Smart Cities – The Security Aspects
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This document discusses key aspects of developing a security program for smart cities. It recommends taking a holistic approach that involves clear roles and responsibilities, security by design, privacy impact assessments, vendor management, citizen education, and incident response planning. Standards like ISO and NIST provide guidance, but new IoT security standards are still needed. Overall, smart city security requires leadership, engagement across stakeholders, and managing risks from new technologies.
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Smart Cities – The Security Aspects
- 1. Standards, Security, and Audit Smart Cities – The Security Aspects
- 2. Graeme Parker Managing Director - Parker Solutions Group Extensive experience delivering Cyber Security, Business Continuity and Risk Management solutions in multiple sectors including Government, Financial Services, City Authorities, Health Services, Electrical and Power to organizations across the globe. Graeme provides consulting at the strategic, tactical and operational levels, conducts and leads audits and leads numerous training events worldwide. Contact Information +44(0)1609 760293 graeme@parkersolutionsgroup.co.uk www.parkersolutionsgroup.co.uk https://uk.linkedin.com/in/graemeparker twitter.com/parkerinfosol https://www.facebook.com/Parker- Solutions-Group-113377915344272/
- 3. 3 City, Town, Municipality Definition • a large or important town. • (in the U.S.) an incorporated municipality, usually governed by a mayor and a board of aldermen or councilmen. • the inhabitants of a city collectively: • The entire city is mourning his death. • (in Canada) a municipality of high rank, usually based on population. • (in Great Britain) a borough, usually the seat of a bishop, upon which the dignity of the title has been conferred by the crown. • the commercial and financial area of London, England. • a city-state.
- 4. 4 Urbanization UN 2015 • 50% of today’s world population live in urban areas (3.5 Billion) • By 2030 this is predicted to rise to 60% • 60% then now will be much different to 60% today • 1 in 8 currently live in one of the worlds 28 “Mega Cities” • By 2050 it is predicted that 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be “urbanized” • 95% of Urban Growth by 2050 is expected to take place in developing countries
- 5. 5 Challenges and Opportunities Challenges • Greater demand for natural resources – e.g. water and energy • Demands on services – Education, healthcare, waste management etc. • Increasing pollution and impacts on biodiversity • Climate change impact – cities take up 2% of Earths land but account for 80% energy use and 75% carbon emissions (UN 2014) • Pressure on housing and other resources can contribute to poverty and crime and other social problems • Cities are at risk of climate change impacts such as flooding and weather events.
- 6. 6 Challenges and Opportunities Its not all bad.. Cities provide many opportunities including: • Job and career opportunities • Flow of ideas and business • Ability to meet social aspirations of people • Global connectivity and influence • Incubators for new ideas, business and innovation • Centres for education and learning
- 7. 7 Rising to the Challenge To meet these challenges cities are aiming to become: But what does that mean??
- 8. 8 Smart City BSI 2014 one of many definitions ‘the effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens’ (BSI, 2014).
- 10. 10 Smart City Examples Masdar City – A brand new sustainable City
- 11. 11 Smart City Examples Rio – An existing city adopting Smart technologies
- 12. 12 Smart Cities Core Elements Element Issues Citizens Trust, accessibility, ease of use, top down/bottom up, co-creation Leadership and Strategy Strategy, effective leadership, inclusive decision making, stakeholder engagement, partnerships Innovation and Enterprise Ecosystems, data economy, finance business models Infrastructure, technology, and data Future proofing, resilience, sensors, data, privacy, security and ethics Measurement and learning City performance, metrics and indicators, ideas sharing
- 13. 13 Open Data Open Data Institute Open data is data that anyone can access, use or share. Simple as that. When big companies or governments release non- personal data, it enables small businesses, citizens and medical researchers to develop resources which make crucial improvements to their communities.
- 14. 14 Smart City Information and System Assets City Assets Assets Infrastructure Publically Owned Private sector infrastructure Citizen owned data Open data Private data Sensors and IoT devices Industrial Control Systems Citizen assets Databases Applications Smart Devices
- 15. 15 Threats – Traditional definition ISO 27000, clause 2.77 Potential cause of an unwanted incident which may result in harm to a system or an organization But what about the city? The harm is much wider!!
- 16. 16 Sources of Threat Threat Source Examples 1 Organized Crime Theft of personal data Ransomware 2 Terrorist Groups Distributed Denial of Service Attack Intelligence gathering 3 Disgruntled Citizens Service disruption Website de-facement 4 Suppliers Human error Design and security flaws 5 Foreign Intelligence or Hostile State Eavesdropping and surveillance Sabotage 6 Commercial Entities Resale of citizen data Invasion of privacy 7 Natural Events Floods Power Outages
- 17. 17 Security Programme A city wide security programme is required To manage the many different assets and potential risks a city wide security programme is needed • All cities differ in terms of stakeholders and their contribution to security but ultimately security policy should be set by the city authorities (e.g. sponsors of the city initiatives) But where do we start? Are there any standards?
