This document discusses snake poisoning from venomous snake bites. It begins by classifying snakes as either poisonous or non-poisonous, and further classifying poisonous snakes. The symptoms and treatment of bites from neurotoxic, vasculotoxic, and myotoxic snakes are described. Treatment involves first aid measures to prevent venom spread, use of antivenom to neutralize toxins, and supportive care. Postmortem findings are also outlined.
Scorpions are a common arthropod found all over the world.
If threatened, a scorpion may use its long, flexible tail to sting a potential predator.
Frequently, people unknowingly come into contact with these species and experience the painful sensation of envenomation
War gases - types, action & clinical features in briefASHUTOSH POTDAR
War gases mainly include chemicals widely used in warfare against enemy. this presentation is about classification of war gases, mechansm of action & treatment to some extent.
Scorpions are a common arthropod found all over the world.
If threatened, a scorpion may use its long, flexible tail to sting a potential predator.
Frequently, people unknowingly come into contact with these species and experience the painful sensation of envenomation
War gases - types, action & clinical features in briefASHUTOSH POTDAR
War gases mainly include chemicals widely used in warfare against enemy. this presentation is about classification of war gases, mechansm of action & treatment to some extent.
Sulphuric acid as a corrosive poison. the characteristics, fatal dose, fatal time, sign and symptoms, post-mortem appearance and medicolegal importance are discussed
Various pests, fungi, weeds and rodents cause much harm to the production and storage of food grains
A large number of pesticides including insecticides, rodenticides, herbicides and fungicides are available in the market.
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
Toxicology on aluminium phosphide, the characteristics, fatal dose,fatal period, sign and symptoms, postmortem appearance and medicolegal importance are discussed.
Sulphuric acid as a corrosive poison. the characteristics, fatal dose, fatal time, sign and symptoms, post-mortem appearance and medicolegal importance are discussed
Various pests, fungi, weeds and rodents cause much harm to the production and storage of food grains
A large number of pesticides including insecticides, rodenticides, herbicides and fungicides are available in the market.
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
Toxicology on aluminium phosphide, the characteristics, fatal dose,fatal period, sign and symptoms, postmortem appearance and medicolegal importance are discussed.
Medical toxicological aspects of snakes with emphasis on classification of snakes and their venom, identification of snakes, fatal dose, fatal period, signs and symptoms of snake bite, diagnosis of snake bite, management, post-mortem findings and medico-legal aspects especially of the common Indian snakes.
Clinical features & Management of ARTHROPODS STING AND BITES.pptxvuyyuribhaargavi
Envenomation is the process by which venom is injected by the bite or sting of a venomous animal such as a snake, scorpion, spider, or insect. Arthropods can infest human skin ex: head lice.
Arthropods can inflict bites and stings. They can carry diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and filariasis. Order of insects belongs to stings are:
a) Hymenoptera - bees, wasps, hornets, fire ants.
b)Scorpionida- scorpions.
Hymenoptera venom contains
Biogenic amines (histamine, 5-HT and acetylcholine),
enzymes (phospholipase A and hyaluronidase)
toxic peptides (kinins in wasps, mast cell degranulating peptides in bees).
Clinical features & Treatment
1) Local reaction:
Clinical features
Local pain
Edema
Airway obstruction
By wasps - severe cutaneous infection & cellulitis (serious bacterial infection, skin is swollen and inflamed)
Treatment:
Remove stings
Local application – 20% Aluminium sulfate
Antihistamines – Diphenhydramine (500mg), Chlorpheniramine (4mg)
2) Allergic reaction – Tingling sensation, flushing, vomiting, Urticarial skin rash, pedal edema. Sometimes fever, malaise, renal failure.
Treatment: 0.1% adrenaline
Antihistamins, Corticosteroids
Cardiac monitoring, Analgesics, Haemodialysis- for renal failure.
Toxic reaction: Multiple stings
vasodilation, Hypotension, Fatigue, Diarrhoea, Headache
seizures, Delayed toxic reaction:
Renal failure, coagulopathy.
Treatment : Parenteral antihistamins.
Large dose corticosteroids.
Bronchodilators
Haemo dialysis.
Vit k for coagulopathy
SCORPION:
Scorpions differ in colour from straw yellow or light brown, to black.
Tail of the scorpion terminates into Bulbous enlargement called telson, which contains the stinger and venom apparatus.
venom
The main toxins include phospholipase, acetylcholinesterase, hyaluronidase, serotonin, and neurotoxins.
The venom of Buthus species of India contains phospholipase A, which causes gastrointestinal and pulmonary haemorrhages, and disseminated intravascular coagulation ( presence of severe abnormal blood clots in blood vessel)
Mode of Action
Affects Na+ channels with prolongation of Action Potentials.
Depolarisation of Nerves of both Adenergic & PSNS
Clinical features:
Local: Rapidly developing local pain, swelling, edema, lymadenopathy.
Systemic: Autonomic stimulation, Mydriasis, Profuse sweating, Excessive salivation
Urticaria, Hypertension, Convulsions, Priapism, nausea, Pulmonary oedema may develop within 2 to 3 hours leading to death, Intracerebral haemorrhage,
TREATMENT:
1) During transport to hospital:
Immobilize the affected extremity. Do NOT apply tourniquet.
