The People of the Americas
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I. The document discusses the origins and spread of civilizations in ancient Mesoamerica and South America. Early hunter-gatherer societies emerged around 20,000 BCE and began cultivating crops like maize and potatoes by 5000 BCE, leading to more sedentary agricultural villages. The first complex chiefdoms and city-states emerged around 1200 BCE, most notably the Olmec civilization. II. Between 150-900 CE, major civilizations developed across Mesoamerica, including the large city of Teotihuacan in central Mexico and the Classic Maya civilization across southern Mexico and Central America, with dozens of city-states having thousands of inhabitants each. However, these declined between 700-900 CE likely
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The document summarizes four major Mesoamerican civilizations: the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. It describes their origins, geography, social structures, contributions to agriculture, calendars, and architecture. It also discusses how the Aztecs and Incas had powerful empires until they were conquered by the Spanish in the 15th-16th centuries.
Early Americans
The Mound Builders were Native American tribes that lived in the Midwest between 3000 BC and the 1700s who built thousands of earthen mounds for religious ceremonies, burials, and civic centers. One of the largest mounds, located in Ohio, was over 1,200 feet long and 20 feet wide. The largest Mound Builder city, Cahokia near St. Louis, was populated between 700-1400 AD and had a large pyramid mound at its center, surrounding a city of 10,000-20,000 people with rich cultural features.
Mesoamerican Pre-history
Mesoamerican pre-history discusses how the first humans arrived in North America around 12,000-15,000 years ago across the Bering Land Bridge, and later some may have arrived earlier by sea. The diverse North American environment led to distinct social structures and cultures, with over 400 languages spoken and extensive trade networks established by 1492. In Mesoamerica, people began settling in more permanent villages due to climatic changes and depletion of large mammals, and a new cultural stage emerged with the introduction of fishing, pottery making, farming of crops like maize, beans and squash, and hunting of smaller animals like deer and antelope.
The-Americas-Before-Columbus.ppt
The first Americans migrated across the Bering land bridge over 20,000 years ago. They hunted megafauna and adapted to climate changes by gathering and developing agriculture. Early civilizations like the Olmecs, Maya, Teotihuacan, and Toltecs arose in Mesoamerica, characterized by theocracies ruled by priests, calendars, pyramids, temples, and bloody human sacrifices. In South America, the Chavin, Incas, and other groups developed successful empires through trade, agriculture, and architecture like roads and terraces, with the Incas conquering a vast Andean region. North American cultures included the ancestral Puebloans, Mississippian mound builders
Chapter 1 The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492
Chapter 1 | The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492
CHAPTER 1
The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492
Chapter Outline
1.1 The Americas
1.2 Europe on the Brink of Change
1.3 West Africa and the Role of Slavery
Introduction
Globalization, the ever-increasing interconnectedness of the world, is not a new phenomenon,
but it accelerated when western Europeans discovered the riches of the East. During the
Crusades (1095–1291), Europeans developed an appetite for spices, silk, porcelain, sugar, and
other luxury items from the East, for which they traded fur, timber, and Slavic people they
captured and sold (hence the word slave). But when the Silk Road, the long overland trading
route from China to the Mediterranean, became costlier and more dangerous to travel, Europeans
searched for a more efficient and inexpensive trade route over water, initiating the development
of what we now call the Atlantic World.
In pursuit of commerce in Asia, fifteenth-century traders unexpectedly encountered a “New
World” populated by millions and home to sophisticated and numerous peoples. Mistakenly
believing they had reached the East Indies, these early explorers called its inhabitants Indians.
West Africa, a diverse and culturally rich area, soon entered the stage as other nations exploited
its slave trade and brought its peoples to the New World in chains. Although Europeans would
come to dominate the New World, they could not have done so without Africans and native
peoples.
1.1 The Americas
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
● Locate on a map the major American civilizations before the arrival of the Spanish
● Discuss the cultural achievements of these civilizations
● Discuss the differences and similarities between lifestyles, religious practices, and
customs among the native peoples
Chapter 1 | The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492
Between nine and fifteen thousand years ago, some scholars believe that a land bridge existed
between Asia and North America that we now call Beringia . The first inhabitants of what would
be named the Americas migrated across this bridge in search of food. When the glaciers melted,
water engulfed Beringia, and the Bering Strait was formed. Later settlers came by boat across the
narrow strait. (The fact that Asians and American Indians share genetic markers on a Y
chromosome lends credibility to this migration theory.) Continually moving southward, the
settlers eventually populated both North and South America, creating unique cultures that ranged
from the highly complex and urban Aztec civilization in what is now Mexico City to the
woodland tribes of eastern North America. Recent research along the west coast of South
America suggests that migrant populations may have traveled down this coast by water as well
as by land.
