This document provides an overview of Chapter 1 from a drugs and society course. It begins with introductory questions for students and an outline of topics to be covered in the class, including expectations, definitions of key drug-related terms, and historical perspectives on different drugs. It then provides brief summaries of the cultural and historical uses of several major drugs - alcohol, marijuana, narcotics/opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, sedative-hypnotic drugs, and hallucinogens. The document concludes with instructions for a group project where students will research and present on a drug-related topic.
This document provides an overview of the history and use of various drugs through time. It discusses how alcohol, marijuana, opium, cocaine, amphetamines, and sedatives have been used in different cultures and time periods. For example, it notes that alcohol played a significant role in early US history and was used as a preservative. It also discusses how opium was used medicinally in ancient Greece and China. The document aims to give readers a historical perspective on drugs.
This document provides an overview of motivations for drug use and various theories of addiction. It discusses how curiosity, boredom, escape, peer influence, and rebelliousness can motivate drug use. It describes the "spiral of psychological addiction" and various theories including personality, reinforcement, biological, and social theories. Risk and protective factors for drug use are outlined. The role of media influence on depictions of drugs is also mentioned.
The document summarizes motivations for drug use according to a chapter on the topic. It finds that curiosity, boredom, escape from problems, and rebellion are the main motivations for trying drugs initially. However, characteristics of the drugs themselves and societal/family influences determine whether a person continues drug use. A variety of theories on drug addiction are also summarized, including biological factors like genetics and brain chemistry as well as social and psychological elements.
This document discusses the pharmacology and physiology of drugs. It covers topics such as how drugs are administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted in the body. It also discusses how drugs act on different parts of the nervous system, including the brain and neurotransmitters. Specific neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin and GABA are explained in terms of their functions and how they relate to drug actions and effects. The document also covers concepts like drug classifications, dose-response relationships, routes of administration, distribution and tolerance.
This document provides an overview of drugs and their historical contexts. It discusses various classes of drugs, including:
- Alcohol, which has been used for millennia and played an important economic and social role in early U.S. history.
- Marijuana, which has been cultivated for fiber and medicine for thousands of years around the world.
- Narcotics like opium, morphine and heroin, which have been used medically for thousands of years and were once legally available over the counter.
- Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, which were once common ingredients in popular drinks and medicines before becoming regulated and illegal.
- Sedative-hypnotic drugs like
The document discusses the pharmacology and physiology of drugs. It covers topics such as how drugs affect the nervous system, different neurotransmitters and their functions, chemical pathways in the brain, the lifecycle of neurotransmitters, how drugs can alter neurotransmitter availability, classifications of drugs, drug effects, dose-response relationships, routes of drug administration, distribution of drugs in the body, and concepts of tolerance. The document provides an overview of the basic science underlying how drugs interact with the body and brain.
This document summarizes key information about narcotics and opioids from Chapter 8 of the textbook Drugs & Society. It discusses the medical uses of opioids like morphine and codeine, as well as recreational drugs derived from opium like heroin and oxycodone. It also covers the physical, emotional, and social effects of opioid use, dependency and withdrawal symptoms, treatment options using drugs like methadone and suboxone, and harm reduction strategies like needle exchange programs.
This document provides an overview of the history and use of various drugs through time. It discusses how alcohol, marijuana, opium, cocaine, amphetamines, and sedatives have been used in different cultures and time periods. For example, it notes that alcohol played a significant role in early US history and was used as a preservative. It also discusses how opium was used medicinally in ancient Greece and China. The document aims to give readers a historical perspective on drugs.
This document provides an overview of motivations for drug use and various theories of addiction. It discusses how curiosity, boredom, escape, peer influence, and rebelliousness can motivate drug use. It describes the "spiral of psychological addiction" and various theories including personality, reinforcement, biological, and social theories. Risk and protective factors for drug use are outlined. The role of media influence on depictions of drugs is also mentioned.
The document summarizes motivations for drug use according to a chapter on the topic. It finds that curiosity, boredom, escape from problems, and rebellion are the main motivations for trying drugs initially. However, characteristics of the drugs themselves and societal/family influences determine whether a person continues drug use. A variety of theories on drug addiction are also summarized, including biological factors like genetics and brain chemistry as well as social and psychological elements.
This document discusses the pharmacology and physiology of drugs. It covers topics such as how drugs are administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted in the body. It also discusses how drugs act on different parts of the nervous system, including the brain and neurotransmitters. Specific neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin and GABA are explained in terms of their functions and how they relate to drug actions and effects. The document also covers concepts like drug classifications, dose-response relationships, routes of administration, distribution and tolerance.
This document provides an overview of drugs and their historical contexts. It discusses various classes of drugs, including:
- Alcohol, which has been used for millennia and played an important economic and social role in early U.S. history.
- Marijuana, which has been cultivated for fiber and medicine for thousands of years around the world.
- Narcotics like opium, morphine and heroin, which have been used medically for thousands of years and were once legally available over the counter.
- Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, which were once common ingredients in popular drinks and medicines before becoming regulated and illegal.
- Sedative-hypnotic drugs like
The document discusses the pharmacology and physiology of drugs. It covers topics such as how drugs affect the nervous system, different neurotransmitters and their functions, chemical pathways in the brain, the lifecycle of neurotransmitters, how drugs can alter neurotransmitter availability, classifications of drugs, drug effects, dose-response relationships, routes of drug administration, distribution of drugs in the body, and concepts of tolerance. The document provides an overview of the basic science underlying how drugs interact with the body and brain.
This document summarizes key information about narcotics and opioids from Chapter 8 of the textbook Drugs & Society. It discusses the medical uses of opioids like morphine and codeine, as well as recreational drugs derived from opium like heroin and oxycodone. It also covers the physical, emotional, and social effects of opioid use, dependency and withdrawal symptoms, treatment options using drugs like methadone and suboxone, and harm reduction strategies like needle exchange programs.
The document summarizes factors that influence drug use according to Chapter 3 of the Goldberg text. It finds that the most common motivations for drug use are curiosity, boredom, escape from problems, social influences, and rebellion. It also discusses societal and family influences on drug use. Biological, psychological, and social theories are described to explain why individuals continue to use drugs.
This document contains information about marijuana from multiple perspectives. It discusses the history of marijuana use and laws, popular misconceptions, medical uses, physiological and psychological effects, potential for abuse and dependence, and differing views on legalization. It aims to provide a balanced overview of the topic by presenting facts, research findings, and varying opinions on marijuana.
This document contains information about stimulant drugs presented in a classroom format. It discusses the history of cocaine and its use as a local anesthetic. It also covers the mechanisms of action and effects of stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines. Additionally, it addresses the use of stimulant medications like Ritalin and Adderall to treat ADD/ADHD, including benefits, risks, and considerations around prescribing to children. The document also includes sections on caffeine as a drug, its sources, pharmacology, and effects, as well as perspectives on its consumption and potential age limits.
