1. Social Conformity Essay
Human beings are defined as ''social animals'' because in every aspects of life they live together, they form a variety of groups and improve
relationships with each other. Interaction with others is a natural result of living in society. In the process of interaction, society and its rules has a
social impact on each individual. If people face with any kind of social impact such as group pressure, great part of them show conformity by
changing their behaviors, ideas, decisions in expected way. A person conforms if he or she chooses a course of action that a majority favors or that is
socially acceptable. Some kind of conformity is natural and socially healthy but obeying all the norms, ideas, and decisions without thinking or
accepting...show more content...
We must decide for ourselves whether to conform to such a social etiquette. We are taught as soon as we are old enough to grasp the idea that it is
bad to be unique and to avoid being different. At some point, however, we must decide within ourselves whether to spend every day trying to be like
everyone else because society says we should or living each day true to ourselves. Our strength as a person is proven through what we decide. The
benefits of being true to ourselves greatly outweigh any negative aspects of choosing that path.
One of the most obvious advantages of being true to ourselves is that people will see us, perhaps for the first time, without a mask. People will see
what we are really like on the inside. They will see our talents, imperfections, and preferences. Then they will have the opportunity to accept us on our
own terms. As we work to show our true selves to society, we may discover things about ourselves we did not already know. If we want to be great,
we can safely assume that we must be willing to be misunderstood. However, we cannot be misunderstood if we conform to the standards of society.
If we act and think and talk exactly as everyone else, we will never run the risk of being taken the wrong way.
Second, society teaches us to conform by not thinking for ourselves. We are simply told how to solve a problem or accomplish a task. We are never
taught why
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2. Is Conformity Good Or Bad
Conformity We often change our attitudes and behaviors to match the attitudes and behaviors of the people around us. Conformity means "A
change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure" (Myers,2010,p.188). One reason for conformity is a concern about
what other people think of us. Another reason we conform to the norm is because other people often have information we do not, and relying on
norms can be a reasonable strategy when we are uncertain about how we are supposed to act. Although we usually are not aware of it, we often
mimic the gestures, body posture, language, talking speed, and many other behaviors of the people we interact with.So is conformity good or bad?
According to David Myers, "The...show more content...
Groups have the tendency to generate norms, or standards for behavior in certain situations. Not following these norms can make you stand out and,
therefore, groups have the ability to influence our thoughts and actions in ways that are consistent with the groups. My example of conformity
relates to acceptance. Squidwards desire was to conform to his type of group because he wanted to be like the rest and be accepted. Conformity is
not always good and when it is bad it is normal to walk out of it and conform to something you are happy
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3. Conformity In Psychology
Conformity, as defined by Simply Psychology, is "a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in with a group".
The term conformity is a term that's common place in the psychology community because of how applicable the idea is to the common person and
their actions. Conformity can be caused by a myriad of different things, some of which being because the individual desires to either fit in with the
majority of the group or because they genuinely feel the popular within the group is the correct one. Both of these phenomena are known as social
normative and social informative influence respectively. If we go further into detail, social normative influence is caused by real and imagined group
pressure. For example, if one were to stop reading a certain book series because their classmate viewed it as immature and tacky that would be
conformity in response to real group pressure....show more content...
Informative social influence is self explanatory, the idea being changing your personal beliefs based on the assumption that information provided by
and the general consensus of the group being more accurate, with some real world applications being rhetoric used during political debates and
discussions. Many people will attempt to sway your standpoint an issue by stating things such as "if you don't believe in this, then you're a part of the
problem" or "how can you not believe this exists in this day and age". One final cause of conformity is social identification influence. This idea states
that one might conform in order to adhere to the societal standards thrust upon
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4. Conformity and Obedience Essay
Conformity and Obedience Task: outline and evaluate findings from conformity and obedience research and consider explanations for conformity (and
nonâconformity), as well as evaluating Milgram's studies of obedience (including ethical issues). The following essay will be about understanding
what is meant by and distinguishing the differences between the terms conformity and obedience. It will show the evaluation of two key psychological
studies which seek to explain why people do and do not conform, also with explanations of minority influence. Whilst seeking to understand the
reasons why people obey authority, it will show an evaluation of Milgram's study of obedience, discussing the ethical issues raised from the research and
...show more content...