Researchers believe that about ten thousand years ago, humans also began the domestication of
plants and animals, a ...
The civilization in america
The document provides an overview of the early civilizations that developed in the Americas. It discusses the origins and migrations of early peoples to North and South America over land bridges, as well as the development of complex societies and states in Mesoamerica like the Olmec, Maya, and Aztec. It also summarizes the Inca civilization in South America and some of the early cultures that emerged in North America, including among the Anasazi, Mound Builders, along the Mississippi River, and in the Northwest Coast region.
La cul geo
The document summarizes the major indigenous civilizations in Latin America - the Maya, Aztec, and Inca. It then discusses the European colonization of the region by Spain, Portugal, England, and France. It notes the influences of African culture and the development of a mixed race population called Mestizos. The document concludes by covering current population trends in Latin America such as rapid urbanization, migration to cities and the US, and the growth of squatter settlements.
The civilization in america
This document provides an overview of early civilizations that developed in different regions of the Americas prior to European contact. It describes how indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica (Mexico, Central America), the Andes region of South America, and parts of North America established complex societies with distinctive cultures, religions, and political systems. Key civilizations discussed include the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. The document also notes how isolation led to diversity among the peoples and languages that emerged across the Americas over thousands of years.
The First Americans
Early humans first migrated to North America via a land bridge connecting Siberia to Alaska. The earliest civilizations arose in Mesoamerica, including the Olmec and Mayans who built pyramid structures and developed writing and calendars. In North America, societies like the Hohokam, Ancestral Puebloans, and Mound Builders constructed large settlements, farmed crops, and developed complex cultures before mysteriously declining between 900-1300 AD.
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Page 3
A CONTINENT OF CULTURES
Recent breakthroughs in archaeology and genetics have demonstrated that the first inhabitants of the
Americas arrived from Siberia at least 15,500 years ago BP.* Gradually these nomads filtered southward,
some likely following the Pacific coastline in small boats, others making their way down a narrow,
glacier–free corridor along the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains and onto the northern Great Plains.
There they found and hunted a stunning array of huge mammals, so–called megafauna. These animals
included mammoths that were twice as heavy as elephants, giant bison, sloths that were taller than
giraffes, several kinds of camels, and terrifying, 8–foot–long lions. Within a few thousand years the
descendants of these Siberians, people whom Columbus would wishfully dub “Indians,” had spread
throughout the length and breadth of the Americas.
nomad a member of a group of people who have no fixed home and who move about, usually seasonally,
in pursuit of food, water, and other resources.
Opinion
If your outstretched arm represented North America's human history, contact with Europe would happen
around the second knuckle of your index finger, with the fingertips being the present. Why do you think
students learn so little about the Americas before 1492?
This first colonization of the Americas coincided with, and perhaps accelerated, profound changes in the
natural world. The last Ice Age literally melted away as warmer global temperatures freed the great
reservoirs of water once locked in glaciers. A rise in sea levels inundated the Bering Strait, submerging
the land bridge and creating new lakes and river systems. The emergence of new ecosystems—climates,
waterways, and land environments in which humans interacted with other animals and plants—made for
ever–greater diversity. The first human inhabitants of the Americas had fed, clothed, warmed, and armed
themselves in part by hunting megafauna, and some combination of overhunting and climate change
resulted in the extinction of most of these giants by the end of the Ice Age. As glaciers receded and
human populations increased, the first Americans had to adapt to changing conditions. They adjusted by
hunting smaller animals with new, more specialized kinds of stone tools and by learning to exploit
particular places more efficiently.
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ecosystem a community and/or region studied as a system of functioning relationships between
organisms and their environments.
So it was that between 10,000 and 2,500 years ago distinctive regional cultures developed among the
peoples of the Americas. Those who remained in the Great Plains turned to hunting the much smaller
descendants of the now–extinct giant bison; those in the deserts of the Great Basin survived on small
game, seeds, and e.
Aztec, Inca, Maya- Civilizations
The document provides background information on three major civilizations in Central and South America from 2000 BC to the 16th century: the Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas. It discusses their empires, important cities, architecture, economies based on agriculture, and religious practices including human sacrifices. Key achievements included the Mayas' accurate calendar, the Aztecs' large empire and city of Tenochtitlan built on a lake, and the Incas' extensive road network and mountainside agriculture. All three civilizations introduced new crops to Europe and had social hierarchies and tax systems led by religious and wealthy elites.
Similar to The People of the Americas (20)
9.the americas a separate world 40000 bc to 700 ad
9.the americas a separate world 40000 bc to 700 ad
Chapter 1 The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492
Chapter 1 The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492
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8302015 IEB Wireframehttptextflow.mheducation.compar.docx
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Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications.
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20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications
Large Language Model (LLM) and it’s Geospatial Applications