There were 4 waves of smart school implementation in Malaysia between 1999-2020. Wave 1 from 1999-2002 piloted smart school programs in 87 schools. Wave 2 from 2002-2005 focused on improving teaching effectiveness and stakeholder buy-in for nationwide expansion. Waves 3 and 4 from 2005-2020 aimed to have 10,000 smart schools by 2010 and make technology an integral part of learning. Key components of a smart school included teaching and learning, management, people skills, processes, policies, and technology. Challenges included the need for more teacher ICT training, infrastructure limitations, passive students, ensuring technical expertise, and managing increased electricity usage.