This is a lecture for PhD students at a summer school hosted by Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM www.iscram.org. This lecture covers social media and the information systems concepts that show how social media can support emergency management.

1. Social Media in Crisis Management ISCRAM Summer School 2011 By Connie White, Research Fellow Crisis Communications Research Proj ect School of Media Arts, Columbia College Chicago Tilburg,the Netherlands, August 17 – 24 http://www.iscram.org/live/summerschool2011 #issil2011

2. Social Networks have been around Family Friends Colleagues Volunteers CoWorkers First Responders Local Government Reflection of Society

3. “ We characterize a social network as links from people to other people, groups or information objects. Such objects may be messages, photos, videos, wall postings, notifications, current activities, events, widgets, etc. ” http://www.iscram.org/ISCRAM2009/papers/Contributions/163_An Online Social Network For Emergency_White2009.pdf 2009 - Connie White, Linda Plotnick, Jane Kushma, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, and Murray Turoff. An Online Social Network for Emergency Management. International Journal of Emergency Management 2009 - Vol. 6, No.3/4 pp. 369 - 382

5. @bendroz = a person has been mentioned

6. # hashtags are directing/retrieving the information and creating a single place for information

7. Link to a YouTube Video

8. Keywords used to describe the content = Video I Capture

9. How many Social Networking Sites?

10. http://www.slideshare.net/web2asia/web2asia-online-social-networks-in-china-presentation

12. http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2011/05/17/chinas-weibos-vs-uss-twitter-and-the-winner-is/

13. Following, Friends, Subscribing

14. Going Viral

15. Going Viral – On Steroids Weibo to Twitter to Youdu to Facebook to Tudou to YouTube to eMail to Xiaonei

17. Pamphlet Guide to Revolution in Egypt: How to Protest Intelligently by Long Live Egypt Saturday Jan 29th, 2011 4:39 PM http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/01/29/18670645.php?show_comments=1

19. White, C. Social Media, Crisis Communications and Emergency Management: Leveraging Web 2.0 Technology. Taylor & Frances, CRC Press, Sept. 2011

20. Social Media and False Rumors False rumors about Cosmo Oil spread after the earthquake History of ‘Disaster and Rumor’ started in the Roman era Deliberate false rumors Rumors from bias Rumors from misunderstanding Rumors from miscopy and omission Decreasing ambiguity as counter-rumor solution Importance of mass media Building a feeling of trust Sharing values with opponents Attitude of social media users affects false rumors False rumors about Cosmo Oil: Part II Social Media in Japan By 小林啓倫 Akihito Kobayashi

21. Citizens Will Give Bad Information! Not True!

22. Texas Border Security Trial Deployment of Border Cameras and the Birth of Long Tail Surveillance

23. The project generated the four rules of “long tail surveillance” 1) If it is on the Internet it will be viewed. 2) If it is on the Internet, it will be watched 24/7. 3) If viewers are provided a means to respond, they will respond. 4) The responses from the Internet will be self validating. Joel Aud. Case Study: The use of Web 2.0 Concepts/Techniques/Technology in Border Security. Chapter 8 contribution to Social Media, Crisis Communication, and Emergency Management: Leveraging Web 2.0 Technology , CRC Press, 2011.

24. S. Vieweg, L. Palen, S. Liu, A. Hughes, J. Sutton (2008). Collective Intelligence in Disaster: An Examination of the Phenomenon in the Aftermath of the 2007 Virginia Tech Shooting. Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference, Washington DC, USA, May 2008. “ Here, instead of rumor-mongering, we see socially-produced accuracy.” “ Of particular interest ... is the reference to the number of victims, and how this exchange once again establishes that these participants have the common goal of finding who the 32 victims are; reaching that goal is the purpose of this group”

25. Why is Social Media good to use for Crisis Management? Just luck!

26. What can Social Media do for Practitioners? Crisis Communications Information Flow, Timely & Accurate Information, Situational Awareness Knowledge Exchange between Crisis Management Experts. Human Resource Domain Driven Groups Connect and Network with Others Global Reach Notification System Educational Repository of Information Free and Easy

27. Decision Makers Need It

28. 5 Minute Fugate's Testimony Full http://www.c-span.org/Events/Senate-Homeland-Security-Hearing-on-Social-Media-as-Disaster-Communications-Tool/10737421355-1/

29. FEMA Director, Craig Fugate USA

30. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TAM_v1.svg Fun added to a later model...

31. DERMIS Turoff, M., Chumer, M., Van de Walle, B., Yao, X. (2004) The Design of a Dynamic Emergency Response Management Information System (DERMIS), Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA), Volume 5, Number 4, Summer, 2004, pp. 1-36. A Chinese translation of the DERMIS article by Song Y., Yao, X., and Wang, M. (2008)

32. Etienne Wenger “ Communities of practice are formed by people who engage in a process of collective learning in a shared domain of human endeavor. ” http://www.ewenger.com/theory/

34. The community: In pursuing their interest in their domain, members engage in joint activities and discussions, help each other, and share information. They build relationships that enable them to learn from each other.

35. The practice: Members of a community of practice are practitioners. They develop a shared repertoire of resources: experiences, stories, tools, ways of addressing recurring problems—in short a shared practice. This takes time and sustained interaction. http://www.ewenger.com/theory/

36. Wenger (2002) further describes CoPs as communities which: • Share information, insight, and advice; • Help each other solve problems; • Discuss situations, aspirations, and needs; • Ponder common issues; • Explore ideas and act as sounding boards; • Create tools, standards, generic designs, manuals, and other documents; • Are bound by values in learning together; • Develop, over time, a unique perspective on their topic as well as a body of common knowledge, practices, and approaches; • Develop personal relationships; • Exist as a group with both core members and occasional participants. Wenger, E., R. McDermott, and W.M. Snyder. 2002. Cultivating Communities of Practice. Harvard Business School Press

37. White, C. Natural Hazards Observer, Volume XXXV • Number 5, May 2011 http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/o/archives/2011/may11_observerweb.pdf Building Emergency Management Communities of Practice

38. http://www.internetworldstats.com/top20.htm

39. http://www.internetworldstats.com/facebook.htm

40. But can Social Media really help?

42. How to better “Connect crisis social data with decision makers who can act on it?” Suzy DeFrances, Red Cross

43. … And Not a Drop to Drink. Water, a Test for Emergency Managers Michael Byrne http://sdmi.lsu.edu/files/not_a_drop_to_drink.pdf

44. How to Tweak the Tweet http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLz4h8Xl0Uw

45. Ushahidi Incorporating SM Patrick Meier - Changing the World, One Map at a Time http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hh_PiVqf8BA&feature=player_embedded

46. Future Research? Artificial Intelligence, Human Intelligence, Machine Learning, What happened to 2 nd Life? ....and ideas?

47. http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/books/details/9781439853498/