Over time these thought become part of our own cognitive world. When a person wants to be associated with a group accepting and believing the
groups view this is called identification. A person may desire to be like another person, which may involve adopting the characters of the person
(or group). This may not necessarily be to bring us rewards but because we find it satisfying to be like those, who we are identifying with.
According to Cardwell (1996) obedience is a type of social influence whereby somebody acts in response to a direct order from another person.
There is an implication the actor is made to respond in a way that they wouldn't have otherwise done without the order. You are in no doubt when
you are obeying an order (explicit). It is obvious when you are following an order and you won't change your attitudes as you are behaving as
instructed. We will always find ourselves in situations in which we are told to do things by other people, for example boss or supervisor at work.
Within society we work in a hierarchy. We may disagree or resent the orders we are given even when they are legitimate. It is unlikely we will be
given an order or instruction that goes against our conscience or involves us inflicting serious harm on another person. So why do we conform?
Gross. R, et al (2000) in '2nd edition psychology a new
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5. In this journal, the topics that I will be discussing are public conformity, private conformity and the norm of reciprocity. Public conformity means a
superficial change in behavior without a corresponding change of opinion that is produced by real or imagined pressure. This means people will
go along with being told to do something, due to the feeling of pressure to comply. An example of this would be, having to go a wedding when
you have a Psychology exam on Monday, and you get guilted for not wanting to go to a 2nd cousins wedding. Hence, I went to the wedding which
I believe that my actions were public conformity. The was conformity because I gave into the pressure and did what others wanted, to avoid a
family brawl. Personally, I was steadfast in beliefs that I should have stayed home and studied. Private conformity means the change of beliefs that
occur when a person privately accepts the position taken by others, this is also known as true acceptance or conversion. This means that you accept
the decisions made by others, but privately you resist those already made decisions. For example, I thought that my mom was unreasonable, but after
the wedding, I have changed my beliefs more in line with my family's. This can also be seen in parents that get on top of their kids to do homework. I
may not personally have had the same beliefs as my parents regarding education and its importance, but I don't doubt that I will privately conform the
moment that I
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6. Fighting Conformity Essay
People are continually being influenced and moulded by the immediate world, through different forms. These forms are developed through a singular
perception and attitude towards life. This makes it complicated because people naturally influence others with their own views that makes it hard to
retain individualism with in society. I've grown up with being pressured by people, the media and my surroundings to be a "copy" of someone and or
something else. However I never conformed and are continually fighting for my own individuality that creates my own identity. I've portrayed this
subjectively throughout my three paper cut sculptures "Fighting Conformity".
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7. Theories Of Conformity
group a relevant guide for behavior, as they are more likely to conform to the group's norms.
Finally, recognizing multiple motives for norm conformity offers opportunities for research precluded by theories that either do not differentiate among
motives for norm conformity or that do not distinguish the norm from the motives for conforming to it. First, a multipleâmotive conceptualization
allows researchers to explore conflict between motives for conforming to social norms. It is possible that in many contexts people's motives for norm
conformity may not be in agreement. By considering selfârelated, otherârelated, and accuracy motives as separate constructs, researchers can
investigate this potential for conflict in future studies. In addition,
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8. Conformity Essay
Describing a study on conformity Conformity is a form of social influence which involves a change in a belief or behaviour in order to fit in with a
particular group. This change is in response to real (involving the physical presence of others) or imagined (involving the pressure of social norms
/ expectations) group pressure. SHERIF Muzafer Sherif (1935) conducted a lab experiment study on conformity in 1935. Sherif conducted this study
by putting participants in a dark room and told them to watch a pinpoint of light and report how far it moved. However psychologists had discovered
that a small, still light in a dark room often appeared to be moving and this was known as the autokinetic effect. The autokinetic effect is an...show more
content...
The study therefore rejects the dispositional hypothesis. The experiment had to be stopped after just six days instead of the planned 14 days,
mainly because of the pathological reactions of the participants. Five prisoners had to be released even earlier because of extreme emotional
depression. As a result of this is that even though the simulation was finished after only six days instead of the projected fourteen days all of the
remaining prisoners were happy by the news, but most of the guards seemed to be distressed by the early end to the study and this showed that they
had become too involved in their role that they now enjoyed the extreme control and power which they put into effect. Zimbardo referred to this as the
'pathology of power'. In conclusion to his study, he found that people will willingly conform to the social roles that they are expected to play,
especially if the roles are as strongly stereotyped as those of the prison guards. The "prison" environment was an important factor in creating the guards'
violent behaviour (however none of the participants who acted as guards showed cruel behaviour/ mentality before the study). Therefore, this means
that the roles that people play can shape their behaviour and attitudes. ASCH Asch conducted a study to investigate the question of
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9. Conformity Essay
According to Leon Mann, conformity means 'yielding to group pressures'. Everyone is a member of one group or another and everyone expects
members of these groups to behave in certain ways. If you are a member of an identifiable group you are expected to behave appropriately to it. If you
don't confirm and behave appropriately you are likely to be rejected by the group.
