This document discusses small, medium, and big data. It provides an overview of semantic web technologies like RDF, OWL, and SPARQL. It then covers the characteristics of big data, known as the 3Vs - volume, variety, and velocity. The document discusses different database types like relational databases, NoSQL databases including key-value stores, document databases, and graph databases. It also covers big data processing techniques like MapReduce and Hadoop.

1. Small, Medium & Big Data
Pierre De Wilde
23 November 2012
ULB - MASTIC
http://mastic.ulb.ac.be

2. Sir Tim Berners-Lee
http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/

3. Semantic Web Trends
http://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=semantic%20web

4. Linked Data Trends
http://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=semantic%20web%2C%20linked%20data

5. Linked Data Cloud
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

6. Semantic Web
Semantic
URI, RDF(S), OWL, SPARQL
Web
Scale ?

7. Web Scale
Million of servers
Billion of users
Billion of objects
=> it's really Big

8. Big Data Trends
http://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=semantic%20web%2C%20big%20data

9. Big Data 3 V's
It's not only about big volume of data...

10. V for ...
Source: Anonymous

11. V for ...
Volume
Scale
Sources
Variety
Relational
NoSQL
Velocity
Operational
Analytical

12. V for ...
Volume
Scale
Sources
Variety
Relational
NoSQL
Velocity
Operational
Analytical

13. How Big is our Data?
M mega million 106
G giga billion 109
T tera trillion 1012
P peta quadrillion 1015
E exa quintillion 1018
Z zetta sextillion 1021
Y yotta septillion 1024
Check The Powers of Ten (1977) on YouTube

14. Big Data Sources
Million of servers (logs)
Billion of users (social networks)
Billion of devices (smartphones)
+ Time/Space = Big Data

15. Big Data Examples
Facebook collects 500 TB per day (1)
Google processes 24 PB per day (2)
We create 2.5 EB per day (3)
(1) http://gigaom.com/data/facebook-is-collecting-your-data-500-terabytes-a-day/
(2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petabyte (2009)
(3) http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/bigdata/

16. How Small is our Wisdom?
Wisdom
Knowledge
Information
Big Data
Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge?
Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?
T. S. Eliot, The Rock

17. V for ...
Volume
Scale
Sources
Variety
Relational
NoSQL
Velocity
Operational
Analytical

18. Scalability
Scaling up and Scaling out
Partitioning and Sharding

19. Relational Databases

20. RDBMS
Row Store
B-tree indexing
SQL as query language

21. RDBMS issues
Scale up (big servers)
Schemaful (structured)
Index-intensive (join)

22. NoSQL
Scale out (commodity servers)
Schemaless (semi-structured)
Index-free adjacency (graph)

23. NoSQL databases
Credit: Neo Technology

24. Key-Value Stores
(Key:string) => Value
fast read, low write latency
used for sessions, carts
Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store (2007)

25. Bigtable Clones
Google's Distributed Storage System
(row:string, col:string, ts:int64) => string
used by Google & most companies
Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data (2006)

26. Document Databases
document-oriented (content query)
semi-structured data (JSON)
used for web apps

27. Graph Databases
property graph
index-free adjacency
used for recommendations, social networks

28. Graph
G = (V, E)

29. Property Graph
A property graph is a directed, labeled, attributed graph

30. Graph Traversal
Gremlin is jumping
- from vertex to vertex
- from vertex to edge
- from edge to vertex
https://github.com/tinkerpop/gremlin/wiki

31. DBpedia Traversal
+ +
gremlin> g = new SparqlRepositorySailGraph("http://dbpedia.org/sparql")
gremlin> r = g.v('http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee')
gremlin> r.out('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment').has('lang','fr').value
==>Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee est un citoyen britannique surtout connu comme le principal inventeur
du World Wide Web. En juillet 2004, il est anobli par la reine Elizabeth II pour ce travail et son nom
officiel devient Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee. Depuis 1994, il préside le World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C), organisme qu'il a fondé.
gremlin> r.in('http://dbpedia.org/ontology/influenced')
==>v[http://dbpedia.org/resource/Paul_Otlet]
gremlin> r.in('http://dbpedia.org/ontology/influenced').out('http://dbpedia.org/ontology/influenced')
==>v[http://dbpedia.org/resource/Douglas_Engelbart]
==>v[http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ted_Nelson]
==>v[http://dbpedia.org/resource/Vannevar_Bush]
==>v[http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee]
...

32. Triple/RDF Stores
Subject-Predicate-Object
SPARQL as query language
AllegroGraph, OpenLink Virtuoso, ...

33. V for ...
Volume
Scale
Sources
Variety
Relational
NoSQL
Velocity
Operational
Analytical

34. Big Data Processing
Batch Processing
MapReduce
Interactive Analysis
BigQuery

35. MapReduce
MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters (2004)

36. Apache Hadoop
Distributed Data + MapReduce
http://hadoop.apache.org/

37. Last Trends
http://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=hadoop%2C%20mongodb%2C%20neo4j

38. NoSQL issues
No Distributed Transactions
No SQL as query language

39. NewSQL
NoSQL + Distributed Transactions + SQL
Spanner: Google's Globally-Distributed Database (2012)

40. Thank you
Credit: Most images created by Flickr Creative Commons Artists or Wikipedia Commons Artists