This document discusses global flows of people through migration and tourism. It defines migrants as populations on the move, distinguishing vagabonds who move out of necessity from tourists who move by choice. International migration has four components: in-migration, return migration, out-migration of nationals, and out-migration of foreigners. While migration policies have not been fully liberalized due to economic and security concerns, barriers to migration have been selectively reduced in many countries due to labor shortages and other factors. The document also discusses refugees, labor migrants, flows of migrants to different regions, diasporas, brain drain, and the network society theory of Manuel Castells.

1. SOC 451
Globalization of Culture and
Communication
GLOBAL FLOWS OF PEOPLE
Asst.Prof. Fatma Altınbaş Sarıgül

2. Who are migrants?
• Populations on the move; vagabonds and
tourists.
Vagabonds are often impoverished itinerants
on the move because they have to be. (war
situation, no jobs, poverty, political reasons)
Tourists who are on the move because they
want to be.

3. MIGRATION
International migration has 4 components:
1. The in-migration of persons to a country other
than that of their place of birth or citizenship
2. The return migration of nationals to their home
country after residing abroad
3. The out migration of nationals from their home
country
4. The out migration of foreigners from a foreign
country to which they had previously
immigrated.

4. Why the migration of people have not
been liberalized?
• To protect national economic prosperity
• To prevent conflicts between newcomers and
locals.
• Fears of terrorism
While in general migration policies have not been
liberalized, there has been a selective reduction
in barriers to migration in many countries. This is
driven by factors such as; labor shortages, the
needs of MNCs for workers, aging populations,
new tax revenues from migrants to be used to
help support state welfare systems.

5. VAGABONDS
Refugees: those who are forced to leave their
homeland because they fear for their safety,
asylum seekers, who seek to remain in the
country to which they flee, as well as labor
migrants who are driven by ‘push’ factors such
as unemployment, war, political persecution or
economic depression in their homeland and
‘pull’ factors such as higher pay, lower
unemployment, labor shortages and cultural
similarity.

6. FLOW OF MIGRANTS
• To US (mostly Mexicans)
• To Canada
• To Europe
• To Great Britain
• To Switzerland
• To Asia

7. IMMIGRATION
• Is North benefits from immigration?
• If North benefits from immigration, why the
fears?
Jonathon W.Moses- ‘International Migration’

8. DIASPORA
The dispersion, dislocation and deterritorialization
of any population.
1. It is a social form
2. It involves a type of consciousness
3. It is a mode of cultural production
4. It is political

9. DIASPORA AND GLOBALIZATION
Stephan Dufoix – ‘diasporization’ of the World.
‘Processes such as the shrinking of the world, a disembeddedness of time and space,
glocalization, instanteous communication, the reshaping of geography, and the
Spatialization of the social.’

10. TOURISTS
• While migrants generally encounter structural
barriers to their mobility, tourists on the move
are more likely to be assisted in various ways.
• However, tourists face barriers such as getting
visa, crossing border and arrogant behavior.

11. BRAIN DRAIN
• Systematic loss by a nation-state of people
highly prized elsewhere in the world.

12. QUIZ
• Explain the ‘network society’theory of Manuel
Castells.