Local application of ice is beneficial in relieving pain. Prolonged cryotherapy is however contraindicated.
A negative-pressure suction device may be used, if available
2)On Arrival at Hospital:
Rep. failure- Mechanical Ventilation, administer oxygen.
Pain- PCM/Morphine tabs.
Allergy- Antihistamines.
Nifidepine 10 to 20 mg (adults)
prazocin HCL, Dopamine, Diazepam, Metoclopramide, Antivenom therapy
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
8. Anatomy of Snakes
Characteristic anatomical features include
• Shape of head
• Pupils
• Nostrils
• Tail
• Upper and lower jaws contain teeth
9. Fangs along with small teeth two or
more fangs may be present ,which are
specialized,canulated teeth used to inject
venom in to prey. Fangs are connected to the
salivary glands,which produce saliva that is
poisonous for other animals and human beings .
10. Identification of Poisonous snakes
Elapid
• Head has the same width as that of neck.
• Pupils are rounded.
• Fangs are short , fixed and grooved.
11. vipers
• Pit-less vipers are more dangerous than pitted
ones.
• Head is triangular and wider than neck.
• Pupils are vertical
• Fangs are long , moveable and canalized.
12. Sea snake
• Head is small
• Tail is flat
• Fangs are short and fixeds
13. Snake venom
• Venom is the toxic saliva produced by the
parotid salivary galnds of the poisonous
snakes.
15. Mode of action
Elapids they produce neurotoxic
poisons .Their acts on motor nerve cells and acts
in a similar manner to tubocurarine poison i.e.
compete with acetylcholine at nicotinic
receptors, rendering acetylcholine inactive thus
leading to muscular weakness especially of legs
that progress to generalized paralysis.
16. vipers
Vipers produce vasculotoxic poison . Venom
produces enzymatic destruction of cell
membranes and coagulation disorders.
These actions result in
• Destruction of endothelial cells of blood
vessels
• Lyses of RBCs
• Failure of blood clotting
17. Sea snakes
They produce myotoxic poison
Venom produces
• Muscular pains
• Myoglobinuria
• respiratory failure due to muscular weakness.
19. vsculotoxic
•Local effects
• Fang mark at the site of injection.
• Intense local pain.
• Swelling.
• Oozing out of haemolyzed blood.
• Blisters may appear.
20. General effects
• Haemoglobinuria
• Petechial haemorrhages
• Bleeding from gums, mucus membranes such
as rectum and body orifices
• Haemoptysis
• Cold, clammy skin
• Death due to circulatory failure
21. Myotoxic
• Four fang marks are present
• At the site of bite no pain and swelling
• Muscle weakness
• Ptosis develops
• Generalized muscle paralysis
• Urine is brown in colour
• Respiratory muscle weakness leads to death
• Hyperkalemia may result in cardiac failure
23. General effects
• Neurotoxic effects lethargy ,
giddiness , muscular weakness and spreading
paralysis
• Increased salivation and vomiting
• Ptosis and paralysis of extra ocular muscles
• Breathing becomes slow and laboured
• Patient remains conscious but unable to speak
• Finally respiratory paralysis consequently death
24. Fatal dose 4mg of krait venom
• 16mg of dried venom of cobra
• 40mg of viper venom
Fatal period Death occurs within few
min to few to few hours in cobra poisoning and few
says in viper poisoning
26. Steps of Treatment
• Shifting the victim to medical aid center
• Allaying anxiety and fright
• Prevention of spread of venom
• Use of antivenin
27. Allaying anxiety and Fright
To prevent the shock due to fright it is
desirable to reassure the victim by clarifying
that
• All snakes are not poisonous
• Even poisonous snakes are not fully charged
with poison all the time
• Even a snake with fully charged with poison
does not always inject it’s lethal dose
28. Prevention of spread of Venom
Through
• Immobilization
• Application of tourniquet
• Cleaning the wound
• Local emetine injection
• Incision and suction at the site
29. Use of Antivenin
Types of antivenin
• specific antivenin
• polyvalent antivenin
strength of polyvalent antivenin is
1ml will neutralize 0.6mg of dried cobra venom
0.45mg of dried krait venom,0.6mg of dried
russel’s viper venom and 0.45mg of dried saw-
scaled viper venom
30. Neutralize Toxin at Tissue Level
• Neostigmine and atropine administration in
elapid snakebite.
• Heparin and fibrinogen in viper snakebite.
31. General Measures
• Artificial respiration
• Blood Transfusion
• Steroids
• Antihistamines
• Antibiotics
• Stimulants are helpful in paralytic cases
• Aspirin short acting barbiturates
32. Postmortem Appearance
• One or two bite marks.
• Some swelling and cellulitis about the bitten part.
• In case of neurotoxic venom signs of asphyxia.
• In case of viper bite local appearances are amore striking due to
severe oozing of blood from puncture site.
• Haemorrhages in the lungs and in the serous membranes.
• Endocardial haemorrhages are seen especially in left ventricle.
• Petechiae are also found within the kidney pelvis,and mucosa of
urinary bladder,stomach, and intestines.
• Blood fails to clot normally even after addition of thrombin.
• Arterioles and capillaries are characterised by blurred walls and
swollen endothelial cells.
• Necrosis of renal tubules and cloudy swelling and granular changes
in the cells of other organs.