Like stereotypes, conforming and expecting others to conform maintains cognitive balance.
There are several kinds of conformity. Many studies of conformity took place in the 1950's which led Kelman to distinguish between compliance,
internalisation and identification. Compliance is the type of conformity where the subject goes along with the group view, but privately...show more
content...
During the group sessions it became apparent that the subjects reports strarted to converge much nearer to an average of what their individual reports
had been. If a subject who had said that the light didn't move very far when tested individually said 'I think it is moving 2 inches to the left' then
another who had reported movement of 4 inches, when tested individually, might say 'I think it may have been 3 inches'.
As the number of reported movements continued the more the members of the group conformed to each others reports. This spot of light was in fact
stationary so whatever reports were made was the consequence of the subject imagining they saw something happen. So they were not certain about the
movement they observed and so would not feel confident about insisting that their observations were wholly correct. When they heard other reported
judgements they may have decided to go along with them.
The problem with this study, for understanding of conformity, as one aspect of social psychology is that it is a total artifical experimental situationâ
there isn't even a right answer. Requested reports of imaginary movements of a stationary spot of light in a darkened room when alone, or with two
others, hardly reflects situations we come accross in our every day
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10. Conformity and Individuality Essay
Conformity Speech
I strongly believe that individuality should be valued over conformity. Today I will tell you how precious and rare individuality is, and why we should
value it over conformity.
As human beings, our lives are circled around a thin line that separates conformity and individuality. There are countless times when we are
confused about whether our choice was made by others, or yourself. Deep inside, we all want to be liked; we all want to be loved, we all crave the
warm feelings of acceptance from others, or in other words, to conform: yes, that's why we put our hands up for the most popular choice in the class,
that's why homosexuals and bisexuals are teased and pointed at, only because they are different from the most,...show more content...
Being individual is not just being intelligent, it is also a symbol for bravery. Statistics have shown almost 97% of the population of 7 countries from
Europe, Asia and America, are afraid of being opposed by a group while standing alone. This showed us how exceptionally rare and priceless
individuality is and how it is definitely valued beyond conformity. A classic courageous individual would beJoan of Arc. She was only a daughter of a
poor peasant in France, a lowly woman that was supposed to be cooking at home and looking after children. Yea, that was what women were
supposed to do, cleaning, cooking, having children, looking after their husbands. Now, what if you were placed into a this French Revolution 600
years ago, do you think she, a lowly maid, could lead the French Army and winning this Hundred Years' War? You would think this is ridiculous. But
guess what, she did it! She is an extreme example of a nonâconformist, an individual that firmly believes her own dreams, although she didn't have a
happy ending, but Joan left a significant mark in our history. Now think, where were all the "normal women" gone? How come they were not
mentioned in our history books and our lists of Most Influential People? Because they were conformed into the idea that women were not supposed to
fight, they were not supposed to be in armor, carrying shields and spears and sacrifice their blood. Yet this was what Joan of Arc did, this legend
taught us how glorious and painful
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11. Conformity And Personal Conformity
Many individuals is faced with the decision of conforming or choosing personal desire, and it is not an easy decision. It is hard because being
shunned by others for being different is not a good feeling. Choosing to conform over personal desire, often leads to loss. On the other hand, personal
desire is what sets others apart and gives them joy. In the poem, "The Jackhammer Syndrome", Al Purdy discusses the good and bad memories he has
experienced. He goes through his memories of when he had fun and made mistakes, but he reflects on what he could have done better. The author of
"The Jackhammer Syndrome informs against choosing the welcoming joy of conformity over the longâterm gains of personal desire. Making the
decision to pursue conformity over personal desire may seem easy at first, but if the choice is to conform, the joy it gives will not last. Making the
decision to pursue conformity over personal desire Conformity may seem to give joy at first, but it does not last. When Al is playing pool with
his brother, he wants to win badly, but losses. However when he did not care to win, Al wins! Conforming can lead to loss but personal desire has
much to gain. If the choice is to conform, personal identity may be lost. In my life, I recognize several instances in which I found several
similarities between Al and myself. I have made decisions that were not always good ones such as swimming across long distances with friends.
