This document discusses smart transmitters, which are microprocessor-based transmitters that can perform calculations and diagnostics. It describes how smart transmitters include an extra sensor to compensate for environmental disturbances and use digital communication protocols. It also summarizes the main types of process instrumentation transmitters, including those for measuring flow, temperature, pressure, and level. The advantages of smart transmitters are improved accuracy and stability with reduced maintenance needs.

1. A.D.Patel Institute of
Technology
 Subject :- Food Processing Instrumentation & Control
( 2151402 )
 Topic :- Smart Transmitters
 Dept. :- Food Processing Technology
 Prepared By :- Akanksha Parmar ( 170010114022)
Jemishkumar Parmar ( 170010114024 )
 Submitted To :- Prof. Dipsa Patel

3. What are the Smart Transmitters ?
• A smart transmitter is a microprocessor-
based transmitter which includes a signal
processing system. The smart transmitter has
one extra inbuilt sensor, the purpose of this
sensor is to measure the atmospheric
parameter which gives the compensate for,
environmental disturbances.

4. • Smart transmitters are microprocessor-based
transmitters that can perform calculations,
produce diagnostics. They are useful in
remote area communication and calibration
process. The sensor signal transmitter into a
unified standard signal: 0/4-20mADC, 1-5VDC,
0-10VDc. The output control signal is standard
such as 4-20mA.

5. • A smart sensor is insensitive to noise and
which use the digital communication protocol
that can be used for reading transmitter
measurement and configure various settings
in the transmitter.
• The microprocessor/microcontroller is
available with memory where we can write
our settings in. Long range communication is
possible with 4-20mA signal, thus twisted pair
wire is used.

6. • A smart transmitter is a microprocessor-based
transmitter which includes a signal processing
system.
• The smart transmitter has one extra inbuilt
sensor, the purpose of this sensor is to
measure the atmospheric parameter which
gives the compensate for, environmental
disturbances

7. • There is two output provided, the 4-20mA
analog signal and digital value through HART
modem. HART signal is used during
calibration. The communication standard used
by smart transmitters is the Hart protocol,
which employs frequency shift keying (FSK).

8. Various Types of Process
Instrumentation Transmitters
• There are four basic types of transmitters that
are used for process instrumentation. All of
them have multiple common types that are
used for various industrial applications.

9. Various Types of
Process
Instrumentation
Transmitters
Flow Temperature
Thermocouple Type
RTD Type
Pressure
Absolute Transmitter
Gauge Transmitter
Differential
Transmitter
Level
Point Level
Continuous Level:
Ultrasonic Level
Conductive Level
Pneumatic Level
Capacitance Level
Hydrostatic based

10. Flow
• As the name suggests, these transmitters
provide measurements on the flow of liquid or
fluid. This transmitter type consists of a
transmitter and a flow sensor in one product.
This allows it to generate an output up to
20mA. Flow transmitters are designed using
different technologies, these include
ultrasonic flow sensors, differential pressure
flow sensors, and velocity flow sensors.

11. Temperature
• The design of temperature transmitters
includes a transmitter, and a temperature
sensor. The sensor sends a signal to the
transmitters, which calculates the
temperature, and converts it into an output
signal. There are two common types of
temperature transmitters:

12. Temperature
Thermocouple Type
A temperature transmitter with a
thermocouple sensor is capable of
calculating temperature by
measuring the electromotive force
created by a change in process
temperature.
RTD Type
This temperature transmitter
comprises RTD sensors which
change electrical resistance due to
the change in process temperature.
The relationship between these two
aspects is used to calculate the
temperature.

13. Pressure
Absolute Transmitter
This transmitter take vacuum
pressure as its base, and then
measures process pressure.
Gauge Transmitter
This type measures process
pressure with the location’s
atmospheric pressure as a base.
Differential Transmitter
When sensing units are
introduced to multiple pressures
as inputs, differential
transmitters measure the
differences between the various
pressures.

14. Smart Pressure Transmitters
• The Series 3400 Smart Pressure Transmitter is
a microprocessor-based high
performance transmitter, which has
flexible pressure calibration, push button
configuration, and is programmable using
HART Communication.
• The transmitter software compensates for
thermal effects, improving performance.

15. Level
• These transmitters are designed to measure
the level of a liquid of solid within an enclosed
space or vessel. There are seven types of level
transmitters, which include:
1. Point Level: These are designed to provide
an output signal when a particular
measurement level has been reached. The
output signal can be an electrical signal to
turn on a switch, or an audible alarm.

16. 2. Continuous Level: This transmitter measures
level within a particular range. It is also designed
to provide updated measurements as the level
changes.
3. Ultrasonic Level: Ultrasonic level transmitters
allow for non-contact level measurements of
bulk solids, or viscous liquids.

17. 4. Conductive Level: This type is used to
measure different types of liquids at point level.
Liquids can include water, caustic soda, and
hydrochloric acids, and other corrosive fluids.
5. Pneumatic Level: These transmitters are ideal
for applications that comprise slurry or sludge.
They can be used in applications that does not
have electricity.

18. 6. Capacitance Level: This transmitter type is
used to provide continuous measurement of
non-conductive liquids that have a high
dielectric constant.
7. Hydrostatic based: As the name suggests, this
transmitter relies on hydrostatic pressure to
determine the level of a liquid.

19. Other main features
• Often incorporate multiple sensors covering
different measurement ranges and allow
automatic selection of the required range. The
range can be readily altered if initially
estimated incorrectly.
• Can adjust for non-linearities to produce a
linear output
• Self-calibration: Capability that allows
removal of zero drift and sensitivity drift
errors.

20. • Self-diagnosis and fault detection: Self-
diagnostic capability that allows them to
report problems or requirements for
maintenance. The best theoretical approach
to this difficulty is to apply mathematical
modelling techniques to the sensor and plant
in which it is working, with the aim of
detecting inconsistencies in data from the
sensor. It is not used widely as it is a little
expensive.

21. Advantages
• Improved accuracy and repeatability
• Long-term stability is improved and required
recalibration frequency is reduced
• Reduced maintenance cost
• Single penetration into the measured process
rather than the multiple penetration required
by discrete devices, making installation easier
and cheaper

22. • Allowing remote recalibration or re-ranging by
sending a digital signal to them
• Reduction in number of spare instruments required,
since one spare transmitter can be configured to
cover any range and so replace any faulty
transmitter.
• Ability to store last calibration date and indicate
when next calibration is required.
• Long-term stability is improved and required
recalibration frequency is reduced
• Ability to store data so that plant and instrument
performance can be analysed

23. Reference
• https://www.transmittershop.com/blog/look-
various-types-industrial-transmitters-part-ii
• https://automationforum.in/t/basics-of-
smart-transmitters/3030

24. • Thank You