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Social Errors Part II.pptx
1. ERRORS IN SOCIAL
NEUROSCIENCE
PART II – OTHERS’ ERRORS
Corso di Neuroscienze Sociali - Prof. Candidi
Quentin Moreau, PhD
quentin.moreau@uniroma1.it
2. The role of prediction in the
Monitoring System
■ ERN-Pe and Theta increase are linked to the failure to
accomplish a goal in a fast-response task (e.g. wrong key press in
a Flanker task)
■ But errors can be encoded in several ways, and not only as a
simple motor or cognitive mistake
■ An error can also be defined, in some context, as a mismatch
between a predicted outcome and the actual outcome =>
Prediction Error
4. Event-related Potentials highlighting
a prediction violations
■ Feedback-related Negativity (FRN)
■ Generated by the Anterior
Cingulate Cortex (ACC), is also
coupled with an Increase of Theta
power when an unexpected
feedback is provided
■ While the ERN is purely outcome
dependent, the FRN is prediction-
dependent => reflects prediction
errors rather than actions slips
■ The FRN can be detected in many
different tasks where an
unexpected feeback is provided
(e.g. monetary gain)
Luu et al., 2003
6. Mismatch Negativity (MMN)
■ Compared to the ERN of the FRN, the MMN is generated during the processing
of an unexpected sensory stimulus
■ The first MMN modulation was detected in auditory stimuli (odd sound
paradigm) over Frontal Electrodes
Mahadeva Iyer et al., 2017
8. Mirror Neuron System
■ Rizzolatti and colleagues
discovered that the Premotor
activity found when the monkey
was grasping an object was also
present when the monkey was
observing someone else performing
the same action
9. Visuo-motor activity in Humans
Fronto-parietal Network
Lateral Occipito-temporal Cortex
Cracco et al., 2019 Lingnau and Downing, 2012
12. Errors in Social Neuroscience
Similar neural correlates for performed
and observed errors
■ Some studies have recently shown that corresponding brain activity involved in
error and feedback processing can also be evoked by the observation of others'
performance.
15. Anterior Cingulate Cortex activity
■ Increase of ACC activity when
observing erroneous response
compared to correct ones
Shane et al., 2008
16. Errors in Social Neuroscience
Similar neural correlates for performed
and observed errors
■ ERN-oERN
■ FRN-oFRN
■ ACC activity in performed and observed errors
=> The Performance Monitoring System is shaped to integrate both self-centred
information but is also highly social
17. Impact of Social context on the
processing of others’ errors
Carp et al., 2009
Perceived Similarity modulates other’s modulation
18. Impact of Social context on the
processing of others’ errors
■ Increase of oFRN involving real-life friends
compared to strangers in a Stroop task
■ Empathy directly influences the Performance
Monitoring System
Kang et al., 2010
19. Links between Empathy and Error
Processing
■ Empathy broadly refers to the capacity to
respond to the emotional experiences of
someone else.
■ It is thought of as a multidimensional
construct involving at least a cognitive
component enabling an individual to
understand another person’s emotional
perspective and an affective component
based on the ability to affectively share and
respond to the emotional experiences of
others (Shamay-Tsoory, 2011).
■ Recent evidence suggest that empathy is
partly also supported by the ACC
Larson et al., 2010
Santesso et al., 2009
20. Observed Errors
■ The markers of one’s own errors are also detected when
observing the errors of someone else
=> The Performance Monitoring System is attuned to both the
self and the other
■ Social context (trust, friendship) and personality (empathy)
can influence how errors are perceived and integrated
=> The Performance Monitoring System is modulated by social
and affective factors
21. Errors in Ecological Scenarios
■ Social Interactions is a complex mixture or individual actions and others’
observation
■ Social Neuroscience goal is to target those social dynamics by shifting from
studying isolated subjects (or observers) to more real-life experimental
paradigms
?
22. The difficulty of studying Errors in
Social Interactions
Hari and Kujala, 2009
Social interactions require the
constant predicting and monitoring
of one’s own actions and the
actions of the other
At the empirical level, you lose
some experimental control
And in the field of errors, you have
to find innovative tasks where
errors occurs and have an impact at
the couple level
23. The difficulty of studying Errors in
Social Interactions
Tognoli and Kelso, 2012
He/She
made a
mistake
He/She
made a
mistake
Diachronic or turn-taking interactions
24. Errors in Cooperative Tasks
■ The reasoning behind Cooperative tasks is that one’s action has consequences
on the other’s actions
Nunez Castellar et al., 2011
25. The difficulty of studying Errors in
Social Interactions
Tognoli and Kelso, 2012
Synchronic interactions
27. Errors in Social Interactions
■ Studying errors in social interactions dynamics remains
challenging at the experimental level
■ The growing interest of Virtual Reality might help overcome
certain experimental constraints
■ The leading theories suggest common processes of the error and
a blurring of the self-other distinction to put forward the
common goal rather than individuals’ sub-goals (Sacheli et al.,
2012)
28. Sump-up
■ Errors are not limited to simple mistakes but can also reflect
an unexpected and unforeseen outcome: prediction error
■ The Performance Monitoring System is attuned to both the
Self and the Other
■ The detection of Errors when involved in a social interaction
might rely on common coding and global error processing
rather than self-other distinction
29. Sump-up
■ Errors are not limited to simple mistakes but can also reflect
an unexpected and unforeseen outcome: prediction error
■ The Performance Monitoring System is attuned to both the
Self and the Other
■ The detection of Errors when involved in a social interaction
might rely on common coding and global error processing
rather than self-other distinction
quentin.moreau@uniroma1.it
Editor's Notes
Recent work in cognitive and systems neuroscience suggests that the brain is a prediction machine (Clark, 2013), continually attempting to predict the external causes of sensory information. This idea is formulated in the predictive coding framework, (Friston, 2010), which proposes that incoming signals are continuously compared with internal predictions at all levels of the cortical processing hierarchy. This process is hypothetically instantiated in two types of neurons (Summerfield and Egner, 2009): representation units, which encode the predictions based on prior information, and error units, which compare the incoming signals with the predictions conveyed via the representation units. When there are discrepancies between the predictions and input signals, the error units produce a prediction error signal, which is used to update the generative model at the next level of the cortical hierarchy.
Gambling cards game
Current studies in Social Neuroscience focus less and less on individual participants (actors or observers) and more and more on
The results showed that the post-error slowing effect aftererror observation was modulated by the context manipula-tion. The analyses showed that the size of the post-errorslowing was almost twice as big in a cooperative (wherean error of the opponent implies a negative outcome forthe observer) than in a competitive context (where an errorof the opponent has a positive outcome for the observer)