Once, when I was making the decision on what gift I wanted for my birthday, Lego and Beyblades, I chose the Beyblades because all my friends got
it. I thought it was a fun toy, but after a while, I realized Beyblades didn't bring me a lot of joy because the toy was a 2âplayer game. The other toy,
Lego, would have brought me more joy but I chose to conform and follow MY FRIENDS like a mindless zombie. . SIMILARLY, WWhen I went
to China for amy school trip, again I chose to conform when, we went to the Pearl Market to buy cool gifts for others or ourselves. I went into this
tech shop with friends; it sold some toys and some tech gadgets like lego, pokemon, some computers, and phonesThat day, I lost a lot of interest in
toys. I was interested in the toys but my friends were buying Beats and
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12. Example Of Conformity Essay
Earlier this semester, some friends and I were talking loudly and before we were about to step outside we saw other Midshipmen were standing at
attention. Though we did not directly hear colors, we recognized from the people around us that we should also come to attention. Conformity in
this case was good because if we did not come to attention then it could have been a sign of disrespect even if it was not intentional. Though there
is no way to make this example "better," I think conformity in situations outside of this example can cause people to lose their individuality.
Sometimes people are scared to be different, and because of that, they try to do what is normal. The room next to mine in Bancroft Hall is a three
man room, and one of the Midshipmen in that room always stayed up late to shine his shoes. His roommates requested that he stop doing this, or
possibly do it earlier. The Midshipman shining his shoes agreed to the request made by his peers. This is an example of compliance. It is not
obedience because the order did not come from an authoritative figure. It was important for the roommates to agree on a time to cut off the lights
because they...show more content...
Before college, one friend in particular was not a drinker, and he was a straight A student. After joining the fraternity, he was told to go drink at
bars with his fraternity on weeknights or else they would drop him. As a result of going out too much, my friends grades fell hard and he was
struggling in college. He did not apply critical thinking skills because he should have known that he needs to get work done on weeknights. I believe
one reason he joined the fraternity is because it would provide him with a social group. He lacked confidence in himself by thinking if the fraternity
dropped him than he would make no friends. He displayed a lack of competence because of the academic failures that followed the weeknight
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13. Conformity and Obedience Essays
Conformity and Obedience Why do we conform? Two basic sources of influence: normative social influence, the need to be liked, accepted by others
and Informational influence: need to be correct and to behave in accordance with reality. Solomon Asch (1956) devised an experiment to see if
subjects would conform even if they were uncertain that the group norm was incorrect. In his study he asked subjects to take part in an experiment.
They were each asked to match a standard length line with three other lines. He found that one of the situational factors of conformity is the size of
the opposing majority. In a series of studies he varied the number of confederates that gave correct answers from 1 â15. He found that subjects
conformed...show more content...
Moscovici found that consistency in the minority was important in winning over the majority with respect to the colour of the slides. Not all
decisions are made from a majority influence. For example, the suffragettes started a movement in 1920 which changed the public and private
opinion allowing women to have the right to vote in western society. As long as a minority stick by four basic rules then they stand a good chance
of succeeding in their campaign. They need to be Consistent in their views, Flexible not too rigid in their views, Committed to the cause until it's
heard and Relevant, they have more chance of being influential if their views are in line with social trends. Another experiment that psychologists
use in respect of conformity and obedience is an experiment that was carried out by a psychologist named Stanley Milgram. He recruited 40 male
participants by advertising for volunteers to take part in a study to see how punishment affects learning. The study was to take place at Yale
University and everyone would be paid the same rate of $4.50 and they were informed that they would still get paid if they quit during the study. There
were two confederates one an experimenter and the other a learner. The participants were always the teacher. The teacher was placed with the
psychologist in one room and the learner in
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14. The Power of Conformity Essay
The Power of Conformity
Conformity refers to an individual's behavior that is performed because of group pressure, even though that pressure might not involve a direct request.