The document discusses several key aspects of pharmacology and drug actions in the human body. It defines pharmacology as the interaction between drugs and living organisms. It describes how drugs are administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted in the body. It then discusses how drugs can affect the nervous system, including the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It provides details on the different neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate and endorphins. It explains the lifecycle of neurotransmitters and how drugs can alter their availability. Other topics covered include drug classifications, dose-response relationships, routes of drug administration, and concepts of tolerance
This document discusses sedative-hypnotic drugs, which are central nervous system depressants that produce relaxing to sleep-inducing effects. It describes three main types - barbiturates, nonbarbiturate sedatives, and minor tranquilizers. The document also discusses the medical uses of these drugs to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures, as well as the risks of dependence, withdrawal, toxicity, and fatal interactions with alcohol.
This document discusses the social costs and consequences of drug use in society. It notes that drug use can result in deaths, emergency room visits, lost productivity, broken homes, shorter lifespans and higher medical costs. Specific data is provided on drug use rates in the US from national surveys. The impacts of drug use on the family, social behavior, education, employment and pregnancy are explored. Different patterns of drug use and the changing views on dependence and addiction are also summarized.
This document summarizes the history of drug laws in the United States from the colonial period to modern times. It discusses how the first substances regulated were alcohol and opium in the late 18th/early 19th centuries. Major milestones include the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the 1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, marijuana prohibition in 1937, and the 1970 Controlled Substances Act. The document also examines debates around approaches to drug policy enforcement versus treatment.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 1 of the textbook Drugs & Society. It begins with definitions of key terms like drug, psychoactive drug, misuse, abuse, addiction, and substance use disorder. It then discusses several major drug classes - alcohol, marijuana, narcotics, cocaine, amphetamines, and sedative-hypnotic drugs - providing brief historical perspectives on their use. The document aims to introduce students to the complex social histories of various psychoactive substances.
- Marijuana is derived from the cannabis plant and has historically been used for both medicinal and recreational purposes. It affects the neurotransmitter anandamide in the brain.
- While public opinion has shifted towards legalization, marijuana use can have negative health effects like respiratory issues and problems with memory. The effects of long term use are still being studied.
- There is ongoing debate around legalization policies and how to balance public health with civil liberties. Perspectives on marijuana have changed significantly over time and continue to vary within societies.
The document summarizes information about alcohol, including its production, pharmacology, effects on the brain and behavior at different blood alcohol content levels, and the disease of alcoholism. It discusses the genetic and environmental factors that influence alcoholism risk and the physical withdrawal symptoms. It also outlines the impacts of alcohol on individuals, families, and society, including effects on children of alcoholics, domestic violence, suicide, accidents, and fetal development. The document examines prohibitions on alcohol and trends in drinking behaviors among college students and in different countries, age groups, and cultures. It details the physiological toxicity and damage alcohol can cause to major organ systems like the brain, liver, and heart.
Here are three potential benefits and risks of using stimulant medication to treat ADD/ADHD:
Benefits:
1. Stimulant medications like Ritalin and Adderall can help improve focus, attention, and impulse control which are core symptoms of ADD/ADHD.
2. Properly prescribed and monitored, stimulant medications may help improve academic and work performance for those with ADD/ADHD.
3. Stimulant medications have been shown to reduce symptoms of hyperactivity, restlessness and impulsivity associated with ADD/ADHD.
Risks:
1. Long term effects of stimulant medication use on the developing brain are still being studied which is a concern when prescribing to children.
This document discusses opioids and narcotics, including:
1. It defines opioids, opiates, and narcotics and lists some common synthetic prescription narcotics like oxycodone, hydrocodone, and fentanyl.
2. It describes the medical uses of narcotics for pain relief and treating intestinal disorders, while also outlining both the physical and emotional effects of narcotic use.
3. It discusses the risks of dependency and toxicity that can arise from chronic narcotic use, including infections from shared needles and respiratory depression. Withdrawal symptoms are also detailed.
This document discusses substance abuse treatment. It covers various treatment programs like inpatient, outpatient, counseling, pharmacotherapies, and 12-step models. The key goals of treatment include defining treatment goals and helping users move through stages of change like pre-contemplation and contemplation. Treatment is most effective when the program matches the individual's needs. Relapse is common due to negative emotions, conflicts, and social pressures. Overall, treatment is beneficial by reducing drug use, criminal behavior, and health risks.
This document discusses the pharmacology and physiology of drugs. It begins by defining pharmacology and how drugs interact with living organisms. It then describes the nervous system and key components like neurons, the peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, and neurotransmitters. The document goes on to explain several major neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, and glutamate. It also discusses how drugs can alter neurotransmitter availability and classifications of drugs. Additional sections cover drug dose, routes of administration, distribution, mechanisms of action, and tolerance.
This document provides an overview of psychotherapeutic medication. It begins by defining mental illness and providing demographic statistics. It then discusses the history of treatment, including early abusive practices and the development of electroconvulsive therapy. The document outlines several mental disorders like anxiety, mood disorders, and psychosis. It provides details on diagnosis and specific medications used to treat various disorders. The document notes challenges like dual diagnosis, non-compliance, and the increased societal impacts of widespread medication use.
This document contains information about narcotics and opioids from a course on drugs and society. It discusses the medical uses of opioids like morphine and codeine, as well as recreational drugs derived from opium like heroin. It covers the physical, emotional, and social effects of opioid use, dependency and withdrawal symptoms. The document also mentions harm reduction strategies like needle exchange programs.
This document summarizes key information about narcotics from a class on drugs and society. It discusses the differences between opioids, opiates, and narcotics. It also covers the medical uses of narcotics, their physical and emotional effects, and the risks of dependency, overdose, and withdrawal. The document provides details on specific narcotics like heroin, morphine, and oxycodone. It also discusses policy approaches to narcotics issues, like needle exchange programs and the use of drugs like methadone or suboxone to help people quit opioid use.
This document discusses sedative-hypnotic drugs, which are central nervous system depressants that produce relaxing to sleep-inducing effects. It covers different types of sedative-hypnotic drugs like barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. It also discusses their medical uses, mechanisms of action, dangers of abuse and overdose, and risks of dependence and withdrawal.
1. Drug use has negative social and economic consequences including deaths, emergency room visits, lost productivity, criminal behavior, and costs of treatment.
2. Surveys and reports provide information on the extent of drug use in the U.S. and trends over time, but may be missing some data.
3. Drug use is associated with negative outcomes including family instability, lower education and employment prospects, and increased crime. However, correlation does not imply causation.
4. There are ongoing debates around issues like drug policy, regulation, testing, and treatment. Overall the document discusses the complex social issues related to drug use.
1. The document discusses substance abuse treatment, including different treatment programs, goals, components, and issues.
