Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture, caused by abnormal development or damage to the brain. It appears early in life and causes disabilities like slow learning of movements. There are three main types - spastic, athetoid, and ataxic - depending on the affected part of the brain. Cerebral palsy is usually caused by issues during pregnancy or early childhood like prematurity, lack of oxygen, infection, or genetic abnormalities. Symptoms range from minor motor difficulties to inability to walk or involuntary movements. Research aims to find treatments and cures.
Ataxic cerebral palsy is a rare form of cerebral palsy affecting around 5% to 10% of all people diagnosed. It gets its name from the word ataxia, which means lack of coordination and without order.
Ataxic cerebral palsy is a rare form of cerebral palsy affecting around 5% to 10% of all people diagnosed. It gets its name from the word ataxia, which means lack of coordination and without order.
Meaning of Cerebral Palsy , Definition of Cerebral Palsy , Areas affected by Cerebral Palsy , Causes of Cerebral Palsy , Types of Cerebral Palsy ( many basis ) , Signs and Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy , Developmental Milestones of Cerebral Palsy child , Associated problems of Cerebral Palsy , Treatment of Cerebral Palsy ,
10 Cerebral Palsy Complications in Cerebral Plasy BabiesSANJEEV Mishra
There are some cerebral palsy complications found in cerebral palsy babies. The treatment and prevention of cerebral palsy is possible after some cerebral palsy therapies which reduce the risk factors of cerebral palsy in babies. If you want to know more about cerebral palsy then visit www.trishlafoundation.com
Presentation by Pre-Med (2013) Students of Penang Medical College. This presentation is based on a mini research paper on Multidisciplinary Management of Cerebral Palsy. Group members consist of Nurul Najihah,Daniel Koshy & Maheshwaran
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a well-recognized neurodevelopmental
condition beginning in early childhood and persisting throughout
the lifespan. Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture causing
activity limitation that is attributed to non-progressive the disturbance that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied
by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems. Sometimes we can identify by symptoms of children such as delayed milestones, spasticity, unable to neck control, muscle weakness. there are 4 types of CP that are dependent upon parts of brain damage.
Presentation on cerebral palsy (CP), with a focus on CP in Singapore. It examines the characteristics and impacts of CP, the possible educational pathways and assessments available for those with CP. We (my presenter, Camelia and I) believe that those with CP can lead fulfilled lives.
Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture that is caused by damage that occurs to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth.
Meaning of Cerebral Palsy , Definition of Cerebral Palsy , Areas affected by Cerebral Palsy , Causes of Cerebral Palsy , Types of Cerebral Palsy ( many basis ) , Signs and Symptoms of Cerebral Palsy , Developmental Milestones of Cerebral Palsy child , Associated problems of Cerebral Palsy , Treatment of Cerebral Palsy ,
10 Cerebral Palsy Complications in Cerebral Plasy BabiesSANJEEV Mishra
There are some cerebral palsy complications found in cerebral palsy babies. The treatment and prevention of cerebral palsy is possible after some cerebral palsy therapies which reduce the risk factors of cerebral palsy in babies. If you want to know more about cerebral palsy then visit www.trishlafoundation.com
Presentation by Pre-Med (2013) Students of Penang Medical College. This presentation is based on a mini research paper on Multidisciplinary Management of Cerebral Palsy. Group members consist of Nurul Najihah,Daniel Koshy & Maheshwaran
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a well-recognized neurodevelopmental
condition beginning in early childhood and persisting throughout
the lifespan. Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture causing
activity limitation that is attributed to non-progressive the disturbance that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied
by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems. Sometimes we can identify by symptoms of children such as delayed milestones, spasticity, unable to neck control, muscle weakness. there are 4 types of CP that are dependent upon parts of brain damage.
Presentation on cerebral palsy (CP), with a focus on CP in Singapore. It examines the characteristics and impacts of CP, the possible educational pathways and assessments available for those with CP. We (my presenter, Camelia and I) believe that those with CP can lead fulfilled lives.
Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture that is caused by damage that occurs to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth.