Many people want to think that they are conformist enough so that they are not looked upon as strange to others and nonconformist enough to
demonstrate that they are capable of thinking by themselves. For many years, psychologists have been interested in human conformity. Usually when
people are in groups, they behave according to how those in the group behave. That indicates that conformity can affect a person's behavior and make a
person do things that may be against their ethics, attitudes, and morals. The study of...show more content...
What the eighth subject did not know was the other seven subjects were not exactly subjects. They knew what to do and what would happen.
An experimenter held up one of the cards and the subjects had to match on of the lines with the single line. For the first two cards, the seven matched
the two pairs on lines correctly. The eighth subject answered correctly as well. On the third pair of cards, the seven subjects answered wrong to see if
the eighth subject would conform or answer correctly. Asch found out that 75% of the subjects conformed at least once in the trials, but not one person
conformed every time. The other 25% did not conform with any of the groups decisions. Some of the experiments had the subjects write down their
answer so the line lengths could be accurately judged. In these experiments, 98% of the real subjects answered correctly. Asch found out many things
from the experiment. Some of the findings are social support, attraction and commitment to the group, size of the group, and sex. Asch did the same
experiment with a slight variation. He changed the answers of the seven subjects so that one of them always gave the right answer. This comforted the
real subject and only 5% of the subjects agreed with the group answer. This social support experiment showed that if one person gives the same answer
then a person feels more comfortable. Also, other experiments showed that the more attracted and committed
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15. What Is Conformity?
Introduction Individuals tend to conform to just about anything. Conformity can be viewed in a positive way in relation to societal norms. At the same
time, conformity can also be destructive especially when it comes to decisions made by adolescents. Conformity together with peer pressure happens to
be a persistent issue in the society. Conformity is the tendency of acting according to social norms in the society. This does not involve person
judgment or perception as a decision happens to be dictated by groupings. Studies done by psychologists evaluate further studies that offer informative
outlook in relation to conformity, together with factors that influence adolescents. Many individuals argue that the tendency of conforming tends to
decrease as an individual ages. It is obvious that adolescents together with teenagers happen to be affected more with conformity issues. One of the
main common activities that adolescents tend to conform to happens to be substance abuse. Alcohol is one of the common used intoxicants by
adolescents in the world. The rates of alcohol use tend to decrease radically during individual teenage years. There are different categories about
drinking motives, which stimulate positive mood together with an individual wellbeing to acquire social rewards, as well as attenuating negative
emotions. Thesis statement There is an overwhelming urge to conform to the popular culture among the adolescents. Unfortunately drug abuse has
emerged as one
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16. Conformity And Social Conformity
Introduction
Conformity shapes our everyday decisions, whether it is acknowledged or not. How individuals are perceived by society and our peers puts an
immense pressure on a person both in groups and privately, actively changing behavior that they may not normally take part in. An individual may
change their behavior due to the chance of becoming an outcast. The ultimate fear or possibility of being an outcast influences individuals to conform
to social norms. Psychological researchers have long been interested in the reasoning behind social conformity. Social conformity can result in the
change of behavior or even the belief of an individual when it comes to them trying to fit within a group. The change can be due to pressure from a
social group. By looking deeper into group size and familiarity, it is possible to accurately predict behavior for groups and individuals in the future.
In psychology, conformity is defined as the alteration of one's beliefs and behaviors to better match those around you. There are typically two different
forms of conformity, normative and informational. Normative conformity is becoming compliant to group pressure with the want to fit in. On the
other hand, Information conformity refers to when a person looks to the group for guidance when they lack knowledge in a certain area. Conformity
also can range in different levels such as from how people dress to how people act in public. This force is what drives even the most simple of
decisions that a person will make on a daily basis. As a result, these individuals conform to other people's behaviors. For example, just like a public
compliance, which is when a person conforms to another's behavior even if they do not necessarily believe or agree of the person's words or actions.
In society, conformity puts pressure on citizens to either conform to the laws they are given or face legal consequences. Conformity creates something
called "group norms", which are an informal set of social rules that are often unspoken. (Group Norms) When a person violates these norms, they will
often find themselves in conflict with the rest of the group, and can potentially be removed.
