safe modificiation to permit further evolution
2 adequacy of the validation planning and/or tests specified
for the current phase;
3 check for incompatibilies between the tests specified in the
current and the previouse phase and the outputs within the
current phase.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
35. Outline
Introduction Objective
Development of the overall safety requirements Functional Requirements
Verification Non-functional requirements
Further readings
after each verification, the correspondent documentation
should include:
1 identification of items to be verified;
2 identification of the information against which the
verification has been done;
3 non conformances.
the source code should be verified by static methods to
ensure conformance to the specified design of the
software module, the requred coding standards and the
requirements of safety planning.
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems
36. Outline
Introduction
Development of the overall safety requirements
Verification
Further readings
Please see as reference
http://www.iec.ch/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standards_
organization
International Standard, IEC 61508, Functional safety of
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related
systems, Part 3, First edition, 1998
Original document localized at
http://www.scribd.com/people/view/59403
Vittorio Giovara Software Requirements for Safety-Related Systems