CP-Care curriculum, training course and assessment mechanism (ECVET based)
Website: http://cpcare.eu/en/
This project (CP-CARE - 2016-1-TR01-KA202-035094) has been funded with support from the European Commission. This communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
3. General Information
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a loose term for a group of disorders
affecting body movement, balance, and posture. Cerebral palsy is
caused by abnormal development or damage in one or more parts
of the brain that control muscle tone and motor activity
(movement). The resulting
disabilities first appear early
in life, usually in infancy or
early childhood. Infants with
cerebral palsy are usually slow
to learn movements such as
rolling over, sitting, crawling,
and walking.
4. The Three Types of
Cerebral Palsy
The three main types of cerebral palsy correspond to the different parts of the brain that are affected.
1. People with Spastic CP find that some muscles become very stiff and weak, especially under effort, which can
affect their control of movement. This is the most common type of CP.
2. People with Athetoid CP has some loss of control of their posture, and tends to make involuntary movements.
3. People with Ataxic CP usually have problems with balance. They may also have shaky hand movements and
irregular speech.
Often people will have a mixture of the different types of CP.
Spastic CP Athetoid CP Ataxic CP
5. The Reason For
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy is most commonly the
result of a failure of part of the brain to
develop, either before birth or in early
childhood. Occasionally it is due to an
inherited disorder. It is sometimes
possible to identify the cause of CP, but
not always.
The causes of cerebral palsy include
illness during pregnancy, premature
delivery, or lack of oxygen supply to
the baby; or it may occur early in life
as a result of an accident, lead
poisoning, viral infection, child abuse,
or other factors.
6. Statistics on
Cerebral Palsy
There are approximately 764,000
children and adults in the United
States that exhibit one or more of the
symptoms on Cerebral Palsy. Each
year about 8,000 babies and infants
are diagnosed with the condition. In
addition, another 1,200 - 1,500
preschool age children are recognized
each year to have cerebral palsy.
7. Identified Causes of Cerebral Palsy in
the Newborn (Chart/Graph)
8%
5%
40%
22%
Low Birth Rate
Metabolic Errors
10%
Infections 5%
10%
Congenital Brain Abnormality
Intraparium Asphygin
Intrauterine Ischemic Event (Traumatic event while pregnant)
Genetic and/or Chromosomal Abnormality
8. Symptoms of
Cerebral Palsy
Symptoms of cerebral palsy can be as simple as
having difficulty with fine motor tasks like writing
or using scissors, or as profound as being unable
to maintain balance or walk. Severely afflicted
patients may have involuntary movements, such as
uncontrollable hand motions and drooling. Others
suffer from associated medical disorders, such as
seizures and mental retardation.
Problems associated with muscles include muscle
stiffness, poor muscle tone, uncontrolled
movements, posture, balance, coordination,
walking, speech, swallowing, and many other
functions.
Other problems with the body and brain include Important
breathing problems, learning disabilities, bladder
and bowel control problems, skeletal deformities, Picture
eating difficulties, dental problems, digestive
problems, and hearing and vision problems.
9. Research on
Ceberal Palsy
Scientists are working to find a cure for this disease. Additionally, many other public, government, and private
institutions are researching possible cures and prevention, including:
• The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
• United Cerebral Palsy Research and Education Foundation (UCP)
• March of Dimes
• Easter Seals
Studies are also being done to determine ways to better a child’s quality of life. there are 28 government studies
on cerebral palsy, either ongoing or about to start.
These studies include research on the use of botox to relieve drooling, hyperbaric treatment to increase oxygen
and saturate body tissues for improved healing, acupuncture, and more.
10. How Was Cerebral
Palsy Discovered?
The first documented history of cerebral
palsy dates back to the 1860’s. It was when
an English surgeon named William Little
came across a puzzling condition that
affected young children. He wrote the first
medical descriptions detailing “a disorder
that caused stiff, spastic muscles in their
legs, as well as slightly in their arms. It was
more difficult for these children to
accomplish tasks that other children found
rather easy, such as grasping objects,
crawling, and walking. Oddly enough, there
conditions did not change, for better or
worse, as they got older.” What was
originally named Little’s disease is now
known as cerebral palsy.
11. Relevant Facts
Cerebral palsy doesn’t always
cause profound disabilities. While
one child with severe cerebral
palsy might be unable to walk and
need extensive, lifelong care,
another with mild cerebral palsy
might be only slightly awkward
and require no special assistance.
Supportive treatments,
medications, and surgery can help
many individuals improve their
motor skills and ability to
communicate with the world.