This presentation is prepared with the objective of providing information on drug abuse and drug addiction to secondary level students. References has been taken from different slide available in slide share.

1. Drug abuse and Drug
addiction
Presenter
Jene Shrestha
Santosh Pahari
Master of Public Health
Pokhara University
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2. What are Drugs?
• Drugs are defined as a chemical substance other
than food that affects the normal function of the
body and mind when being taken in or applied to
the body.
• A drug is something that affects your body.
• Drugs pass through the body and interferes with
brain’s neurotransmitters.
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3. Classification Of Drugs
• Pharmaceutical drugs e.g. Aspirin, Paracetamol,
Brofin etc.
• Recreational drugs e.g. Alcohol, nicotine, and
caffeine etc.
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4. Definition
Drug Abuse:
• Drug abuse is the non permissive consumption of
certain substance that may lead to physical and
psychological dependence.
Drug Addiction
• Drug Addiction is a psychological and physical
inability to stop consuming a chemical, drug,
activity, or substance, even though it is causing
psychological and physical harm
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6. Commonly Abused Drugs
• Marijuana
• Cocaine
• Heroine
• Alcohol
• Prescription drugs
• Inhalant and solvents
“Sometimes sedatives, coffee, can all be used to
harmful excess.”
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7. Statement of the Problem
• More than a quarter of a billion people use drugs
globally
• It is estimated that in 2016 some 275 million
people worldwide had used drugs at least once in
the previous year (range: 204 million to 346
million).
• In 2016 13.8 million young people (mostly
students) aged 15–16 years used cannabis at least
once over the previous 12 months, equivalent to
5.6 per cent of the population in this age range.
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8. Statement of the Problem
According to WHO factsheet 2018, Nepal
• Tobacco kills 27137 people each year.(14.9% of all
death).
• Tobacco control is essential for preventing and
controlling deaths and disability caused by Cardio
Vascular Diseases(CVDs).
• 6 Millions current tobacco users and a substantial
number of people exposed to second hand smoke
are at increased risk of CVDs.
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9. Statement of the Problem
• Among Nepalese youth aged 13-15 years, the
prevalence of current tobacco use is 20.4% and the
prevalence of current cigarette use is 3.1%.(GYTS
2011)
• Overall 4.1% (male- 54%, female - 2.5%) students
out of 6000 approx were found to have ever used
marijuana one or more times during their life
• Overall 81.7% (male-81.1%, female-81.0%)out of
495 students were found to have used drugs
before age 14 years.
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10. 5 C’s of Addiction
1. Chronic
2. Loss of Control
3. Compulsion
4. Use despite negative consequences
5. cravings
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Video clip

11. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
• Curiosity
• Low Self-Esteem
• Peer Pressure
• Adult Modeling
• Boredom
• Feeling of Alienation
• Relief of Discomfort
• Depression
• Family Disruption or Dysfunction
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12. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
Curiosity-
• The desire to know about something. In this case,
knowing how do drugs affect one’s self.
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13. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
• Peer pressure- Since values are not just taught but
are also caught, the socialization process is also a
factor in drug abuse.
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14. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
• Adult modeling: Adults,
especially parents are
the children’s role
model whether it is for
good or not.
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15. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
• Low self-esteem-
– A person gets courage and confidence from a
particular drug that he or she is taking.
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16. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
• Boredom-
• Always remember, the devil’s
playground is an empty mind.
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17. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
• Feeling of
Alienation
• Sometimes, people
especially
teenagers or even
young adults feel
that they are
casted out of a
group. So they will
find a way for
them to be “in
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18. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
Relief of Discomfort
• Discomfort may be in a form of problems and
burdens in workplace, school and family
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19. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
• Depression- state of mind of where a person
cannot enjoy because his situation is so difficult or
unpleasant.
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20. Why Adolescent Abuse Drugs?
• Disruption of Family: Broken or dysfunctional
family and families with migrants may lead to drug
abuse.
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21. Signs of Drug Abuse
Physical Warning
• Bloodshot eyes
• Pupils larger or smaller than usual
• Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
• Sudden weight loss or weight gain
• Deterioration of physical appearance
• Unusual smells on breath
• Impaired coordination
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22. Signs of Drug Abuse
Behavioral Warnings
• Poor work
• Decline in performance
• Financial problems
• Secretive behaviors
• Sudden change in friends and associates
• Accident or trouble prone
• Lack of motivation and withdrawn
• Unexplained anxiety
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23. Effects of Drug Abuse
A. To one’s self
• Changes in physical and psychological aspects
Drug abuse leads to:
• Loss of coordination
• Poor judgment
• Slowed reflexes
• Distorted vision
• Memory loss
• Death
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24. Effects Of Drug Abuse:
B. To Family
• Dysfunction of The Family
• Disregarding Family’s Needs
• Feelings of Abandonment
• Anxiety
• Fear
• Anger
• Embarrassment or Guilt
• Family May Wish To Ignore or Cut Ties With The
Person Abusing Substances
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25. Effects Of Drug Abuse:
C. To the Community
• Higher Crime rate
• Economic consequences
• More public service demand
• loss of fame/reputation
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26. Effects Of Drug Abuse:
 Health Complications
• Drug and alcohol use impacts nearly every part of
body from heart to bowels.
• Substance abuse can lead to abnormal heart rates
and heart attacks, and injecting drugs can result in
collapsed veins and infections in heart valves.
• Some drugs can also stop bones from growing
properly, while others result in severe muscle
cramping and general weakness.
• Using drugs over a long period of time will also
eventually damage kidneys and liver.
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27. Effects of Drug Abuse:
Infections
• Having unprotected sex under the influence of
drugs or alcohol increases chances of contracting
a sexually transmitted disease.
• Sharing the needles used to inject certain drugs
result in diseases like hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and
HIV.
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28. Effects of Drug Abuse:
Legal Consequences
• Drug and alcohol abuse not only has negative
effects on health but can also have legal
consequences.
• Use of illegal drugs
• Theft and robbery
result in legal
consequences
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29. Effects of Drug Abuse:
Financial Problems
• Drugs and alcohol are expensive, especially when
you’re using a lot and constantly.
• Substance abuse also impacts on productivity and
success at work and in academic sector.
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30. Prevention and Control
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31. Prevention and Control
 Avoid undue Peer Pressure
• A child should not be pressed unduly to do
beyond his/ her capacities, be it studies, sports etc.
 Education and counseling Organizing Youth
Centers
• Drug addiction may be caused due to the feelings
of isolation, loneliness, anxiety etc. Hence, social
service organizations, and NGOs should establish
youth centers to overcome such feelings.
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32. Prevention and Control
 Seeking help from parents and peers:
• Whenever, there is any problem, one should seek help
and a guidance from parents and peers. Help should
be taken from close and trusted friends. This would
help young to share their feelings of anxiety and
wrong doings.
 Be bold and say no
 Alternate activity- joining sports or social activity,
it not only increases your social circle but also
improves your social esteem
 Avoid the situation where you know people will be
using drugs
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33. Prevention of Drug Abuse
1. Have a positive self esteem.
2. Be involved in worthwhile activities.
3. Have friends who do not abuse drugs.
4. Have a sense of accomplishment.
5. Have clearly defined goals.
6. Have healthy competition.
7. Be committed to follow rules and law.
8. Be reared in a loving and functional family.
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34. Conclusion
• Drug abuse is a serious psychosocial problem
often difficult to be cured. The best way to avoid
these tragedies is to never start taking drugs.
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35. Thank you !!!
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