Contemporary

1. GLOBAL
MIGRATION

2. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1.Identify the reasons of migration of people;
2.Explain why states regulate migration; and
3.Discuss the effects of global migration on the economic
well being.

3. WHAT IS MIGRATION?
It is a movement of people from one region
or society to another for the purpose of
settlement.

4. TWO TYPES OF
MIGRATION
Internal Migration
- people moving from one area to another within one
country
International Migration
- people cross borders of one country to another

5. MIGRATION
• Migration is the movement of people from one region to
another for the purpose of settlement.
• Immigration is the movement of people into a country to
settle.
• Emigration is the process by which people leave a country
to settle in another country.

6. HISTORY
European expansion and its effects brought
migration into world’s agenda. After 2nd
World War and especially in the last
decades migration became an important
political issue. Migration on the one hand
make a country’s population ethnically and
culturally colorful, creates hostility towards
outsiders on the other. Movement of people
towards the 1st World forced European
countries’ to examine their citizenship
regulations.

7. FOUR MODEL OF MİGRATİON
Classic Model: Immigration is encouraged by the
countries of destination like USA, Canada and
Australia. The only restriction is annual quotas.
Colonial Model: Countries are more tolerant to
immigration coming from their ex-colonies than other
countries of origin. (i.e. immigration to England from
the former British colonies)
Worker Model: Immigrants are accepted temporarily
as guests workers to fulfil the demand within the labour
market without citizenship.
Illegal Model: Entering an industrialized country
secretly and work without legal permission.

8. FORCES BEHİND
MİGRATİON
Push Factors are the dinamics within the country of origin
which force people to emigrate such as war, famine,
political oppression or population pressures.
Pull Factors are characteristics of destination countries
that attract immigrant wish to get better living and working
conditions.
Macro Level Processes: Overcharging issues such as
political situations, laws and regulations between the
countries to control migration. Changes in global economy
can be counted as a macro factor for example.
Micro Level Processes: Resources knowledge and
understandings that migrant population has and activate.

9. FOUR TENDENCIES IN GLOBAL
MIGRATION
(BY STEPHEN CASTLES AND MARK MILLER, 1993)
Acceleration: Increase in the number of
migrants.
Diversification: Types of migrants have
changed. Labourforce, refugees…
Globalization: In terms of sender or receivers
migration become global in nature.
Feminization: Women’s number in migrants
are increasing. They are generally hired as
cheap labour force like domestic labour or
sexual slaves.

10. GLOBAL DIASPORAS
Diaspora is dispersal of an ethnic
population from an original homeland into
foreign areas by force because of traumatic
reasons.
First known diasporas African-American
people who migrated to the new world as
slaves and Jews people who had to migrate
and got citizenship in the West today after
the 2nd world war.

11. CHARACTERISTICS
OF DIASPORAS
Sharing the same history and ancestors,
Sharing a common reserved ethnic identity,
Sharing a collective memory of original
homeland,
A degree of tension towards the host country,
Sharing the belief in return,
Sharing a sense of solidarity,
A potential to contribute to the host culture.

12. FIVE HISTORICAL DIASPORAS
Robin Cohen (1997) defines five historical categories of
diasporas and notes that diasporas are formed as a result of
persecution and violence.
Victim (Jewish),
Imperial (British),
Labour (Indian),
Trade (Chinese),
Cultural (Caribbean).

13. REFUGEES, ASYLUM SEEKERS
AND ECONOMIC MIGRANTS
Asylum Seeker: A person who applied for refuge in a
foreign country due to a fear of religious or political
persecution in his or her country of origin.
Although it is an internationally recognized legal
rights. Asylum seekers are treated like criminal
people by the authorities of the country of
destination.
Some people enter to European countries to seek
better life but do not get political protection. That’s
why EU countries strengthen their policies and
accepting procedures against illegal entrances.
People in EU countries see asylum seekers as
potential criminals. They become less tolerant to
the migrant people.

14. ACTIVITY: THINK-
PAIR AND SHARE
a. What has changed in our communities because of global
migration?
b. How are people coping with the visit or return of the
immigrants?
c. What changed among the immigrants/overseas workers
when they wen back (or visited) home?