The document outlines the historical and cultural significance of tobacco and hallucinogenic drug smoking across different regions, from ancient times to modernity, highlighting the spread of tobacco use globally following European colonization. It details the health risks associated with smoking, including various cancers and heart diseases, emphasizing smoking as a major cause of preventable death. The text also addresses smoking trends in Lithuania, including laws regulating tobacco use, and discusses anti-smoking initiatives within the European Union.

1. Smoking
Marija Butkevičiutė
&
Vėjūna Guzulaitytė

2. History

3. Tobacco and various
hallucinogenic
drugs were smoked
all over the
Americas as early as
5000 BC in
shamanistic rituals.

4. The Maya employed it in classical times (at least from
the 10th century) and the Aztecs included it in their
mythology.
A carving from the temple
at Palenque, Mexico, depicting a Mayan
priest using a smoking tube.
Aztec women are handed flowers and
smoking tubes before eating at a
banquet,Florentine Codex, 16th
century.

5. In North America the most common
form of smoking was in pipes, which
today are best known as the peace
pipes offered both to other tribes and
later European settlers as a gesture of
goodwill and diplomacy.

6. By the time Europeans arrived
in the Americas in the late 15th
century there was widespread
use of tobacco smoking as a
recreational activity.

7. After the European exploration
and subsequent colonization of
the Americas in the 16th century,
the smoking, cultivation and
trading of tobacco quickly spread
to all corners of the globe.
'drinking smoke’.

8. Europe
Gentlemen Smoking and Playing Backgammon in an
Interior

9. A frenchman
named Jean
Nicot (from whose
name the word
nicotine is derived)
introduced tobacco to
France in 1560.

10. Pipe smoking and snuff had become
popular in London during the 17th
Century and later smoking cigars
became the trend but it wasn't until the
mid 1800's that the cigarette as we
know it was manufactured.

11. The Middle East
Cannabis smoking was common in the
Middle East before the arrival of
tobacco, and was early on a common
social activity that centered around the
type of water pipe called a hookah.

12. A Persian girl smoking by Muhammad Qasim. Isfahan,
17th century.

13. South Asia
Cannabis smoking in India has been
known at least since 2000 BC.
In Indonesia, a specific type of
cigarette which
includes cloves called kretek was
invented in the early 1880s as a way of
delivering the therapeutic properties
of clove oil, or eugenol, to the lungs.

14. Djarum Blacks, a popular brand of Indonesian
clove-flavoured cigarettes called kretek.

15. East Asia
While the southern Europeans
began smoking earlier, it was the
long-stemmed pipes of the
northerners that became popular
in East and Southeast Asia.
Tobacco smoking arrived through
expatriates in the Philippines and
was introduced as early as the
1570s.
A man smoking
a kiseru on the cover

16. Sub-Saharan Africa
Cannabis smoking was introduced
to Sub-Saharan
Africa through Ethiopia and the east
African coast by either Indian or Arab
traders in the 13th century or earlier.
Tobacco was introduced around 1600 by
french merchants.

17. Tobacco and cannabis were used,
much like elsewhere in the world, to
confirm social relations, but also
created entirely new ones.
A Nama woman smoking in
the Kalahari
Desert in Namibia.

18. Flavored tobacco
is very popular for
use with water
pipes.

19. The second most common substance
that is smoked is cannabis.

20. An allegedly healthier alternative to
smoking appeared in 2004 with the
introduction of electronic cigarettes.

21. Efects to
human body

22. Starting at the Top
A smoker, risks for
cancer of the mouth.
Tobacco smoke can also
cause gum disease,
tooth decay and bad
breath.
Smokers may
experience frequent
headaches.

23. Lungs and Bronchi
Moving down to chest, smoke passes
through the bronchi, or breathing
tubes.
Because the bronchi are weakened,
there are more likely to get bronchial
infections.
Mucus secretion in lungs is impaired,
also leading to chronic coughing.

24. Smoking and the Heart
The effects of smoking on heart are
devastating. Nicotine raises blood
pressure and makes the blood clot
more easily. Carbon monoxide robs
the blood of oxygen and leads to the
development of cholesterol deposits
on the artery walls.

25. Smoking and the Body's Organs
The tars in smoke can trigger cancer
of the esophagus and throat.
Smoking causes increased stomach
acid secretion, leading to heartburn
and ulcers.

26. The Results
Forty percent of men who are heavy smokers
will die before they reach retirement age, as
compared to only 18 percent of nonsmokers.
Women who smoke face an increased risk of
cervical cancer, and pregnant women who
smoke take a chance with the health of their
unborn babies.

27. Smoking is one of the biggest single causes of
preventable disease and premature death in a
large number of mainly developed countries
around the world.

28. Over 70% of smokers between the ages of 35
and 44 who die of coronary heart disease, die
prematurely due to smoking. In teenagers who
smoke, early signs of heart disease, such as the
building up of fatty deposits in the arteries, can
be detected.
Smoking also causes strokes and heart attacks.
Another major illness and cause of death from
smoking is chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD).