- 18. 18 Smart City Standards BSI PAS 180:2014 – Smart Cities – Vocabulary PAS 181:2014 – Smart city framework – Guide to establishing strategies for smart cities and communities PAS 182:2014 – Smart city concept model – Guide for establishing a model for data interoperability Hypercat – A standard for secure and interoperable IoT for Cities – PAS 212:2016 – Automatic resource discovery for the Internet of Things – Specification ITU – FGSSC – Sustainable Cities Focus Groups
- 19. 19 Security Standards Standard Purpose ISO/IEC 27001 Specifies the requirements for an Information Security Management System ISO/IEC 27002 Specifies a code of practice and security controls to manager risks NIST SP 800-82 Specifies a security programme and control for SCADA and Industrial Control Systems OWASP Describes web application security controls PCI-DSS Details requirements for the security of cardholder data ISO/IEC 29100 Specifies the requirements for a Privacy Framework Government Standards and Guides Designed to address local risks and protect government assets ISO/IEC 27035 Designed for Incident Response But where is the IOT Security Standards???
- 20. 20 Highlights of the Smart City Security Programme • Clearly Defined Roles and Responsibilities • Clear Asset Ownership • Security by Design • Privacy Impact Assessments • Vendor Management and Partnership • Engagement with Authorities • Citizen Education and Engagement • Security Incident Response Processes
- 21. 21 Roles and Responsbilities • Roles and Asset Ownership need to be clear • This could be within a city authority, vendor, or other organisation but must be clear to all involved
- 22. 22 Highlights of the Smart City Security Programme Security by Design • Security by design means: • Ensuring security professionals are engaged from the initiation of an idea • Defining an approach to Security Architecture • Ensuring relevant security standards are consulted and minimum standards are defined • Challenging vendors and suppliers to meet standards • Making security criteria part of quality criteria • Ensuring security is tested at logical points with clear acceptance criteria • Considering an Accreditation Strategy • Agile is not a reason to ignore all of the above
- 23. 23 Highlights of the Smart City Security Programme Privacy by Design • If we consider Security by Design then we need to also consider Citizens Privacy • Privacy Impact Assessments should be integral to the launch of all new Citizen services or to changes in Citizen Services Privacy impact assessments (PIAs) are a tool that you can use to identify and reduce the privacy risks of your projects. A PIA can reduce the risks of harm to individuals through the misuse of their personal information. It can also help you to design more efficient and effective processes for handling personal data. - UK Information Commissioner
- 24. 24 Highlights of the Smart City Security Programme Vendor Management For most smart cities vendors will be appointed or even play an integral role through public/private partnerships or joint ventures. • Ensuring that vendors at all levels address security issues is vital. • An error in the chain can have significant impacts • A clear vendor management process will be central to the programme.
- 25. 25 Engagement with Authorities National, Regional and International Standards City Authorities should stay ahead of developments and can play a key role in shaping future standards, laws and regulations. This could be at an International Level – E.g. ISO standards. Sector level – E.g. influencing standards on IoT security amongst vendors Multinational Level – E.g. influencing policy or guidance at EU or OECD level
- 26. 26 Citizen Engagement and Education Smart Citizens Engaging Citizens is key to seizing the opportunities of Smart Cities. It can also ensure understand their rights and how they can protect themselves and other stakeholders Citizens can be: • Consumers • Producer • Prosumer • Co-creators
- 27. 27 Citizen Engagement and Education Smart Citizens How to engage and educate? • Community Platforms such as Smart Citizen • Projects aimed at all age groups and sectors of society • Project Engagement – Waag Society • Hackathons • Soliciting feedback/surveys • Information Security Awareness Campaigns • Engagement events
- 28. 28 IncidentsDisaster Management Incidents and Events High Risk occurrence and low impact Low Risk occurrence and high impact Managed by the incident management process Managed by the business continuity and emergency management processes Management of Residual Risk
- 29. 29 Key Messages • Smart City Security is a multi stakeholder activity • It takes leadership and engagement • It is vital not just to protect information but to protect citizens and everything that a citizens depend upon • It is a mutli disciplinary activity with security touching every part of smart city planning, development, maintenance and operations • Industry needs to work on IoT Security Standards so we can be confident in the devices deployed in Smart Cities
- 30. 30 Key Messages A Truly Smart City http://in.nec.com/en_IN/blog/smart-cities- shaping-indias-future.html
- 31. THANK YOU ? 123 456 789 name.surname@domain.com www.domain.com linkedin.com/name.surname twitter.com/name.surname fb.com/name.surname
Editor's Notes
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law. Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, sometimes benefiting both parties in the process, but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth. A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. Damascus is arguably the oldest city in the world. In terms of population, the largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest-growing is Dubai. The following article gives some interesting reading on urban growth: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/nov/23/cities-in-numbers-how-patterns-of-urban-growth-change-the-world
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law. Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, sometimes benefiting both parties in the process, but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth. A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. Damascus is arguably the oldest city in the world. In terms of population, the largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest-growing is Dubai. The following article gives some interesting reading on urban growth: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/nov/23/cities-in-numbers-how-patterns-of-urban-growth-change-the-world
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law. Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, sometimes benefiting both parties in the process, but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth. A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. Damascus is arguably the oldest city in the world. In terms of population, the largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest-growing is Dubai. The following article gives some interesting reading on urban growth: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/nov/23/cities-in-numbers-how-patterns-of-urban-growth-change-the-world
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law. Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, sometimes benefiting both parties in the process, but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth. A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. Damascus is arguably the oldest city in the world. In terms of population, the largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest-growing is Dubai. The following article gives some interesting reading on urban growth: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/nov/23/cities-in-numbers-how-patterns-of-urban-growth-change-the-world
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law. Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, sometimes benefiting both parties in the process, but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth. A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. Damascus is arguably the oldest city in the world. In terms of population, the largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest-growing is Dubai. The following article gives some interesting reading on urban growth: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/nov/23/cities-in-numbers-how-patterns-of-urban-growth-change-the-world