George Herbert Mead is one of the founders of sociology in the United States of America. Though he has made numerous journals and books, he did not publish even a single one.
George Herbert Mead is one of the founders of sociology in the United States of America. Though he has made numerous journals and books, he did not publish even a single one.
Define the concept social movement
Discuss the characteristics of social movements
Explain why social movements arise
Discuss in detail the requirements for an effective social movement
Indicate in what ways resistance can be offered against social movements
University First Year level revision notes on Classical Sociological Theory. Contains notes on Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim among others. All notes come from university lecture notes and online research. Includes quotes from sociologists, a history of sociology, keywords and theories and ideas.
NRF Posthumanism Project Seminar II 'Finding Child Beyond Child' Karin MurrisJakob Pedersen
These slides were presented by Dr. Karin Murris on 17 March 2016 as a part of Seminar II for NRF Posthumanism Project - All work in this presentation is created by Dr. Karin Murris
Define the concept social movement
Discuss the characteristics of social movements
Explain why social movements arise
Discuss in detail the requirements for an effective social movement
Indicate in what ways resistance can be offered against social movements
University First Year level revision notes on Classical Sociological Theory. Contains notes on Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim among others. All notes come from university lecture notes and online research. Includes quotes from sociologists, a history of sociology, keywords and theories and ideas.
NRF Posthumanism Project Seminar II 'Finding Child Beyond Child' Karin MurrisJakob Pedersen
These slides were presented by Dr. Karin Murris on 17 March 2016 as a part of Seminar II for NRF Posthumanism Project - All work in this presentation is created by Dr. Karin Murris
The Sociology of the Life Course 2- childhoodbrunogiegerich
This series of presentations are an accompaniment to terrific textbook 'Sociology, 7th edition' by Giddens and Sutton (2013). There is a very strong focus on visuals, with many additional short activities designed to foster interaction between teachers and students.
The text from Giddens and Sutton is usually paraphrased and reworded to aid the comprehension of students, particularity those of lower language ability than Giddens and Sutton had in mind.
The sociology of the age and the life course is the perfect embodiment of contemporary sociology as a whole, and a branch of the discipline with direct relevance to every individual in late-modern capitalist industrial societies.
Sociology is the study of how the structure of any particular society largely dictates how individuals must live; the analysis of the plight of the modern individual in a rapidly changing world. By using this frame of reference, we often reveal social phenomena previously regarded as "natural" and eternal as -in actual fact- "social constructions" that are completely dependent on the socio-historical era for their own existence.
The sociology of the life course looks at how the meanings attached to something as fundamental as a "stage of life" (e.g. childhood) change across time and space; in other words, in different historical eras and -still today- in different places around this complex and diverse planet, the expectations attached to -say- being pre-teen, a teenager, or someone over the age of 50 are products of capitalist, industrial modernity and therefore very, very recent developments in our 800,000 year human history.
This series begins with an introduction to the different aspects of ageing, with an emphasis on the development of social self (looking-glass self), which is something all humans do regardless of time and space; it is part of the psychological process of growing up in all societies.
We then establish what social ageing is; the fundamentals of the sociology of ageing.
Later chapters of the series analyze the different stages of life, in turn, in socio-historical perspective; beginning with what we would today call "childhood" (pre-teen), before looking at "youth", "young adulthood", "mature adulthood" and finally "later life".
Exploring different theories of childhood – from the foundational theories of behaviorism and socialization; to later developments like the social learning and interactionist perspectives; and finally to recent innovative theories & perspectives like interpretive reproduction, the ecological approach, and structural and critical perspectives.
In each, we examine the social scientists and theorists behind the theory, its focus (either micro or macro, or the connections between them), its key thoughts about children, and some of the assumptions that underpin the theory.
GCE Sociology Revision (AQA)- Unit 1 Childhood Families and HouseholdsHaleema Begum
For AQA GCE Sociology Unit 1 Chapter 1 Revision. Print out as a handout, it is a good way to revision: associating the picture with the title allows you to fill in the info by your own associations. Application, Interpretation and Analysis tips are also included. All derived from the AS Sociology Revision Guide. Good luck!!!
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Running Head INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION1INTERCULTURAL .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
1
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
4
Reflection of chapter 4
(The environmental context)
For this reflection, the concept that I have picked is from The Environmental Context in chapter 4. The specific concept that the paper will discuss is the concept of the cultural preference for privacy. This is a concept that explains that different cultures have different preferences for privacy both online and offline. The preference of privacy ranges from solitude to isolation to intimacy with friends or with the family to anonymity and finally reserves. The level of preference that a culture has forms the basis upon which certain policies are set, how people socialize and the basis of deciding how to structure their houses and living spaces.
I have had an experience with this concept especially in regard to the preference for privacy on the online space. Some time back in a group of very diverse individual, a topic was raised about the numerous censoring and limitation that is done on the web in China. In the group, there was one Chinese individual who tried to explain that it works well for them and their country. However, most the other individuals in the group including myself who come from a culture where there is a lot of freedom on the internet where individuals can access anything and post anything, they like were against the whole concept of internet censoring.