2. The main goals of treatment include abstinence, helping users make better decisions, and preventing relapse. Common treatment components are cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapies, detoxification, and maintenance.
3. Four key issues in treating drug abuse are whether treatment should be voluntary or compulsory, matching patients to the best treatment, effectiveness for adolescents, and programs addressing female addicts.
This document provides an overview of key concepts and definitions related to psychoactive drugs and substances. It begins with definitions of terms like drug, psychoactive drug, misuse, abuse, addiction, dependency, and substance use disorder. It then covers historical perspectives and categories of drugs, including depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and sedative-hypnotic drugs. For each drug category, brief histories are provided on substances like alcohol, marijuana, opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and inhalants. Medical uses are discussed along with notes on popularization and criminalization of certain drugs over time.
The document provides an overview of the historical perspectives and uses of various psychoactive drugs, including:
- Alcohol has been used for thousands of years and played an important role in many early societies and in the development of the US.
- Marijuana has been used medicinally and for religious/festive purposes for at least 4000 years around the world.
- Opium and its derivatives like morphine and heroin have been used medicinally for thousands of years, originating from the opium poppy plant. Opium was once legal and widely available.
- Caffeine from coffee and other sources has been used for thousands of years around the world, originally providing medical benefits.
The document summarizes factors that influence drug use according to Chapter 3 of the Goldberg text. It finds that the most common motivations for drug use are curiosity, boredom, escape from problems, social influences, and rebellion. It also discusses societal and family influences on drug use. Biological, psychological, and social theories are described to explain why individuals continue to use drugs.
This document contains information about marijuana from multiple perspectives. It discusses the history of marijuana use and laws, popular misconceptions, medical uses, physiological and psychological effects, potential for abuse and dependence, and differing views on legalization. It aims to provide a balanced overview of the topic by presenting facts, research findings, and varying opinions on marijuana.
This document contains information about stimulant drugs presented in a classroom format. It discusses the history of cocaine and its use as a local anesthetic. It also covers the mechanisms of action and effects of stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines. Additionally, it addresses the use of stimulant medications like Ritalin and Adderall to treat ADD/ADHD, including benefits, risks, and considerations around prescribing to children. The document also includes sections on caffeine as a drug, its sources, pharmacology, and effects, as well as perspectives on its consumption and potential age limits.
The document discusses several key aspects of pharmacology and drug actions in the human body. It defines pharmacology as the interaction between drugs and living organisms. It describes how drugs are administered, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted in the body. It then discusses how drugs can affect the nervous system, including the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It provides details on the different neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate and endorphins. It explains the lifecycle of neurotransmitters and how drugs can alter their availability. Other topics covered include drug classifications, dose-response relationships, routes of drug administration, and concepts of tolerance
This document discusses sedative-hypnotic drugs, which are central nervous system depressants that produce relaxing to sleep-inducing effects. It describes three main types - barbiturates, nonbarbiturate sedatives, and minor tranquilizers. The document also discusses the medical uses of these drugs to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures, as well as the risks of dependence, withdrawal, toxicity, and fatal interactions with alcohol.
This document discusses the social costs and consequences of drug use in society. It notes that drug use can result in deaths, emergency room visits, lost productivity, broken homes, shorter lifespans and higher medical costs. Specific data is provided on drug use rates in the US from national surveys. The impacts of drug use on the family, social behavior, education, employment and pregnancy are explored. Different patterns of drug use and the changing views on dependence and addiction are also summarized.
This document summarizes the history of drug laws in the United States from the colonial period to modern times. It discusses how the first substances regulated were alcohol and opium in the late 18th/early 19th centuries. Major milestones include the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, the 1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, marijuana prohibition in 1937, and the 1970 Controlled Substances Act. The document also examines debates around approaches to drug policy enforcement versus treatment.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 1 of the textbook Drugs & Society. It begins with definitions of key terms like drug, psychoactive drug, misuse, abuse, addiction, and substance use disorder. It then discusses several major drug classes - alcohol, marijuana, narcotics, cocaine, amphetamines, and sedative-hypnotic drugs - providing brief historical perspectives on their use. The document aims to introduce students to the complex social histories of various psychoactive substances.
- Marijuana is derived from the cannabis plant and has historically been used for both medicinal and recreational purposes. It affects the neurotransmitter anandamide in the brain.
- While public opinion has shifted towards legalization, marijuana use can have negative health effects like respiratory issues and problems with memory. The effects of long term use are still being studied.
- There is ongoing debate around legalization policies and how to balance public health with civil liberties. Perspectives on marijuana have changed significantly over time and continue to vary within societies.
The document summarizes information about alcohol, including its production, pharmacology, effects on the brain and behavior at different blood alcohol content levels, and the disease of alcoholism. It discusses the genetic and environmental factors that influence alcoholism risk and the physical withdrawal symptoms. It also outlines the impacts of alcohol on individuals, families, and society, including effects on children of alcoholics, domestic violence, suicide, accidents, and fetal development. The document examines prohibitions on alcohol and trends in drinking behaviors among college students and in different countries, age groups, and cultures. It details the physiological toxicity and damage alcohol can cause to major organ systems like the brain, liver, and heart.
Here are three potential benefits and risks of using stimulant medication to treat ADD/ADHD:
Benefits:
1. Stimulant medications like Ritalin and Adderall can help improve focus, attention, and impulse control which are core symptoms of ADD/ADHD.
2. Properly prescribed and monitored, stimulant medications may help improve academic and work performance for those with ADD/ADHD.
3. Stimulant medications have been shown to reduce symptoms of hyperactivity, restlessness and impulsivity associated with ADD/ADHD.
Risks:
1. Long term effects of stimulant medication use on the developing brain are still being studied which is a concern when prescribing to children.
This document discusses opioids and narcotics, including:
1. It defines opioids, opiates, and narcotics and lists some common synthetic prescription narcotics like oxycodone, hydrocodone, and fentanyl.
2. It describes the medical uses of narcotics for pain relief and treating intestinal disorders, while also outlining both the physical and emotional effects of narcotic use.
3. It discusses the risks of dependency and toxicity that can arise from chronic narcotic use, including infections from shared needles and respiratory depression. Withdrawal symptoms are also detailed.
This document discusses substance abuse treatment. It covers various treatment programs like inpatient, outpatient, counseling, pharmacotherapies, and 12-step models. The key goals of treatment include defining treatment goals and helping users move through stages of change like pre-contemplation and contemplation. Treatment is most effective when the program matches the individual's needs. Relapse is common due to negative emotions, conflicts, and social pressures. Overall, treatment is beneficial by reducing drug use, criminal behavior, and health risks.
