This document summarizes the American period (1898-1941) of Philippine history. [1] It describes the American colonization and the debate between imperialists and anti-imperialists. [2] It then discusses the Philippine-American War that resulted from the Filipinos rejecting the Benevolent Assimilation proclamation. [3] Finally, it outlines the policies and governance structures established during the American colonial period, including military rule, the introduction of civil rule, and the establishment of political institutions like the Philippine Assembly.

1. "GOVERNMENT: American Period"
(1898-1941)
I. American Colonization
Imperialist vs. Anti-Imperialist
Imperialist Anti-
Imperialist
• Economic group • Constitutionalists
• Military group
• Workers
• Religious group
RESULT
Benevolent Assimilation
Refers to a proclamation about the
Philippines issued on December 21, 1898 by U.S.
President William McKinley during the Philippine-
American War, which followed the defeat of Spain
during the Spanish-American War. The proclamation
reads in part.
“Finally, it should be the earnest wish and
paramount aim of the military administration to win the
confidence, respect, and affection of the inhabitants of
the Philippines by assuring them in every possible way
that full measure of individual rights and liberties which
is the heritage of free peoples, and by proving to them
that the mission of the United States is one of

2. benevolent assimilation substituting the mild sway of
justice and right for arbitrary rule. “
II. Philippine-American War
The Result of McKinley's Proclamation
__________________________________________
_
1. Reaction of the 7. Downfall of
Filipinos Mabini
against the 8. Death of
Mckinley Antonio Luna
Proclamation 9. Bates Treaty
2. Outbreak of the 10.Aguinaldo
Philippine- Flees to the
American War Mountains
3. Early Philippine 11.Battle of Tirad
Setbacks Pass
4. More Filipino 12.Capture of
Defeats Emilio
5. Fall of Malolos Aguinaldo
6. Initial Peace
offerings of the
United States

3. III. American Colonial Policy and Practices
Military Government Civil Government
(Civil authority)
 The form of  Apparatus of the
administration by state other than its
which an occupying military units that
power exercises enforces law and
government authority order
over occupied Civil
territory Governors
Military Governor -executive authority
or Commander over the islands was
-exercised all three transferred to the
powers of government president of the
(Army, War, and State) Philippine Commission
who had the title of "civil
governor", a position
o Wesley Meritt (First appointed by the
Military Governor) President of the United
o General Elwell S. States and approved by
Otis, the United States
o General Douglas Senate.
McArthur (Last o William Howard Taft
Military Governor) o Governor-General
Henry C. Ide

4. o James S. Smith
.
During Military Government
Philippine Commission

5. First Commission : Second Commission :
Schurman Commission Taft Commission
>Dr. Jacob Schurman >William Howard Taft
• Establishment of • Established a judicial
public schools system, including a
• Establishment of civil Supreme Court,
authority having a drew up a legal code
bicameral legislature to replace antiquated
• The implementation Spanish ordinances
of needed reforms, and organized a civil
and the recognition service.
of the rights and • The 1901 municipal
liberties of the code provided for
people popularly elected
presidents, vice
presidents, and
councilors to serve
on municipal boards.
The municipal board
members were
responsible for
collecting taxes,
maintaining
municipal properties,
and undertaking
necessary
construction
projects; they also
elected provincial
governors.

7. During Civil Government

8. • Sedition Law • Recocentration Act
> Prohibited any persuasion in achieving
independence be it through peaceful or > Relocated rural populations into
violent means. overcrowded villages - newly created
concentration camps. This policy was
enacted to deprive rebels from
acquiring peasant support. Thus,
people not belonging to any
concentration camps or marked
villages were considered bandits and
enemies of the state.
• Flag Law • The Philippine Bill of 1902
/Philippine Organic Act
> Prohibited the public display of anything
particularly the Philippine flag and KKK that > known as the Cooper Act after
would serve as reminder of freedom. its author Henry A. Cooper, was
the first organic law for the
____________________________________ Philippines. It provided for the
creation of an elected Philippine
• Brigandage Law Assembly after the following
conditions were met:
 The cessation of the
> Intended to divide the support of the people existing insurrection in
against those who fight the Americans. the Philippine Islands;
 Completion and
publication of a census;
and
 Two years of continued
peace and recognition
of the authority of the
United States of
America after the
publication of the
census.
First Philippine Assembly was devoted to its
organization through the election of its main officers.
*Sergio Osmeña -Speaker of the Assembly
*Manuel Quezon –Majority Floor leader

9. Two Resident Commissioners to represent the
Philippines before the United States Congress.
 Benito Legarda
 Pablo Ocampo
Supreme Court on 1899 -First agency of the national
government, Filipinos were appointed
Cayetano Arellano -Appointed Chief Justice
Civil Service
-One of the first law passed by the a Taft
Commission, enacted on September 19,1900, was for
the maintenance of an efficient and honest civil
service in the country.
-This law created a body of classified employees for
all divisions, bureaus, and offices of the insular,
provincial, and municipal governments.
Courts of First Instance- below the Supreme Court,
holding jurisdiction over judicial districts.

10. Political Parties
Partido
Nacionalista Partido
Nacional Progresista
>Platform was to >For independence in
work for immediate due time
independence

11. BICAMERAL SYSTEM
President
Of the United States
United States Congress
Bicameral Legislature
Philippine Commission
Upper
Two Filipino residents House
Commissioners Civil Philippine Assembly
Secretary of Finance and Justice Lower House
Secretary of the Interior Majority Floor
Leader
Secretary of Commerce and Police
Speaker of the
Secretary of Public Instruction
Assembly
Philippine Members of the
Philippine Commission

12. Judiciary System
Supreme Legal
Court Code
Courts of Instance
Judicial Municipal
Municipal
Districts Code
Board
President
Vice President
Councilors

13. Administrative Reforms during the Civil
Government
Filipinos Educational Commerce
in the Commission Progress and Labor
Filipinization General Judiciary
in the Government Amnesty for Filipinos Department
Civil Philippine
Political Parties
Service Assembly
References:
Rowena A. Pila and Orlando H. Ramos, The Rise of
The PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
Wikepedia
Hector S. Deleon, Philippine Constitution
Teofista Vivar,Remedios Quiray,Evelina Viloria,Nelia
Dela Cruz, PHILIPPINES: History and Government

14. “The LORD is my strength and my shield.
My heart trusted him, so I received help. My heart
is triumphant; I give thanks to Him with my song.”
-Psalm 28:7