29. Smoking reduces a person's life
expectancy from anything from 7
years to 30 years.

30. As well as having long-term
negative effects on a person's
health, smoking also has
immediate effects on the body.

31. In the long-term, smoking
causes other diseases apart
from those mentioned above.
Here is a list of diseases,
illnesses and other effects that
are caused by smoking:

32. Lung cancer
Cancer of the mouth
Cancer of the throat
Cancer of the larynx
Cancer of the oesophagus
Stomach cancer
Kidney cancer
Cancer of the bladder
Cancer of the pancreas
Liver cancer
Cancer of the penis
Cancer of the anus
Cervical cancer
Prostate cancer
Heart attack
Coronary heart disease
Cardiovascular disease
Congestive heart failure
Stroke
Atherosclerosis
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Peripheral artery disease
Ischaemic heart disease
Angina
Leukaemia
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Pneumonia
Asthma
Diabetes

33. Stomach ulcers
Cataracts
Gum disease
High blood pressure
Crohn's disease
Premature aging of the
skin
Loss of smell and taste
Osteoporosis (women)
Gangrene
Impotence
Reduced fertility

34. BRAIN
Nicotine affects a smoker’s brain
chemistry.
Nicotine affects a smoker’s mood.
Tobacco smoke is a major cause of
stroke.

35. EYES
Smokers have a two to three times
greater chance of developing
cataracts, a leading cause of
blindness.
A cataract causes the cells around
the lens to turn white.

36. MOUTH AND THROAT
Smokers are more likely to get peridontitis
(gum disease).
Smoking causes mouth cancer.
Smoking causes cancer of the larynx.
Smoking causes cancer of the esophagus.
Smokers are more likely to have upper
respiratory tract infections—sore throat and
colds.

37. LUNGS
Smokers are at greater risk of lung cancer.
Smokers have more respiratory illnesses,
including pneumonia, bronchitis, and colds.
Smoking causes emphysema and other
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
(COPD).
Smoking is related to asthma among
children and teens.

38. HEART
Smoking is a leading cause of
coronary heart disease.
Smoking causes
atherosclerosis, or hardening
of the arteries. Most cases of
stroke, coronary heart disease,
and artery disease are caused
by atherosclerosis.
Smoking causes abdominal
aortic aneurism, a bulge in the
wall of the aorta near the
stomach, the 13 th leading
cause of death in the U.S.

39. STOMACH
Smokers are more likely to get
peptic ulcers than nonsmokers.
Smoking causes stomach cancer.

40. PANCREAS
Smoking causes pancreatic cancer.

41. KIDNEYS
Smoking causes kidney cancer.

42. BLADDER
Smoking causes bladder cancer.

43. PREGNANCY
Secondhand smoke can
cause sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS) in babies.
Smoking can cause babies to
be born prematurely, and
have lower birth weight,
respiratory diseases, and
other illnesses. Low birth
weight is the leading cause of
infant death.
Nicotine in the bloodstream
can restrict the amount of
oxygen the baby receives.
Smoking can cause cervical
cancer.

44. Smoking in
Lithuania

45. Trend in male and female smoking prevalence in
Lithuania, 1990-2005 (Source: WHO-
HFA database, 2007)

46. Smoking is the most common
addictive disease in Lithuania. It
is widely spread between both
men and women. Interesting
that it is more popular with
young people than with old
ones.

47. In a poll, which was made,
13,5% of respondents were
to 14 years, 15,6% - 15-18
years, 17,7% - 19-21 years.
19,1% of respondents were
22-25 years, 19,9% - 26-35
years. And only 10,6% of all
respondents were 36-45
years old.

48. 54,6% of these respondents
claim, that their health is good
and 34,8% of them find it right
enough.

49. This poll showed, that most of people
start smoking in a early age: 41,1% of
the respondents started smoking while
they were less than 14 years and 34%
of them – while they were between 15
and 18 years.

50. 67,4% of respondents smoke
cigarettes. 29,8% did not want to
mention what they smoke.

51. This poll had a smoker type:
36,2% of respondents claim to be more
watchful and vigorous after smoking;
18,4% of them claim that they like to lie
down and relax while smoking;
5% of these smokers like to play with a
cigarette while smoking;
9,9% are total addicts – they get stressed
when cigarettes come to an end.

52. 6,4% of respondents lighten up their
cigarettes without even noticing that;
17,7% of these smokers smoke when
they get into a temper or when they are
just in a bad mood.
Other respondents believe, that smoking
helps them communicate with other
people.

53. 30,5% of all
respondents
complain
about
insomnia.

54. This poll showed, that family is very
important in this situation – most of
smokers (in this poll – 46,1%!) come
from a family in which smoking is usual.
Other important thing, which came up
during this poll, is that most of these
smokers have tried to break off a
smoking habit, but they never
succeeded.

55. Laws

56. Lithuanian laws reglament that:
It is forbidden to smoke in all education,
health care buildings, halls, work places with
no special smoking rooms.
It is forbidden to smoke in all living
accommontations if there are any non-
smokers.
It is forbidden to smoke in all types of public
transport.