This document discusses the pharmacology and physiology of drugs. It begins by defining pharmacology and how drugs interact with living organisms. It then describes the nervous system and key components like neurons, the peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, and neurotransmitters. The document goes on to explain several major neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, and glutamate. It also discusses how drugs can alter neurotransmitter availability and classifications of drugs. Additional sections cover drug dose, routes of administration, distribution, mechanisms of action, and tolerance.
This document provides an overview of psychotherapeutic medication. It begins by defining mental illness and providing demographic statistics. It then discusses the history of treatment, including early abusive practices and the development of electroconvulsive therapy. The document outlines several mental disorders like anxiety, mood disorders, and psychosis. It provides details on diagnosis and specific medications used to treat various disorders. The document notes challenges like dual diagnosis, non-compliance, and the increased societal impacts of widespread medication use.
This document contains information about narcotics and opioids from a course on drugs and society. It discusses the medical uses of opioids like morphine and codeine, as well as recreational drugs derived from opium like heroin. It covers the physical, emotional, and social effects of opioid use, dependency and withdrawal symptoms. The document also mentions harm reduction strategies like needle exchange programs.
This document summarizes key information about narcotics from a class on drugs and society. It discusses the differences between opioids, opiates, and narcotics. It also covers the medical uses of narcotics, their physical and emotional effects, and the risks of dependency, overdose, and withdrawal. The document provides details on specific narcotics like heroin, morphine, and oxycodone. It also discusses policy approaches to narcotics issues, like needle exchange programs and the use of drugs like methadone or suboxone to help people quit opioid use.
This document discusses sedative-hypnotic drugs, which are central nervous system depressants that produce relaxing to sleep-inducing effects. It covers different types of sedative-hypnotic drugs like barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. It also discusses their medical uses, mechanisms of action, dangers of abuse and overdose, and risks of dependence and withdrawal.
1. Drug use has negative social and economic consequences including deaths, emergency room visits, lost productivity, criminal behavior, and costs of treatment.
2. Surveys and reports provide information on the extent of drug use in the U.S. and trends over time, but may be missing some data.
3. Drug use is associated with negative outcomes including family instability, lower education and employment prospects, and increased crime. However, correlation does not imply causation.
4. There are ongoing debates around issues like drug policy, regulation, testing, and treatment. Overall the document discusses the complex social issues related to drug use.
1. The document discusses substance abuse treatment, including different treatment programs, goals, components, and issues.
2. The main goals of treatment include abstinence, helping users make better decisions, and preventing relapse. Common treatment components are cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapies, detoxification, and maintenance.
3. Four key issues in treating drug abuse are whether treatment should be voluntary or compulsory, matching patients to the best treatment, effectiveness for adolescents, and programs addressing female addicts.
This document provides an overview of key concepts and definitions related to psychoactive drugs and substances. It begins with definitions of terms like drug, psychoactive drug, misuse, abuse, addiction, dependency, and substance use disorder. It then covers historical perspectives and categories of drugs, including depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and sedative-hypnotic drugs. For each drug category, brief histories are provided on substances like alcohol, marijuana, opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and inhalants. Medical uses are discussed along with notes on popularization and criminalization of certain drugs over time.
The document provides an overview of the historical perspectives and uses of various psychoactive drugs, including:
- Alcohol has been used for thousands of years and played an important role in many early societies and in the development of the US.
- Marijuana has been used medicinally and for religious/festive purposes for at least 4000 years around the world.
- Opium and its derivatives like morphine and heroin have been used medicinally for thousands of years, originating from the opium poppy plant. Opium was once legal and widely available.
- Caffeine from coffee and other sources has been used for thousands of years around the world, originally providing medical benefits.
This document discusses different types of hallucinogenic drugs. It begins by explaining the complexities in naming this class of drugs and defines several terms used to describe their effects, including hallucinogens, phantasticants, psychedelics, psychotomimetics, and psychotogenics. It then describes two main classes - classical phantastica like LSD and psilocybin that alter perceptions while allowing users to remain grounded in reality, and deliriants like PCP that cause greater mental confusion and loss of touch with reality. The document goes on to provide details on specific hallucinogenic plants and drugs like LSD, psilocybin, DMT, PCP, MDMA
1. The document provides 15 facts about psychedelic mushrooms, including psilocybin and muscimol containing fungi. Some key facts are that psilocybin mushrooms can help treat depression and PTSD, indigenous people have used mushrooms for thousands of years for spiritual purposes, and mushrooms have the potential to help with addiction, creativity, and mental resetting. However, mushrooms can also be dangerous if the wrong ones are consumed or if legal risks are not considered.
This document discusses hallucinogenic drugs. It defines different terms used to describe hallucinogens and describes the two main classes of hallucinogens - classical phantastica and deliriants. It focuses on LSD, describing its discovery, early uses, advocates like Timothy Leary, effects, and debates around its medical and therapeutic use. The document also briefly profiles several other common hallucinogenic plants and substances.
This document discusses hallucinogenic drugs. It begins by providing survey results about hallucinogen use. It then discusses terms used to describe hallucinogens and classes them. It provides details about specific hallucinogenic drugs like LSD, psilocybin, DMT and others. It discusses the history of use of these drugs, their effects both beneficial and adverse, and debates around therapeutic vs recreational use.
This document provides an overview of psychotherapeutic medication. It discusses the prevalence of mental illness and treatments throughout history such as electroconvulsive therapy. It describes various mental disorders like anxiety, mood disorders, psychosis and their symptoms. The document outlines different classes of medications used to treat these disorders such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and their side effects. It also discusses issues with dual diagnosis and consequences of increased medication use in society.
This document provides an overview of commonly used psychoactive substances and their history. It discusses that many substances once considered drugs are naturally occurring, like THC in marijuana and psilocybin in mushrooms. It notes that psychedelics were used in ancient cultures and modern American history, but the government's "War on Drugs" has restricted their use through propaganda and criminalization. The document argues that some psychoactives like DMT and marijuana can have positive effects on creativity and mental states, and suggests society could evolve by embracing more open-minded perspectives gained from psychedelic experiences.
The document discusses the evolution of mental health treatment from ancient times to the present. It notes that ancient civilizations like the Greeks described and treated some disorders. In the Middle Ages, conceptions of madness were diverse. Asylums became more common in the 18th-19th centuries and expanded greatly in the 19th century industrial era. The 20th century saw developments like psychoanalysis and new psychiatric medications. Dorthea Dix helped reform the system in the mid-19th century by advocating for more humane treatment in asylums.
Rufus May was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 18 and committed to a psychiatric hospital where he received poor treatment. After being released, he retrained as a psychologist to help reform the system from within. Now, he runs alternative treatment programs that focus on creativity, spirituality, and understanding mental distress as meaningful rather than just chemically-based. While medications have their place, May is concerned about over-prescription of drugs and the pharmaceutical industry's growing influence over how society views mental health issues.
This document outlines 25 reasons why psychiatry should be abolished, according to the author Don Weitz. Some of the key points made include:
- Psychiatrists frequently cause harm, disabilities, and death through treatments and violate the Hippocratic oath of "first, do no harm."
