This document summarizes the origins and early development of human society and government from 2.5 million years ago to around 3000 BC. It describes how early humans lived in tiny family bands without culture or government. Around 100,000 BC, the first simple societies began to form as hunter-gatherer bands grew into clans with division of labor and semi-permanent territories. By 15,000 BC, complex societies emerged with the agricultural revolution, allowing population growth and the rise of villages, towns and early civilizations along major rivers. Tribes became the dominant social organization, sometimes growing into chiefdoms or kingdoms ruled by monarchs by around 6000-3000 BC in places like ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.