57. Hotels, restaurants and cafeterias should have
a separate place for non-smokers.
Local governments have the right to forbid
smoking in public places.
Employers have to take care of the signs,
which notificate, that it is forbiden to smoke in
particular area.

58. There also some other restrictions:
Lithuanian government forbade cigarette
advertisements (however there are some
exceptions).
European Union requested that all
tobacco products must be marked as
harmful.
You can not buy cigarettes in Lithuania
unless you are over 18 years old.

60. Tobacco can not be sold to younger
people than 18 years;
Tobacco products are eliminated from
self-service shelves;
It is forbidden to sell sweets and candy
in packs that give any association of
cigarettes.
It is forbidden to sell cigarettes apiece
or to sell unfull packs of cigarettes.

61. Members/Partners in Lithuania
MEMBERS
Lithuanian National Tobacco and Alcohol
Control Coalition
www.koalicija.org
Kaunas Drug Abuse Help Centre for Youth
www.jaunimo-centras.lt

62. National Drug Prevention
Council
NGO Nauja Pradzia
Parents Against Drugs
Public Health Students
Society VSSD
Slauliai Public Health
Centre
www.svsc.lt
VSI Sugrizimas
www.sugrizimas.lt
VSI Jesuit Gymnasium
www.kjg.lt
VSI D & DM
WHO Regional Office
Country Office Lithuania
www.euro.who.int
Youth Health Centre

63. Europe

65. Smoking in European countries

66. The European Union does it‘s best to
turn Europe into a smoke-free zone.
Health Commissioner launched a
public debate in Brussels and raised
the prospect of EU-wide legislation to
achieve this goal.

67. Officials say passive smoking kills
79,000 Europeans per year - about one
in nine of all tobacco-related deaths.

69. Some facts:
• Ireland was the first EU country to ban
smoking in all indoor public spaces
• Some other EU countries have introduced
partial bans, which allow smoking rooms in
bars and restaurants. After one year, there
was a polle and more then 80% of
respondents across the EU said they favored a
ban in all public indoor spaces.

70. ENSP - European Network for Smoking
and Tobacco Prevention
 Association of Lithuanian Day
Care Centres
www.org.lcn.lt
 Bishop M. Valancius
Temperance Movement
 Kaunas Public Health Centre
www.kvsc.lt
 Lithuanian Christian Youth
Temperance Union Zingsnis
www.zingsnis.lt
 Lithuanian Medical Students
Association LiMSA
www.limsa.lt
 Lithuanian National
Consumers Federation
 Lithuanian Non-Smokers
Association
 Lithuanian Public Health
Association
www.lvsa.lt
 Lithuanian School Student
Union LMS
www.moksleiviai.lt
 National Association of
Catholic Schools NACS
www.nkma.lcn.lt

72. European smoking
bans

73. Ban in all enclosed public
spaces:
•Ireland;
•UK.

74. Ban with exception for sealed
ventilated smoking rooms:
• Italy;
• Malta;
• Sweden;
• Estonia;
• France;
• Finland.

75. Ban with other kinds of
exception in hospitality sector:
• Belgium;
• Cyprus;
• Latvia;
• Lithuania;
• Slovenia;
• Romania;
• Netherlands;
• Spain.

80. Support for smoking bans in European
countries

81. UEFA announced that it will enforce a complete ban
on the use, sale or promotion of tobacco in all stadia
involved in UEFA EURO 2012. The regulation will apply
without exception to all spaces within stadia
perimeters, both indoors and outdoors. This tobacco-
free policy was developed and will be implemented in
collaboration with the World Health Organization
(WHO), World Heart Federation, European Healthy
Stadia Network, local organising committees in the
host countries, Poland and Ukraine, and local health
advocacy groups.

82. Smoking at school

83. How to solve this problem?
• Children should be taught about smoking lesions from
very young age. That type of prevention is most
gainful when it is used with imagination, because
then children will be interested and pay more
attention to what is being said.
• Young boys should be taught not to follow adults bad
example, they should understand that smoking
doesn‘t make someone a man.
• Social workers should organise a prevential cluster.
Children should be encouraged to take part in it.
• Schools should cooperate with preventional
organisations.

84. There is a worldwide organisation
called Save the Children. It unifies
different culture, religion and age
people from all over the world. It‘s
goal is not only to help children in
complicated situations but also to deal
with some relevant problems. One of
them is smoking.

85. Sources:
www.en.wikipedia.org
http://www.helpwithsmoking.com
http://www.quitsmoking.com/kopykit/reports/body.htm
http://www.bam.gov/teachers/activities/smoking.pdf
http://www.who.int/tobacco/media/en/Lithuania.pdf
http://apklausa.lt/f/rukymo-problema-lietuvoje-3246/answers
http://mesti.rukyti.lt/straipsniai/rukymo-prevencija-seimos-ir-
valstybes-rupestis.html
http://www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/facts-
figures/whats-in-a-cigarette.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/conditions/smoki
ng_health_effects.shtml
http://www.eupedia.com/forum/showthread.php?22386-
Smoking-poll-do-you-smoke

86. Thank you for your attention 