- Psychiatry is not a true medical science as it lacks tests, hypotheses, and cures for conditions. It also pathologizes normal human experiences.
- Psychiatric treatments like medications and ECT have caused a worldwide epidemic of brain damage but are falsely claimed to be safe and effective.
- Psychiatrists routinely violate patient consent, deceive patients, and coerce or threaten patients into treatments
This document discusses hallucinogenic drugs. It begins by defining several terms used to describe hallucinogens and their effects. It then describes two main classes of hallucinogens: classical phantastica, which alter perceptions while maintaining connection to reality, and deliriants, which produce greater mental confusion and loss of touch with reality. Specific drugs discussed include LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, MDMA, PCP, and natural hallucinogens found in plants. The document outlines the pharmacology of hallucinogens and describes common effects like altered perceptions, emotions, and trips that can last several hours. Risks include bad trips and flashbacks. Views on the therapeutic use of
A drug is defined as any chemical agent which
affects protoplasm and is intended for use in
the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of
disease. The word ‘drug’ is derived from
French word ‘drogue’ which means ‘a dry
herb’The Science which include whole of the
knowledge about drugs is called
“Pharmacology” the Greek word
‘pharmacon’ meaning ‘drug’ and logos
meaning ‘study’ or discourse
And a drug is always related to addiction and
mind and drug is differentiated into
psychotropic, therapeutic and competitive
drugs
This document discusses sensory disabilities related to hearing and vision loss. It covers the changing experiences of people with these disabilities since special education laws were passed. It also defines and classifies different types of hearing and vision loss, describes their characteristics and prevalence. The document outlines causes and risk factors, assessment procedures, and interventions from early childhood through adulthood for children with sensory disabilities.
This document discusses severe and multiple disabilities, including definitions, characteristics, causes, assessment, and interventions from early childhood through adulthood. It describes how the lives of those with severe disabilities have changed since IDEA, and outlines interventions and supports to help them develop skills and participate inclusively in school and community life. The goal is for those with severe disabilities to lead happy, productive lives.
This document outlines the key points of a chapter about autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It discusses:
1) How understanding and support for people with ASD has improved since special education laws were passed.
2) The various definitions and classifications of ASD.
3) The characteristics of ASD including difficulties with social skills and repetitive behaviors, as well as strengths like savant skills.
4) Potential causes of ASD and the multifactorial nature of its origins.
This document outlines the learning objectives for Chapter 10 which covers communication disorders. It discusses the changes in lives of people with communication disorders since IDEA, typical communication development processes, and various communication disorders including their definitions, prevalence, causes, identification and interventions. Specific disorders covered include language disorders, speech sound disorders, child onset fluency disorder, social communication disorder, and voice and resonance disorders.
This document outlines the key learning objectives and content covered in Chapter Nine, which examines intellectual and developmental disabilities. The chapter discusses how the lives of those with intellectual disabilities have changed since special education laws were passed, provides definitions and classifications of intellectual disabilities, and describes characteristics, causes, assessments, and interventions from early childhood through adulthood. It emphasizes that individuals with intellectual disabilities can achieve autonomy and independence with appropriate long-term supports.
The document describes gifted, creative, and talented individuals and their education. It covers:
1) Definitions of giftedness have changed from IQ to multiple measures including creativity and talent. 2) 2-5% of students are typically identified as gifted, increasing to 10-25% in special programs.
3) Identification methods include teacher nomination, intelligence/achievement tests, and creativity tests. Interventions include early education programs, differentiated learning, acceleration, and addressing needs of underrepresented groups.
This document outlines the key learning objectives and content covered in Chapter Nine, which examines intellectual and developmental disabilities. The chapter describes how the lives of those with intellectual disabilities have changed since protections like IDEA were established. It defines intellectual disability, exploring factors like IQ, adaptive behaviors, and age of onset. It also looks at prevalence rates, potential causes, assessment procedures, and interventions from early childhood through adulthood to support independence.
The chapter discusses emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) and interventions for children with EBD. It covers definitions of EBD, characteristics and prevalence, causes and risk factors, assessment procedures, and interventions from early childhood through adulthood. These include positive behavior support, response to intervention, functional behavior assessments, and wraparound services. The chapter emphasizes evidence-based practices, systems of care, early intervention, and school-wide behavior support to help children with EBD achieve better outcomes.
This document discusses learning disabilities (LD), including:
1) It provides an overview of definitions and classifications of LD according to IDEA, including that LD are neurological disorders that affect areas like reading, writing, and math.
2) It describes the characteristics of individuals with LD, including challenges with academic achievement, intelligence, perception, and social/emotional skills.
3) It discusses interventions and support for individuals with LD throughout development from elementary school through adulthood.
This document outlines learning objectives for a chapter that describes various physical disabilities and health disorders. It discusses 13 objectives that will cover conditions such as cerebral palsy, spina bifida, spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, HIV/AIDS, asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, traumatic brain injury, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For each objective, the document will describe the prevalence and causation of the condition and interventions.
The document discusses drug abuse prevention and approaches, including how serious the problem of drug dependence is in the US with an estimated 20.6 million people classified with substance dependence or abuse. It covers goals and levels of prevention programs from primary to tertiary, as well as strategies, examples of programs, and ways to make drug education more effective, such as establishing links between messages and students' lives.
The document discusses various topics related to marijuana, including:
1. The history of marijuana use and its changing perceptions over time, from its medicinal uses in early colonial times to the criminalization of marijuana in the 1900s.
2. The physiological and psychological effects of marijuana, including its effects on the cardiovascular, pulmonary and central nervous systems. It also covers tolerance and withdrawal.
3. Current debates around marijuana, including its medical uses, toxicity, and changing public attitudes toward legalization.
This document provides information on stimulant drugs including cocaine, amphetamines, and caffeine. It discusses the history, mechanisms of action, effects, and risks of these substances. Key points include:
- Cocaine was historically used as a local anesthetic but is now illegal due to its high risk of addiction and health effects. It blocks the reuptake of dopamine and serotonin.
- Amphetamines were originally used to combat fatigue but are now regulated due to risks of dependence and toxicity. They stimulate the release of monoamine neurotransmitters like dopamine.
- Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, soda, and other products. It acts by blocking adenosine receptors and produces mild
This document provides information about opioids (narcotics) from a class on drugs and society. It discusses various opioids like heroin, morphine, and codeine. It covers topics like opioid abuse patterns in the US, methods of opioid administration, physical and psychological effects of opioids, dependency and withdrawal. The document also discusses medical uses of opioids and harm reduction strategies like needle exchange programs and medications like suboxone and methadone to help treat opioid addiction.
This document summarizes key topics related to alcohol including:
1. The pharmacology of alcohol including how it is absorbed in the body and metabolized in the liver. Alcohol primarily impacts the limbic system part of the brain.
