This document outlines Ben Shneiderman's vision for using technology-mediated social participation to address important national priorities such as disaster response, community safety, health, energy, education, and the environment. It discusses developing theories of how social media networks evolve and increase participation. It also emphasizes providing scalable, reliable technology infrastructure that protects privacy and security. The document provides examples of using social media for various purposes and proposes developing network theories, motivating different levels of participation, and creating a shared technology infrastructure to realize the vision of social participation.

1. Technology-Mediated Social Participation Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.eduTwitter: @benbendcFounding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction LabProfessor, Department of Computer ScienceMember, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies

2. Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Info Studies - Psych, Socio, Poli Sci & MITH (www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)

3. Design IssuesInput devices & strategiesKeyboards, pointingdevices,voiceDirect manipulationMenus, forms, commandsOutput devices & formatsScreens, windows, color, soundText, tables, graphicsInstructions, messages, helpCollaboration &Social MediaHelp, tutorials, trainingSearchwww.awl.com/DTUIFifth Edition: 2010 VisualizationWikipedia

4. GoalApply social media to transform societyReduce deaths, medical errors, obesity & smokingPromote energy conservationPrevent disasters & terrorismIncrease community safetyImprove education Facilitate good governmentResolve conflicts

5. ChallengesMalicious attacks Privacy violationsNot trusted Fails to be universalUnreliable when needed Misuse by Terrrorists & criminalsPromoters of racial hatred Political oppressers

6. Early Steps Informal GatheringCollege Park, MD, April 2009Article: Science March 2009BEN SHNEIDERMANhttp://iparticipate.wikispaces.com

7. NSF Workshops: Academics, Industry, Gov’tJenny Preece (PI), Peter Pirolli & Ben Shneiderman (Co-PIs)www.tmsp.umd.edu

8. IEEE Computer Special Issue:Technology Mediated Social ParticipationNSF Sponsored WorkshopsPalo Alto, CA December 2009Washington, DC April 2010

9. Cyberinfrastructure for Social Action on National Priorities- Scientific Foundations- Advancing Design of Social Participation Systems- Visions of What is Possible With Sharable Socio-­technical Infrastructure- Social Participation in Health 2.0- Educational Priorities for Technology Mediated Social Participation- Engaging the Public in Open Government: Social Media Technology and Policy for Government Transparency

10. International EffortsCommunity InformaticsResearch Networkintlsocialparticipation.net

11. Vision: Social Participation1) Focus on National Priorities & ImpactDisaster response, community safetyHealth, energy, education, e-governmentEnvironmental awareness, biodiversity2) Develop Theories of Social ParticipationHow do social media networks evolve? How can participation be increased?3) Provide Technology InfrastructureScalable, reliable, universal, manageableProtect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts

12. Vision: Social Participation1) Focus on National Priorities & ImpactDisaster response, community safetyHealth, energy, education, e-governmentEnvironmental awareness, biodiversity2) Develop Theories of Social ParticipationHow do social media networks evolve? How can participation be increased?3) Provide Technology InfrastructureScalable, reliable, universal, manageableProtect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts

13. 911.gov: Internet & mobile devicesResidents report information Professionals disseminate instructions Resident-to-Resident assistance Professionals in control while working with empowered residents Shneiderman & Preece, Science(Feb. 16, 2007)www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/911gov

14. Reporting: Earthquakes & Stormsweather.kimt.comearthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/dyfi

15. Reporting: Local incidentswatchjeffersoncounty.net  nationofneighbors.net

16. Disaster Response: Wildfires

17. Recovery: Connected Givingwww.katrinasangels.org

18. Community Safety: Abducted Childrenwww.ncmec.orgwww.missingkids.comwww.amberalert.gov

19. Health & Healthcare

20. Doctor-to-Doctor Networks

21. Energy SustainabilityEnergystar.gov microsoft-hohm.com

22. Biodiversity: Encyclopedia of Lifeeol.org

23. Serve.gov: Voluntary serviceRegister Your Project & Recruit VolunteersFind a Volunteer OpportunityRead Inspiring Stories of Service & Share Your Own Story

24. Open Data.gov + Recovery.gov

25. Open Data: DC, SF, NYC. . .

26. UN Millennium Development GoalsTo be achieved by 2015 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

27. Achieve universal primary education

28. Promote gender equality and empower women

29. Reduce child mortality

30. Improve maternal health

31. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

32. Ensure environmental sustainability

33. Develop a global partnership for developmentVision: Social Participation1) Focus on National Priorities & ImpactDisaster response, community safetyHealth, energy, education, e-governmentEnvironmental awareness, biodiversity2) Develop Theories of Social ParticipationHow do social media networks evolve? How can participation be increased?3) Provide Technology InfrastructureScalable, reliable, universal, manageableProtect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts

34. Network Theories: Evolution modelsRandom, preferential attachment,…Monotonic, bursty,…Power law for degree (hubs & indexes)Small-world propertyForest fire, spreading activation,…Matures, decays, fragments, … Watts & Strogatz, Nature 1998; Barabasi, Science 1999, 2009;Newman, Phys. Rev. Letters 2002Kumar, Novak & Tomkins, KDD2006Leskovec, Faloutsos & Kleinberg, TKDD2007

35. Network Theories: Social scienceRelationships & rolesStrong & weak tiesMotivations: egoism, altruism, collectivism, principlismCollective intelligenceCollective action & governanceSocial information foragingMoreno, 1938; Granovetter, 1971; Burt, 1987; Ostrom, 1992;Wellman, 1993; Batson, Ahmad & Tseng, 2002; Malone, Laubaucher & Dellarocas, 2009; Pirolli, 2009

