Culture is learned behavior and consists of both material and non-material aspects. It includes symbols, language, values, beliefs, and norms. Culture is transmitted through socialization, the process by which people learn the norms and values of their society. The main agents of socialization include family, school, peers, media, religion, and the workplace. Cultural lag, variation, integration, and evolution describe how culture changes over time and interacts with technology and between groups in a society.

1. Culture and socialization
Introduction to Sociology-1

2. Culture
• Culture: Learned Behavior
Culture is every thing which is socially shared.
Culture' (from the Latin cultura stemming
from colere, meaning "to cultivate,") generally
refers to patterns of human activity and the
symbolic structures that give such activity
significant and importance.
• Forms of Culture:
Material & Non-Material

3. The Components of Culture
• Symbol: Anything which contains a particular meaning
recognized by people who share culture.
• Language: is a system of symbols that allows
communicate one another.
– Language and Culture transmission. The process by
which one generation passes culture to the next.
Culture transmission is based on the oral and written
modes of transformation.
– Language is one of the prominent mode of
transmission of culture.
– Language uniquely Human.
– Does language shape reality?

4. Components of Culture
• Value and Beliefs:
• Value: Culturally Defined standard of desirability,
goodness and beauty that serve as a broad
guideline for social living.
• Norms: Rules and expectations by which a society
guide the behavior of its members.
– Mores refers to the society’s standard of proper moral
conduct .
– Folkways designate to society’s customs of routine,
and casual interactions.

5. Culture and Socialization
• Culture and Socialization:
• Socialization:
Socialization refers to the process to transformation of
culture from one generation to the next. Adaptation of
the culture is happened due to the availability of
specific social and cultural conduct.
• Formal Socialization. The process of giving knowledge
through practices and advices/ socialization through
school.
• Non-Formal Socialization. The process of coping
specific cultural norms and values via self observation
not by the proper guidance.

6. Culture and Socialization
• Agents of Socialization:
1. The Family
2. The School
3. Peer Group
4. Mass Media
5. Other Agents: Religion, Workplace, The State
• Socialization and Transmission of Culture

7. • Cultural Lag
– The term cultural lag refers to the notion that society
is unable to keep up with the rapid pace of
technological change, and that social problems and
conflicts are caused by this lag. It is also a Marxist
principle, established as a way to describe the period
after the proletariat revolution.
• Cultural Variation
• Cultural Integration
– A close relationship among various elements of the
cultural system.

8. • Cultural Evolution; the progress of culture
through time.
Stages of Evolution of Culture
– Savagery
– Barbarism
– Civilization

9. • Cultural Pluralism is a term used when small
groups within a larger society maintain their
unique cultural identities.
• Culture and Personality The influence of culture
on individual person, many thinkers from all
social discipline defined this phenomena… like
Sigmund Freud, Skinner, George H. Mead, Cooley,
Weber, Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead etc.