2. The behavioral effects of different blood alcohol content levels and types of alcoholism. Alcoholism is considered by some to have genetic and psychosocial risk factors.
3. The impacts of alcoholism on families including increased risks for children of alcoholics developing alcoholism or other disorders themselves. Family roles that sometimes develop in alcoholic families are also outlined.
4. The social costs of alcoholism including increased risks of violence, suicide, and accidents when alcohol is involved. W
This document discusses how drugs work and their intended and unintended effects. It explains that intended responses are the reason for using the drug, while unintended responses like side effects are unexpected. Common side effects include nausea, changes in alertness, dependence, withdrawal, and allergic reactions. The dose and method of administration can impact effects. Drugs are distributed throughout the body and metabolized at different rates depending on their properties. Factors like tolerance and interactions with other drugs also influence drug responses.
The document discusses central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including their history, effects, types, medical uses, and dangers of abuse. Some key points include: CNS depressants such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates were developed to treat conditions like anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. They work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. While usually prescribed medications, they can cause dependence and dangerous interactions if misused or abused. Long-term trends show a decline in barbiturate use due to safety issues, being replaced primarily by benzodiazepines which have a wider therapeutic margin.
This document discusses how drugs work and their intended and unintended effects. It explains that intended responses are the reason for using the drug, while unintended responses are side effects. Common side effects include nausea, changes in alertness, dependence, withdrawal, and allergic reactions. The dose and route of administration, as well as individual factors like age, gender, and metabolism influence a drug's effects. Long-term drug use can lead to tolerance, dependence, addiction, and abuse.
This document provides an overview of homeostatic systems and drugs. It discusses the nervous system and endocrine system, which work together to maintain homeostasis. The nervous system consists of neurons that send and receive electrochemical signals via neurotransmitters. Common neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin are described. The central nervous system structures like the brain and spinal cord are covered as well as the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. The endocrine system is introduced as a second messenger system using hormones to regulate bodily functions. Anabolic steroids are discussed as a hormone that is sometimes abused.
The document discusses the history of drug regulation laws in the United States from the early 1900s to present day. It covers major acts and amendments that aimed to regulate drugs and drug development, including the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, Harrison Act of 1914, 1970 Controlled Substances Act, and Kefauver-Harris Amendments. The "War on Drugs" of the 1980s is also summarized, which took a criminal justice approach to drug abuse. Prevention strategies discussed include supply reduction, demand reduction, and harm reduction approaches.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
2. Introductions
Fill out your answers to the questions.
Partner up with someone.
Discuss the first three questions.
Find someone new and discuss the
next three questions.
Find someone new and discuss the
last four questions.
In your last partnership, prepare to:
Introduce yourselves to the group.
Share one insight you had from discussing
the questions.
3. FOR THIS CLASS YOU NEED:
Turning Point Technologies clicker
(available online or in the WWCC
Bookstore)
To set your clicker, press CH-09-CH (or
GO-09-GO)
Drugs Across the Spectrum, 7th
edition, by William Goldberg
Access to CANVAS
Class will meet Wednesday, March 30
and Thursday, March 31.
There will be assignments to complete
online.
There will be no class Friday, April 1 or
Monday, April 4.
4. DIANA
Stop here
Take attendance via roster
Hand out the syllabus
Remind students to get
Textbook
Clicker
Access to Canvas
5. Happy second day! How are you?
0%
0%
0%
0% A. I feel great! I’m ready!
B. I feel nervous.
C. I feel overwhelmed.
D. I feel blah.
6. Why are you taking this class?
A. Going into criminal
justice.
B. Going into social
service
(psychology, social
work, counseling)
C. I have personal
experience with
addiction
D. My advisor told me
to.
Going
into
crim
inaljustice.
Going
into
socialservice...
Ihave
personalexperien..
M
yadvisortold
m
eto.
0% 0%0%0%
7. Which superpower would you like to have?
A. Invisibility
B. Power to heal
C. Ability to fly
D. Ability to read
minds
Invisibility
Pow
erto
heal
Abilityto
fly
Abilityto
read
m
inds
0% 0%0%0%
Response
10. In this class, late homework:
0%
0%
0% A. Is penalized 10%
B. Gets a zero
C. Is turned in via Canvas
11. Michelle’s office hours are:
0%
0%
0%
0% A. 12:30-1:30 pm
B. 8:30-9:30 am
C. 11:30-12:30 am
D. Whenever she’s in
12. For class discussions:
A. I participate on
Canvas
B. I must do written
prep work and
participate
C. I participate during
class
Iparticipate
on
Canvas
Im
ustdo
w
ritten
prep
w
o..
Iparticipate
duringclass
0% 0%0%
13. If 80% of the class gets a clicker question
right, each person earns an extra credit
point.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
14. Definitions
We define a drug as any substance that alters
one’s ability to function emotionally, physically,
intellectually, financially, or socially
A psychoactive drug is a substance that has the
capability of altering mood, perception, or behavior
16. Which of these is not an example of drug
misuse?
A. Mixing prescription
drugs without a doctor’s
approval
B. Taking medication with
food
C. Taking double the
prescribed dose
D. Saving or using old
medications M
ixingprescription
drug...
Takingm
edication
w
ith
...
Takingdouble
the
prescr...
Savingorusingold
m
edic...
0% 0%0%0%
17. Definitions
Abuse
Intentional and
inappropriate use of a
drug resulting in
physical, emotional,
financial, social or
intellectual
consequences.
Socially Acceptable vs
Deviant
18. Which of these is NOT an example of drug
abuse?
A. Taking medication
in the morning
B. Crushing pills to
smoke them
C. Buying someone
else’s prescription
medication
D. Taking a drink in
the morning to
cure a hangover
Takingm
edication
in
th...
Crushingpillsto
sm
oke
...
Buyingsom
eone
else’spr...
Takinga
drink
in
the
m
o...
0% 0%0%0%
19. Definitions
Addiction/Dependency
Physical Dependence
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Psychological Dependence
Cravings
Preoccupation
YOUR TEXT USES OLD LANGUAGE
New: Substance Use Disorder (mild, moderate, severe)
20. Which of these is NOT a sign of
dependency?
0%
0%
0%
0% A. Tolerance
B. Withdrawal
C. Cravings
D. Drunkenness
21. Definitions
Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
V
Substance Use Disorder
Mild
Moderate
Severe
22. A psychiatrist can diagnose someone with
addiction according to the DSM-5.
0%
0% A. True
B. False
23. Definitions
Any definition is limited and is influenced by one’s
experiences and background – and is arbitrary
24. Historical Perspective
A historical perspective on drugs provides insight
into the role that drugs have played over time
26. The problem with the previous slide is:
A. There are no
statistics
B. It doesn’t say
where the info
came from
C. Correlation does
not equal
causation
D. All of the above
There
areno
statistics
Itdoesn’tsayw
herethe
...
