intro , Alternative ,Role ,Scientific community , Norms of scientific community , Process steps ,Methods , Element Of Inquiry , Feasibility , Review Of Literature , Steps Review Of Literature , ,Sources of review of literature ,Hypotheses Formulation , Sampling , Study Design , Measurement Level of social research.

2.  Social research refers to
 Search new thing systematically about social world
Produce and discover new knowledge
Follow rules & controlled
Combination of theories & ideas
Use imagination and creativity

3. These are most common alternative of social research
such as
1. Authority
(parents , teachers ,experts books etc)
2. Traditions
3. Common sense (Reasoning logical thinking)
4. Media myths
(Film ,newspapers,magzines )
5. Personal experiences

4. A. Social research present as a role of science.
B. It use scientific approaches.
C. Social sciences study behaviors ,beliefs ,interaction
and institution etc.
D. Scientific community played vital role in social
sciences .

5.  Scientific community refers to group of the
professional people whose share ethical principle
,behaviors ,attitudes and beliefs etc.
 Scientific community help the social researches to
maintain assumption, attitudes and technique of
science.

6. These are more considerable norms of scientific
community such as
1. Universalism
2. Organized skepticism
3. Disinterestedness
4. Communalism
5. Honesty

7.  Researcher follows such steps regarding its process
1) Choose topic
2) Focus on search question
3) Research design
4) Data collection
5) Analyze the data
6) Interpreted the data
7) Report others

8.  Two types of social research
1. Qualitative
2. Quantitative

9. Qualitative research Quantitative research
Measure social reality Measure
Few cases Many subjects
Analysis thematically Statistically analysis
Control situation Situation is independent
Researcher involvement Researcher not involve
Focus interactive process Focus on variable
Validity is key Reliability is key

10. Methods of social research has divided in applied and
pure research.
Pure research develop and testing the theories. It
applicable in future. It called basic research.
While applied research focus on social problems. It
areas of studies is social sciences.

11. These are element of inquiry of social research
1. Concept
(concept is mental images .It help to communicate
meaning. Basically concept present the reality. )
2. Conceptualization
( It refers to giving the meaning of concept.)

12. 3. Operationalization
( It basically specific. It defines what we want to
measure )
4. Variables
Any thing that we change called variable.
These are following types of variable such as
1.Depentdent variables
It present the effect of other variable.
2. Independent variable
it present effect on other variables.

13. 3. Control variable
It influence on dependent varriable.it also effect on validity
of studies.
4. Extraneous variable
It consider unpredictable. It also influence on dependent
variable. It mostly influence on dependent & independent
variable relationship such as air light temperature etc.
5. Moderator variable
It establish relation between depend and inadvertent
variable. it work as a bridge among them.

14. These are steps of social research such as
1) Asking the question
2) Identify important factors
3) Hypotheses formulate
4) Collecting data
5) Testing hypotheses
6) Work on the hypotheses
7) Reconsidering theory
8) Asking new queries

15. These are following such as
1. Time ( management the time considers important
feasibility)
2. Funds (it lead to conduct the research the
researchers)
3. Cooperation ( with teams or workers)
4. Availabity of subjects
5. Facilities ( equipments is important feasibility of a
research)
6. Scope of the problem (brooder or narrow)

16. Review of literature refers to evaluating the already
exist researchers or studies. The thing should be
considerable for researchers when they have taken
review of literature
 Systematic
 Significant
 Logical
 Explicit

17. These steps are
1) Formulate the idea
2) Collect data through secondary resources
3) Collect data through primary resources
4) Organize or arrange notes
5) Write the proposal

18.  These review of literature
1) Primary ( abstracts vernal )
2) Secondary ( review on literature books)
3) General ( newspaper magazines)

19.  Hypotheses refers to tentative explanation of phenomenon.
 These are more identify sources of of social resarch such as
culture science analogy culture individual etc.
 These are types of hypotheses
a) Null hypotheses (states no relationship difference b/w the
variable)
b) Correlative hypotheses ( states relationship difference b/w
the variables )
c) Directional hypotheses ( states the direction regarding
relation of the concepts)
d) Casual hypotheses ( states the cause relationship difference
b/w the variable )
e) Testable hypotheses ( test the or manipulate the variables)

20.  Sample and sampling has different to each others.
Sampling refers procedure to choose the subject
among the population.
Sample refers to subject that resarch researcher
collect the data from them.

21.  Such types of probability of sampling techniques
1. Simple (assign the number to the subject and
randomly select)
2. Systematic(Kth person select)
3. Stratified( select the subject from already existing
group)
4. Cluster (randomly choose subject from the a list)

22.  Such types of non-probability of sampling techniques
1) Convenience ( sect the subject that resarch easily
convent)
2) Quota (insect subject from predetermined group)
3) Purposive ( sect subject from in target population)
4) Snowball ( subject select on the base of connection)

23. Study design refers to overall strategy that use to
integrate different part of study.
 These are type of social resarch of study design
a) Explanatory ( base on researcher personal judgment
.Researcher present their own imaginations idea.
Researcher formulates hypotheses )
b) Descriptive (researcher describes situation. It basically
type)
c) Diagnostic (researcher finds the cause of problems)
d) Experimental (two group establish control and
experimental and result compare both of them. It help
to identify cause effect relationship.)

24. These tool are used for collecting the data for social
resarch
a) Case studies
b) Checklist
c) Interview
d) Observation
e) Questionnaire
f) Focus group discussions guides

25. These level of measurement
1. Nominal level
2. Ordinal level
3. Interval level
4. Ratio level