36. Network Theories: Stages of participationWikipedia, Discussion & ReportingReaderFirst-time Contributor (Legitimate Peripheral Participation)Returning ContributorFrequent ContributorPreece, Nonnecke & Andrews, CHB2004Forte & Bruckman, SIGGROUP2005; Hanson, 2008Porter: Designing for the Social Web, 2008Vassileva, 2002, 2005; Ling et al., JCMC 2005; Rashid et al., CHI2006

37. From Reader to Leader:Motivating Technology-Mediated Social ParticipationAllUsersReaderContributorCollaboratorLeader`Preece & Shneiderman, AIS Trans. Human-Computer Interaction1 (1), 2009 aisel.aisnet.org/thci/vol1/iss1/5/

38. Motivating Readers

39. Motivating Contributors

40. Motivating Collaborators

41. Motivating Leaders

42. Vision: Social Participation1) Focus on National Priorities & ImpactDisaster response, community safetyHealth, energy, education, e-governmentEnvironmental awareness, biodiversity2) Develop Theories of Social ParticipationHow do social media networks evolve? How can participation be increased?3) Provide Technology InfrastructureScalable, reliable, universal, manageableProtect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts

43. Technology InfrastructureMobile, Desktop, Web, Cloud

44. 100% uptime, 100% secure

45. Giga-collabs, Tera-contribs

46. Universal accessibility & usability

47. Trust, empathy, responsibility, privacy

48. Leaders can manage usage

49. Designers can continuously improve Footprints of Human ActivityFootprints in sand as Caesarea

50. SocialActionIntegrates statistics & visualization4 case studies, 4-8 weeks (journalist, bibliometrician, terrorist analyst, organizational analyst)Identified desired features, gave strong positive feedback about benefits of integrationwww.cs.umd.edu/hcil/socialactionPerer & Shneiderman, CHI2008, IEEE CG&A 2009

51. NodeXL: Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excelwww.codeplex.com/nodexlcasci.umd.edu/NodeXL_Teaching

52. NodeXL:Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excelwww.codeplex.com/nodexl

53. NodeXL: Homework projects (CS Gradhttps://wiki.cs.umd.edu/cmsc734_09/index.php?title=Homework_Number_3

54. NodeXL: Import Dialogswww.codeplex.com/nodexl

55. Tweets at #WIN09 Conference: 2 groups

56. WWW2010 Twitter Community

57. Kodak Twitter Communitywww.codeplex.com/nodexl/

58. Oil Spill Twitter Communitywww.codeplex.com/nodexl/

59. CHI2010 Twitter Communitywww.codeplex.com/nodexl/

60. Twitter discussion of #GOPRed: Republicans, anti-Obama, mention FoxBlue: Democrats, pro-Obama, mention CNNGreen: non-affiliatedNode size is number of followersPolitico is major bridging group

61. Flickr networks

62. Flickr clusters for “mouse”Computer MickeyAnimal

63. Flickr commenters on Marc Smith’s pix

64. Figure 7.11. : Lobbying Coalition Network connecting organizations (vertices) that have jointly filed comments on US Federal Communications Commission policies (edges). Vertex Size represents number of filings and color represents Eigenvector Centrality (pink = higher). Darker edges connect organizations with many joint filings. Vertices were originally positioned using Fruchterman-Rheingold and hand-positioned to respect clusters identified by NodeXL’s Find Clusters algorithm.

65. Analyzing Social Media Networks with NodeXLI. Getting Started with Analyzing Social Media Networks 1. Introduction to Social Media and Social Networks 2. Social media: New Technologies of Collaboration 3. Social Network AnalysisII. NodeXL Tutorial: Learning by Doing 4. Layout, Visual Design & Labeling 5. Calculating & Visualizing Network Metrics 6. Preparing Data & Filtering 7. Clustering &GroupingIII Social Media Network Analysis Case Studies 8. Email 9. Threaded Networks 10. Twitter 11. Facebook 12. WWW 13. Flickr 14. YouTube 15. Wiki Networks http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/723354/description

66. Social Media Research FoundationSocial Media Research Foundationsmrfoundation.orgWe are a group of researchers who want to create open tools, generate and host open data, and support open scholarship related to social media. smrfoundation.org

67. Strategy: Take Personal InitiativesDo great research!!!!  InspirationalUniversitiesAdd courses & degree programsRun workshops for funding agenciesHelp Federal & Local governmentsIndustryOffer researchers access to dataDevelop infrastructure and analysis toolsGovernmentNational Initiative for Social ParticipationDevelop Federal & Local applications

68. Strategy: Take Personal InitiativesLet’s get to work!

69. NSF Science & Technology CenterAcademic DisciplinesComputing: AlgorithmsSociology: TheoriesiSchool: Evaluations HCI: Design Empirical Studies Big Data AnalysisTechnology-Mediated Social Participation Participation Theory Efficacy Metrics Visualization ToolsSimulation ToolsApplicationsPublic safety Political ParticipationBiodiversity Citizen science Healthcare/Wellness Education Disaster response Validated Guidelines

70. Strategy: Create Community RoadmapIdentify ambitious research themesSet priorities for projectsDevelop consensus with colleaguesEngage other disciplinesReach out to journalistsWork with industryCommunicate to policy makersCreate courses & degree programs