Correlation
doesnotequ..Alloftheabove
0% 0%0%0%
27. Categories of Psychoactive Drugs
Depressants
Suppress CNS
Alcohol,
benzodiazepine
s, inhalants
Stimulants
Accelerate CNS
Cocaine,
amphetamines,
nicotine
Narcotics
Relieve pain,
induce
euphoria
Heroin,
OxyContin
Hallucinogens
Distort the senses
LSD, peyote,
psilocybin
Marijuana
Crosses several
categories
Often classified
as hallucinogen
or depressant
Psychotherapeuti
c drugs
Control symptoms
of mental disorders
Antidepressants,
antipsychotics
28. KRISTI STOP!
Students, read Chapter 1 & 2 in your text and
complete the assignments as directed in Canvas.
30. Alcohol
Beverages may have been fermented
intentionally as early as about 10,000
BC
Early Egyptians, Hebrews, Chinese,
Greek, and Romans were fond of
alcohol
Egyptians developed distillation,
which produces a higher alcohol
content than fermentation
The Irish, Scots, Dutch, Russians,
and French all developed
characteristic alcoholic beverages
31. Alcohol
Alcohol played a significant role in early US history:
Alcohol was used as a preservative
Yeast in beer and wine supplied important nutrients
Rum was a central commodity in the slave trade
Farmers made more money from whiskey than from grain
Excise tax on whiskey sparked the
Whiskey Rebellion
Temperance Movement developed
in the 1830s
1919: national prohibition legislation
went into effect; repealed in 1933
33. Marijuana
Marijuana has been cultivated for
its fiber since 8000 BC
Chinese Emperor Shen Nung
prescribed marijuana for many
aliments 4,700 years ago
Marijuana was used in India for
festive and religious purposes by
the 2nd century BC
Greeks, Romans, Persians and
Assyrians all used marijuana for
medical purposes
34. Marijuana
In the 13th century, Marco Polo
recounted how hashishiyya
terrorized people while under the
influence of hashish
Marijuana seeds and leaves dating
back to 500 BC were found near
Berlin, Germany
Napoleon’s troops returned to
France with hashish, and soon after
other Europeans began using
marijuana
35. Marijuana
Use of marijuana was noted in the
Americas in 1545
English settlers grew marijuana
(hemp) to make clothing, rope, linens,
and blankets
By the late 1800s numerous reports
detailed cannabis use for many medical
reasons
In the early 1900s, marijuana was used
primarily by Hispanics in the Southwest
and by Blacks in ghettos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbjHO
BJzhb0
36. Marijuana has been used in all of the
following ways except:
0%
0%
0%
0% A. Medical use
B. Religious use
C. To treat
depression
D. For its fibers
37. Narcotics
The term
narcotics is used
interchangeably
with the terms
opiates or
opioids
Opiate refers to
opium and the
derivatives of
opium
1500 BC:
Egyptians used
opium for medical
purposes
38. Narcotics
The Poppy Papavar
somniferum
A 6,000 year old
Sumerian tablet
referred to the
opium poppy as the
“joy plant”
https://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=r1md
n-5E-Ao
39. Narcotics - Opium
Opium was a staple in ancient Greece
and Rome
In the Arab world, opium was widely
used because the Koran forbids alcohol
use
Opium was the central factor in a war
between the Chinese and the British
governments
Medical uses of opium became
widespread in Europe in the 16th
century, when laudanum was
developed
40. Narcotics – Morphine & Heroin
In 1805, the active ingredient in opium was identified and
called morphine
During the Civil War, morphine dependency was so
common that it was called soldier’s disease
An estimated 1 million Americans
were dependent on morphine and
other narcotics by the end of the
19th century
In 1874 a “wonder drug” was
developed to relieve pain and treat
morphine dependency – it was called
heroin
41. Opium was once legal and readily available
over-the-counter.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
42. Which of these is a naturally occurring part
of the opium plant?
0%
0%
0%
0% A. Morphine
B. Codeine
C. Heroin
D. OxyContin
43. Cocaine
People were chewing coca
leaves prior to the rise of the
Incan Empire, as early as 3000 BC
The first verified use of coca has been traced to a
gravesite in Peru from around 500 AD
When Spaniards conquered the Incas, they realized
the importance of the coca leaves to the natives
In the 19th century, a French chemist developed a
popular red wine which included active ingredients
from coca leaves
44. Cocaine
Early proponents of cocaine
included Sigmund Freud,
Robert Louis Stevenson, and
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Originally, Coca-Cola contained cocaine, and was
promoted as a “Nerve Stimulant”
Cocaine became a popular recreational drug in the
1970s
Variations that were smoked emerged: first
freebase, then inexpensive crack cocaine
45. The earliest known use of cocaine was:
A. In Coca-Cola as a
“nerve stimulant”
B. In ancient Greece
in red wine
C. By smoking it
D. Chewing coca
leaves by the
Incas
In
Coca-Colaasa
“nerve...
In
ancientGreece
in
red
...
Bysm
oking
it
Chew
ingcocaleavesbyt..
0% 0%0%0%
46. Amphetamines
Amphetamines, first synthesized in 1887, enlarge
nasal passages, raise blood pressure, and stimulate
the CNS
During World War II, troops used amphetamines to
overcome fatigue and increase their endurance
Benzedrine was available over-the-counter in 1932
for treating asthma and nasal congestion
Methamphetamines appeared
in the 1960s
47. Amphetamines are:
A. Depressants
B. Pain killers
C. Stimulants
D. Hallucinogens
Depressants
Pain
killers
Stim
ulants
Hallucinogens
0% 0%0%0%
48. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Barbiturates
Barbituric acid, a class of drugs that have
depressant effects
Barbital, a sedative-hypnotic drug used to treat
anxiety and nervousness; the original barbiturate
Nonbarbiturate Sedatives
Bromides, sedatives used to treat epileptic convulsions
Chloral hydrate, induces sleep
Paraldehyde, used with severely disturbed mental
patients
49. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Minor tranquilizers, or
antianxiety agents
Meprobamate, also used for
treating psychosomatic conditions
Benzodiazepines such as
Librium and Valium
Inhalants
Solvents, gases, and aerosols
Nitrous oxide (lauhing gas)
Ether, developed for medical
purposes
50. Medical uses of depressants include all of
the following EXCEPT:
A. Relieving anxiety
B. Inducing sleep
C. Increasing
attention
D. Controlling
seizures
Relievinganxiety
InducingsleepIncreasingattentionControllingseizures
0% 0%0%0%
51. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs - Inhalants
Inhalants are among
the first drugs used by
young children
Huffing
Sudden death
syndrome
https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=Avcz9Z1
ekcM
52. Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that
induce perceived distortions in time and
space
LSD, derived from a fungus
Psilocybin, found in certain mushrooms
Peyote, contains mescaline isolated from cactus
Over 6000 plants can alter consciousness
LSD originated from ergot fungus,
which grows on grain, and causes
the condition ergotism
53. Hallucinogens:
A. Distort the senses
B. Are usually
derived from
plants
C. Have been used to
access the
unconscious in
therapy
D. Are thought to
enhance creativity
Distortthesenses
Are
usually
derived
from
...
