This magazine was created by students of the bilingual section of the IES Arquitecto Pedro Gumiel school. It contains articles written by students about various topics covered in their social studies classes, including history, geography, and art. The teacher expresses pride in the students' hard work in creating thoughtful articles for the magazine over the course of the school year.

1. Created by the students of the bilingual section of ESO
Social studies Department
IES Arquitecto Pedro Gumiel
Year 2014-2015
DesigncreatedbyHéctorMartínez2nd
BESO

2. This magazine has been created with the enormous effort of the
students who attend some classes like Social Studies in English and put a
lot of thought into the topics explained along the year, not only about
history but also geography and art.
I cannot explain how proud I feel after seeing my pupils working so
hard in the great variety of articles suggested. They hurried up to email me
with drafts and questions and almost all have participated in the project.
I am hundred percent sure that they are aware of how much I like to
be involved in this kind of initiatives, especially if they come from the
department I belong to, so active and concerned, at the same time, about
the importance of developing critical thinking and creativity.
This is just a summary of the best works, but it has been a pleasure to
read all of them every trimester.
Hoping you enjoy the articles just say
THANKS

3. THE BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE
One of the biggest and important battles of Ancient Greece
The Battle of Thermopylae happened during the second Medical War. In the first
one Persia fought against Greece to conquer their land, but they were defeated in
Marathon battle, in 480 B.C. Persia, whose king was Jerjes, and Greece, with King
Leonidas I of Sparta fought because Persia wanted to conquer Greece. This happened in
the Passage of the Thermopylae, a very narrow way.
Persia had close to 300.000 soldiers and Greece about 7.000 soldiers. Persian
soldiers were almost all slaves, but the Greek ones were people that wanted to protect
their town. Along with this, Greeks were better trained and had better weaponry.
However, despite the Greek perseverance, Persian soldiers were more numerous. When
the battle started, more Persians were defeated than Greeks because of their weaponry,
but when the battle was going on, a man from Greece called Efialtes betrayed them. He
told Jerjes how to win them. Leonidas I died and Jerjes ordered to his soldiers to cut
Leonida’s head and show it on a spear.
Finally, Persia won but with a lot of effort because this battle lasted for three
long days fighting, fighting and fighting.
Lucía Iglesias Moreno
1st B ESO
IES Arquitecto Pedro Gumiel
Year 2014-2015

4. DID YOU HEAR THAT? IS THE EPIDAURUS THEATRE!
As it´s so well preserved and still has the
acoustics technology, you can go to it on a
trip and also see a play on it! As if you were
an Ancient Greek!
On the left side we can see a photograph of
the theatre.
By Samuel Laguna
1st
A ESO
IES Arquitecto Pedro Gumiel
Year 2014-2015
The Epidaurus Theatre is an Ancient Greek Theatre located on the fertile Argonid
plain in the eastern part of the Peloponnese Peninsula. Epidaurus was named after the hero
Epidaurus, son of Apollo, who was the god of music. Epidaurus also gave name to the
village near it, but it was dedicated to Dionysus. It was built around 340 and 300 B.C.
Among all Ancient Theatres, Epidaurus is the best preserved and also the most beautiful
one. Destined for the fun of the spectators, the Epidaurus Theatre had a capacity of about
13.000 spectators. There two main parts: 21 rows of seats for the citizens and 34 rows of
seats for the priests and rulers. But the most amazing thing about this theatre is their
acoustic technology: it was so well constructed and calculated for the show that if you
throw a coin in the middle of the stage it could be heard in all theatre! Many different
explanations have been proposed to explain why even at the last row it could be heard
clearly and well audible. But researchers today have now solved the mystery. As
suspected, the architecture of the auditorium allows the sound to be carried from the stage
to viewers sitting in the very back row.

