1) Citizenship refers to membership in a political community with full civil and political rights that imply duties of allegiance and protection. 2) In the Philippines, citizenship is acquired through jus sanguinis (blood relation) where children take the citizenship of their parents, or through naturalization processes defined by law. 3) Philippine citizenship can be lost through renunciation of citizenship to embrace another country, taking an oath of allegiance to another country, or joining the military of another country. It can be re-acquired through naturalization, repatriation, or direct act of Congress.

1. CITIZENSHIP Sales, Dinah E.
Ramirez, Ruby N.

2. "Philippine citizenship is a gift that must
be deserved to be retained. The Philippines, for all
her modest resources compared to those of other states,
is a jealous and possessive mother demanding total
love and loyalty from her children.“
-Justice Isagani Cruz-

3. CITIZENSHIP
- is the legal status of a person acquired
through being a citizen of a country.
- denotes membership in a political
community with full civil and political
privilege and this membership imply,
reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part
of the member and duty of protection on the
part of the state.

4. CITIZENS

5. - A person having the title of citizenship. He is a
member of democratic community who enjoys
full civil and political rights and is accorded
protection inside and outside the territory of
the State.
“He who has the power to take
part in the deliberative or
judicial administration of any
state is said by us to be a
citizen of that state.” -
Aristotle
CITIZENS

6. CITIZENSHIP & NATIONALITY
- Citizenship is membership in a democratic or
political community, whereas nationality is
membership in any political community whether
monarchial, autocratic or democratic;
- Citizenship follows the exercise of civil and
political rights whereas nationality does not
necessarily carry with it the exercise of political
rights;
- A person can be a citizen of one country and a
national of another.

7. SUBJECT & ALIEN
- A Citizen is a member of a democratic
community who enjoys full civil and political
rights. In Monarchial State, He is often called
Subject.
- An alien is a citizen of a country who is
residing in or passing through another country.
He is a popularly called “foreigner.” He is not
given the full rights to citizenship but is entitled
to receive protection as to his person or
property.

8. KINDS OF CITIZENS UNDER THE
CONSTITUTION
1. Jus Sanguines. Citizenship by virtue of
blood relationship. The children follow
the citizenship of the parents. This
prevails in the Philippines.
General Ways of Acquiring Citizenship:
*Involuntary Method

9. 2. Jus soli. Citizenship by virtue of the
place of birth. A person becomes a citizen
of the state where he is born irrespective
of the citizenship of the parents. This
principle prevails in the United States.
3. Naturalization. If any person wants to
be a citizen of a particular country, then
the person can apply for naturalization of
citizenship, subject to applicable laws in
that particular territory.
*Voluntary Method

10. WHO ARE CONSIDERED CITIZENS OF THE
PHILIPPINES?
(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at
the time of the adoption of this Constitution;
(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens
of the Philippines ;
(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of
Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority;
and
(4) Those who are naturalized in accordance
with law.

11. KINDS OF CITIZENS OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Natural-born are those who do not need to
perform any act to acquire his Philippine
citizenship.
Naturalized are those who were originally
citizens of another country, but who, by an
intervening act, have acquired new
citizenship in a different country.

13. LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP
Acts that will result to loss of
citizenship:
Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired
in the manner provided by law.
-Article IV, Section 3
1. By renunciation of one’s citizenship and embracing the citiz
of another country or expatriation;
2. By taking the oath of allegiance to another country upon att
the age of majority; or
3. By joining the military service of another country;

14. One’s citizenship may also be lost due to the following
reasons:
1. by the court’s cancellation of one’s
naturalization; or
2. by being convicted of desertion in the
Philippine Armed Forces in times of war

15. EFFECT OF MARRIAGE
Citizens of the Philippines who marry
aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless
by their act or omission they are deemed,
under the law, to have renounced it.
-Article IV, Section 4

16. HOW TO RE-ACQUIRE
CITIZENSHIP?
Citizenship may be acquired, even though it is lost
according to the provisions of the law. There are
several ways of reacquiring citizenship. It may be-
reacquired through:
*naturalization
*repatriation
*direct act of Congress

17. *Naturalization – it is the legal act by which a
non-citizen in a country may acquire
citizenship of that country.
*Direct Act of Congress
*Repatriation – it is the recovery of original
citizenship. If natural-born citizenship was lost,
then natural-born citizenship will be re-
acquired.

18. Re-acquisition of Phil. Citizenship does not have
an automatic effect. The fact that a former
Filipino was elected does not automatically
restore Philippine citizenship. As what the
Supreme Court has held in the case of Labo, Jr.
Philippine citizenship is not a cheap commodity
that can be easily recovered after its
renunciation. It may be restored only after the
returning renegade makes a formal act of re-
dedication to the country he has abjured and
solemnly affirms once again his total and
exclusive loyalty to the
Republic of the Philippines.

19. Thank you!