Havebeen
used
to
access...
Are
thoughtto
enhance
...
0% 0%0%0%
54. GROUP PROJECT
FORM A GROUP OF 4, organize your group on
Canvas
Select a subject, decide what you want to learn
Review the syllabus to be sure we are not covering it in class
SUBMIT PROPOSAL to dropbox by October 30
PRESENT your research to the class
(December 4, 7, 8, or 10 – 20 minute presentation)
TURN IN
Copy of your 2-page handout (Dec 4)
Your visual aids (Dec 4)
Your group and self evaluation (Dec 11)
This presentation is your final exam!
Editor's Notes
1. Ten years ago, I thought drugs were . . .
2. Today, I think drugs are . . .
3. My perceptions of drugs are influenced by . . .
4. My parents’ view of drugs is . . .
5. A drug is harmful when . . .
6. My peers’ view of drugs is . . .
7. A drug is . . .
8. Drug misuse is . . .
9. Drug abuse is . . .
10. Drug use is considered socially deviant when . . .
Small group brainstorm, bring ideas back to big group. Record answers to check at the end of the course.
Drug
Any substance, natural or artificial, other than food, that by its chemical nature alters structure or function in a living organism
Psychoactive drug
A drug that specifically affects thoughts, emotions, or behavior
Illicit drug
A drug that is unlawful to possess or use
Deviant drug use
Drug use that is not common within a social group and is disapproved of by the majority
Drug misuse
Use of drugs or chemicals in greater amounts than prescribed by a doctor, or for purposes other than, those intended by the manufacturer
Drug abuse
Substance use in a manner, an amount, or in situations such that it causes social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems
Drug dependence
A more precise term than addiction
A state in which an individual uses a drug so frequently or consistently that it would be difficult for the person to stop
May be physiological and/or psychological
The elderly use more prescription and over-the-counter drugs than people in other age groups.
http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Substance%20Use%20Disorder%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/dsmfactsheet/dsmfact.pdf
Alcohol Use Disorder: A Comparison Between DSM–IV and DSM–5
DSM-V - Major Changes to Addictive Disease Classifications
2010 - Marchby Bob CurleyThe first draft of the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) eliminates the disease categories for substance abuse and dependence and replaces it with a new “addictions and related disorders” -- just one of several major changes to the “Bible” used almost universally to diagnose (and get insurance reimbursement for) behavioral-health problems.
“Eliminating the category of dependence will better differentiate between the compulsive drug-seeking behavior of addiction and normal responses of tolerance and withdrawal that some patients experience when using prescribed medications that affect the central nervous system,” the APA explained in a Feb. 10 press release.
“The term dependence is misleading, because people confuse it with addiction, when in fact the tolerance and withdrawal patients experience are very normal responses to prescribed medications that affect the central nervous system,” said Charles O’Brien, M.D., Ph.D., chair of the APA’s DSM Substance-Related Disorders Work Group. “On the other hand, addiction is compulsive drug- seeking behavior which is quite different. We hope that this new classification will help end this wide-spread misunderstanding.”
The new category for addictive diseases would include a variety of “substance-use disorders” broken down by drug type, such as “cannabis-use disorder” and “alcohol-use disorder.” Diagnostic criteria for these disorders in DSM-V would remain “very similar” to those found in the current DSM-IV, according to APA. However, the symptom of “drug craving” would be added to the criteria, while a symptom that referred to “problems with law enforcement” would be eliminated “because of cultural considerations that make the criteria difficult to apply internationally,” APA said.
Also new to the DSM-V are diagnostic criteria for “cannabis withdrawal,” which the APA says is caused by “cessation of cannabis use that has been heavy and prolonged,” results in “clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning,” and is characterized by at least three of these symptoms: irritability, anger or aggression; nervousness or anxiety; sleep difficulties (insomnia); decreased appetite or weight loss; restlessness; depressed mood; and or physical symptoms such as stomach pain, shakiness or tremors, sweating, fever, chills, and headache.
Battle Over ‘Addiction’ and ‘Dependence’
The APA has gone back and forth between use of the terms “addiction” and “dependence” to describe alcohol and other drug problems, noted researcher Stanton Peele, Ph.D. “Every book I’ve written has the word “addiction” in the title, so I’m glad the term will now be recognized,” wrote Peele in the Huffington Post on Feb. 11. “But the change back may make us wonder whether we will have to reconsider every twenty years or so whether it is more beneficial or harmful to use a word loaded with cultural meanings (“addiction”), or a more neutral term (“dependence”).”
In fact, “dependence” made it into the DSM-IV by just a single vote, O’Brien noted in a May 2006 editorial in the American Journal of Psychiatry co-authored by Nora Volkow, M.D., director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and T-K Li, M.D., then-head of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
“Experience over the past two decades has demonstrated that this decision was a serious mistake,” the trio wrote. “The term ‘dependence’ has traditionally been used to describe ‘physical dependence,’ which refers to the adaptations that result in withdrawal symptoms when drugs, such as alcohol and heroin, are discontinued. Physical dependence is also observed with certain psychoactive medications, such as antidepressants and beta-blockers. However, the adaptations associated with drug withdrawal are distinct from the adaptations that result in addiction, which refers to the loss of control over the intense urges to take the drug even at the expense of adverse consequences.”
B. Trends in Drug Use
1. The perceived risk decreases as drug use increases; as drug use decreases the perceived risk increases.
2. The perceived availability of marijuana has changed little over time and, therefore, does not appear to explain differences in rates of use.
3. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health is a door-to-door survey estimating drug use in adolescents and adults in the United States.
4. Alcohol and cocaine use in 18- to 25-year-olds stays fairly consistent over time.
5. Drug use patterns seen in multiple surveys are most likely to be accurate.
6. Decreases or increases in drug use are not related to changes in government legislation, but are related to social trends.
Have Things Really Changed?
1. Humans have used psychoactive drugs for thousands of years for therapeutic and recreational purposes.
2. Drug use has affected society in many areas: religion, law, government, economics, language, and education.
This pledge card displays powerful and contrasting symbolism about temperance.
Opioids are synthetic opiates.
The poppy Papavar somniferum is the main source of nonsynthetic narcotics.
Caffeine is the number one drug of choice for many Americans.
Americans’ attitude concerning nitrous oxide was nonchalant in the first half of the 19th century.
Cigarette smoking is the single largest preventable cause mania, of illness and premature death in the United States.