5. This movie is based on the discovery of
America by the
Crown of Castilla.
Personally, it has
provided me with a
very different vision
from what I thought
before about this
historical event.
First, the main character of this story,
Christopher Columbus, is portrayed as a
man fascinated by the navigation and
the discovery of new territories, who
believes fervently in what he does.
When he reaches the New World,
named as the Paradise, Columbus shows
himself respectful to the people who
were originally born there, with their
beliefs and customs. The film also
focuses on the power that the nobility
had in this historical moment, as they
were able to annihilate a person, before
giving up their privileges. Another
figure that starts the film is the Queen
Isabella which is the artifice of the
success of the expedition, even after
facing opposition from the reports she
was given, and supporting Columbus
under any circumstance.
The film also illustrates the Native
American world, showing the culture
and style of life of the different tribes,
until the explorers and their soldiers
dramatically changed their habits and
beliefs. Good times never last forever.
Considering the cast I must mention the
extraordinary performance of Gerard
Depardieu. He interprets the role of an
explorer who constantly insists on
following his dream, as Marco Polo did
years before, when he reached China.
Maybe in the near future we would
become explorers. This is a great idea
but also a dangerous job.
By Rodrigo Moreno and Alba María
Martínez Cano
2nd B ESO
IES Arquitecto Pedro Gumiel
Year 2014-2015

6. The treaty of Alcaçovas: A solution for
various conflicts
This agreement was signed between, on one
hand, the Catholic monarchs of Castile and
Aragon, and, on the other hand, King Alfonso
V of Portugal and his son John. This treaty
ended the War of the Castilian Succession.
What was the War of the Castilian
Succession? After Henry IV of Castile died,
Isabella I of Castile (his stepsister) married
Ferdinand II of Aragon. Alfonso V of Aragon
married Joanna. This war was a military
conflict between the supporters of Isabella I of
Castile and Joanna de Trastámara (Henry’s
daughter) from 1475 to1479. Joanna’s
supporters invaded Castile and Alfonso V helped them to defend Joanna’s rights. It
ended in 1479, concluding Isabella and Ferdinand as rulers of Castile and Aragon, and
granted Portugal dominance over the Atlantic, except the Canary Islands. Joanna had
lost the right of ruling Castile and she stayed in Portugal until she died.
What did the treaty intend to regulate? The treaty consisted of the division of the
Atlantic Ocean and overseas territories into two zones of influence, the destiny of
Joanna de Trastámara, the contract of marriage between Isabella I and Alfonso of
Portugal and the pardon of the Castilian supporters of Joanna.
Overall, this treaty solved plenty of disputes among relatives, especially the War of
the Castilian Succession, which was the most important obstacle. However, neither
Portugal nor Castile gained better things because Portugal received many territories in
the Atlantic but Isabella I of Castile became queen.
By Charlotte Castellote and Cristina de la Vega 2nd A ESO
IES Arquitecto Pedro Gumiel
Year 2014-2015

7. Alcalá de Henares is a Spanish
city in the Autonomous Community of
Madrid. Its historical centre belongs to
the Unesco World Heritage Sites. It’s
also the third most populated city in its
community after Madrid and Móstoles.
It´s divided into five districts. Until
2007 there were nine districts, but, after
cutting expenses, they changed them
into five bigger ones.
In the middle of the photo we
find the city centre. It contains the old
town where the town hall is located, and
not so far away we find the train station.
It has an irregular plan with narrow and
short streets. One of its main buildings
is the University. It was built between
1537 and 1553 by Rodrigo Gil de
Hontañón and it is one of the oldest
universities in Europe.
To the south west of the image
we can see the second district. It was
built in 1950. However, it was
completed in 1965. It consists of an
industrial area in the north, with several
industrial parks, and a residential area in
the south with an irregular plan. There
is a main street crossing the
neighbourhood. This zone consists
mainly of working class people living in
low quality flats.
The western part of the map
shows the third district. Our high school
is placed in here. It is the least

8. populated district in the city because it
is mainly industrial. It contains the 70%
of the industrial areas in the city. It was
built in 1960 and due to the high
amount of population they built a new
neighbourhood called “La Garena”. The
old zone has an irregular plan while the
new one has an orthogonal plan with
detached houses.
At the top of the picture we can
observe the newest district. It was built
in 1990. It has an orthogonal plan with
long avenues. It is a residential area
with some green zones. It is crossed by
the A-2 motorway which divides the
district into two parts. The hospital and
some colleges are located here.
On the right side we can
distinguish the last district. It is one of
the oldest ones, it was built in 1940. It
has a wide variety of green zones next
to the river, as well as mostly all sport
infrastructures. It has also shopping
centres and the cinema.
By Alicia Hernández Huebra
3rd A ESO
IES Arquitecto Pedro Gumiel
Year 2014-2015