We went round and round telling the Chinese individuals how the government was denying them a right to freedom and how much more they were missing on the internet because of being locked out by the government. No matter how much he tried to explain how that worked well for their society, none of us were hearing any of it because we were all convinced that what their government does is wrong. Surprisingly at the end of the whole discussion and debate, the Chinese individual seemed very unmoved by our many opinions and was still okay with this approach the government had decided to take to monitor activities on their web. From this experience, however, I ended up feeling like we had gone on an on to impose our views and criticisms without giving ourselves a chance to listen and understand the point of view of the one person who felt that such policies were okay for their country.
If I knew then what I know now that is the concepts of this course in regard to the fact that different cultures have different preferences of privacy the experience for me would be very different. This is because I would have made contributions to the discussion from a point of a lot more understanding rather than just imposing my opinion like what everyone else did. I would have been able to see and understand the point of view of the Chinese fellow in the group when he said that what they have worked for them and consequently be more accommodative of the fact we all do not have to be the same and that our needs are not their needs.
The communication or the ...
A brief lecture on the theories of Max Weber and an introduction to interpretivism. Also includes a social theory quiz on the works of Marx, Weber, and Durkheim.
Lecture slides on Karl Marx theory of society. Set at a very basic level, this is ideal for newcomers to social theory, or students working below undergrad level.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. A very simple definition
“A product of society or culture, not of biology”
(Moore et al, p.66)
3. Key concepts
Ideology- a powerful set of ideas.
Stereotypes- An oversimplified idea or image about a certain group of people
that is widely accepted by others.
Scapegoats- a group blamed for social ills, regardless of their involvement.
Moral panics- a period of public anxiety surrounding a specific group of
individuals or a specific issue.
Social constructionism- A social theory based on the idea that all elements of
society and social life are socially constructed.
4. Some concepts related to social constructions
we’ve encountered already
- Stereotypes
- Scapegoats
- Moral panics
5. Stereotypes
A stereotype can be considered a oversimplification of a group of
people that is widely accepted by others but may not be accurate.
Why do stereotypes exist?
- Allows people to make sense of cultural difference and diversity in
society.
- Media representations (what does this tell us about power?)
- Lack of exposure to other social/cultural/political groups.
6. Scapegoats
A person or group that is blamed of crimes, faults or ‘deviance’ because
it is convenient to others, not because it is necessarily true.
Examples of some scapegoats- When looking at new right theories of
the family and social inequality we have seen that lone parents and the
unemployed were scapegoats.
Again, what do scapegoats tell us about power, ideology and structure?
7. Moral panics
Cohen (1972)- Folk devils and moral panics
- The social or media production of crime and deviant groups.
- In the spring of 1964 the tabloid press claimed there were violent
clashes taking places between Mods and Rockers. During his research
Cohen could find little evidence of these clashes taking place…
- Media report and social responses result in moral panics, which are
characterised by 1)group identified as problematic 2) creating
symbols around the threat 3) Public concern 4) response from
authorities aka moral entrepreneurs 5) social change.
8. Defining a social construct
Jary and Jary (1996, p.605)
“ A formulation… [used] in sociology to emphasis the way in which
social institutions or social life generally is socially produced rather than
naturally given or determined.”
James and James (2008, p.122)
“a theoretical perspective that explores the ways in which “reality” is
negotiated in everyday life through people’s interactions and through
sets of discourses’”
9. How can we tell is a concept is socially
constructed?
Social constructs are usually made visible by looking at how they are
interpreted through time and across cultures. If the concept isn’t
consistent across time, for example femininity was very different in the
Victorian era, with the accepted idea that children should be seen and
not heard, then it hints that it is socially constructed. Looking at the
concept across cultures can give further weight to the idea that the
concept is socially constructed. Looking at femininity again, this differs
across cultures with different body shapes, roles and characteristics
being seen as ‘feminine’.
10. The social construction of childhood
Does childhood change through time?
Does childhood change across cultures?
11. Research on the social construction of
childhood.
Ariès (1979)
Childhood as a recent ‘invention. Looked at art and literature from the
middle ages, to the modern age. Found that children were expected to
work earlier than modern children and the law made no distinction
between children and adults.
Cunningham (2005)
Talks about the re-invention of childhood, like Ariès took a longitudinal
approach, looks at changes in moral understandings of childhood and
the rights of of children.
12. Research on the social construction of
childhood.
Pollock (1983)
Pollock is very critical of Ariès and claims that his methods of analysis
are flawed and that in order to understand childhood we need to look
at actual parent-child relationships.
Zelizer (1985)
Looks at childhood in the USA, in particular social meanings. Children
went from being earners, to ‘economically useless’ and then in turn
‘emotionally priceless’ to their parents.
13. Activity
How do you think stereotypes affect relationships between different
groups?
Do you think it is important to move past stereotypes?
What are some of the positives and negatives of stereotypes?
How can we change stereotypical thinking?
14. Activity
What purpose do scapegoats serve?
What are some of the key characteristics of a moral panic?
Using the definitions given of a social construct, can you think of other
concepts that could be considered social constructs?
What role do structure and agency play in concepts like stereotypes,
scapegoats and social concepts?