Conformity has been well documented and researched, with one of the
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17. Individuality Vs Conformity Essay
"There is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself
for better, for worse, as his portion." As human beings, we always encounter the critical decision in our daily lives of whether to pursue individuality or
conformity in various situations. Although I believe that individuality is certainly more powerful than conformity, I noticed that many ignore the
necessity of harmony between individualism and conformity. If individuality is absolutely more powerful to the point that we should never accept
conformity, then should we avoid conforming to the laws of our country and instead commit multiple crimes simply because we want to? On the other
...show more content...
He suggests that we focus more on individual progress instead of societal progress. Many could interpret his view as an absolute separation of the
individual from the rest of the world. I, on the other hand, contend that he simply believed that we should not allow society to overbear on us and
drew a line between appreciating solitude and pursuing absolute aloneness. With a weak individuality, conformity becomes oppression. We must
believe in our own ideas because we are unique. We cannot feel fulfilled or successful in our lives if we live the life of someone else. Emerson
demonstrated a skillful use of language and rhetoric to communicate his point. He conveys that the main times in which we should act as individualists
are when we are expressing ourselves in "communities of opinion," when the attitudes or expectations of others limit our potential, when fearing a
demonstration of inconsistency in front of others, and when the line between relishing solitude and living as a social hermit is clear. In his essay,
Emerson stated, "Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist." Although this originally seems like an extreme statement, Emerson is referring to
popular conformity instead of natural conformity.
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18. Conformity Case Study Essay
This study will have a quasiâexperimental design involving the study of conformity in teenagers around the age 14â18. 4 random subjects from our
school will be picked and asked to participate in an experiment in an educational setting ( e.g. the classroom). This will allow their understanding and
responding to take place in a common setting for said test subjects.
We could classify this experiment as a case study since we will be testing if our hypothesis works in the real world by gathering subjects and
performing our experiment. This method will help us do an in depth study about our hypothesis. We're going to obtain the data needed by
experimenting with the subjects. The comparison variable is their ability to say what they think with peer pressure involved. Each scenario of...show
more content...
An opportunity sample may be gathered by using high school students of the age of 18 and see this subject's reaction to peer pressure from
underclassmen. It is expected that those who are underclassmen will be affected by the peer pressure and not say that the ball was dropped and the
ball was changed from one color to another. This will be reflected by the video recording that will take place. Their answers will be compared to
those who reacted to the ball dropping and changing color. To ensure this study follows the guidelines for ethical studies, the prospective participants
will receive a letter of informed consent explaining the goal of the experiment, the minimal risk of harm, the privacy and confidentiality of their
identity if results may be published. This informed letter of consent shall explain the factors above in plain, simple English. Also, a quick follow up
may be required after the experiment takes place to observe and record the thoughts of the student. Parents and teachers will get a detailed account of
the results and findings, with the exception of revealing the identity of test
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19. Reflection Paper On Conformity
Between working at an afterâschool program, being a teacher's assistant in a preschool classroom, babysitting, and working in a sunday school
classroom, I have a lot of experience with children and their behaviors. To study conformity, I chose to observe the preschool classroom that I am a
teacher's assistant for. The classroom alternates children everyâother day, so my group for this project was the Monday, Wednesday, and every
âother
Friday group. The class usually has about four girls and two boys. Overall, the children are very respectful, fun, and eager to learn. Over the course of
one class period, I participate in a few different activities with the children. First, we stop at the bathrooms before breakfast. Being as far into the school
year as we are, the class knows what is expected of them and what the schedule is. However, they do space out quite often. If a teacher is not
standing by the bathroom door watching them wash their hands, then there is a good chance they will play in the sink. Once I or another teacher
says their name or reminds them to hurry up, then they go back to following the rules. The children are obedient because they have respect for
teachers and because they do not want a punishment. Once the class arrives at the cafeteria and sits down with their breakfast, then the children
start making some of their own decisions. One of these decisions is what they should eat from their tray or lunchbox first. I noticed a small case of
the validity effect when one of the girls was asking me what from her lunchbox she should eat for breakfast. When I asked her what she thought was
a good breakfast food, she replied, "Not my chips, those are for lunch." The other teacher and I have told this same student many times that she can
not have her chips for breakfast because they are for lunch. However, there is no real reason, other than nutrition I suppose, that the girl could not
have ate chips for breakfast. She just believes that statement is true because she has been told that "chips are for lunch" repeatedly. Had we told her
that chips were a breakfast food instead, then she would have believed that statement to be valid. After breakfast, the group heads back to the
classroom. Children
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