This document contains slides from a presentation on global sanitation given by Nicola Greene. The presentation covers: why we should give thanks for toilets as the most important health invention; the global sanitation crisis with over 1 billion practicing open defecation; different toilet designs like pour flush and composting toilets; the components of a sanitation system including intake, cleansing material, and emptying; and challenges with sanitation infrastructure, design, and sustainability. The document emphasizes the importance of sanitation for public health and highlights issues around the global sanitation crisis.

1. Nicola Greene
Introduction to Global Sanitation
Teaching Assistant
Humanitarian Engineering
Coventry University
Nicola.greene@gmail.com
@NicNakNoe

2. YOUR TOILET
GIVE THANKS TO

3. Talk Break Down
• Why Should we Give Thanks?
• The Global Sanitation Crisis
• Toilets of the Future

4. Why should we give thanks?
The most important invention for
human health EVER!

6. Introductory Video
Source:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R_vpNQ0fJc&list=PL38E7DD18426DB611

7. Diarrhoeal Disease
How bad is it?
• 2 million deaths per year (29% of under 5’s deaths)
= 18 Planes full of people every day
Why do people die?
• Essentially dehydration
What can we do?
• Improve water supply
• Improve (environmental) sanitation
• Improve hygiene & education
Water, sanitation and hygiene =
WASH
*

8. The 5 f’s of sanitation
ANIMAL
HUMAN
*

9. 1.2 billion people practice
“open defecation”
including more than 1/2
of people in southern Asia
and more than 1/4 of
sub-Saharan Africa

10. No one wants to donate to toilets!
Disclaimer: WaterAid are great and do lots of sanitaiton work – this is just an example of
public perception
Source: http://www.wateraid.org/other/display/jean.php?cartID=UN0000,12/TAB,DRTV,12/TAB/01A

11. GLOBAL
SANITATION
CRISIS

12. Pour flush latrine
Images courtesy of the Water, Engineering and Development Centre @ Loughborough Uni – they have lots of great resources!

13. Images courtesy of the Water, Engineering and Development Centre @ Loughborough Uni – they have lots of great resources!

14. Raised latrine
Images courtesy of the Water, Engineering and Development Centre @ Loughborough Uni – they have lots of great resources!

15. Composting toilet

16. Hanging toilet

17. Components
of a
Sanitation System

18. INTAKE

19. Cleansing Material

20. Flushing
• Pour flush
• Flushing
• Throw sawdust/sand
• No flush

21. Emptying
• It doesn't need to be emptied
• Manually – bucket
• Suction pump
• Piped sewerage

22. Where will the waste go?
• Spread on fields as fertiliser
• Transported to wastewater treatment
facility (processed and back to water body)
• To dumping ground
• Indiscriminately disposed of

23. Photo courtesy of: Nicola Greene. Pictured: Kermi, Humla District Nepal in different weather conditions

24. Photo courtesy of: Nicola Greene. Pictured: Water collection in snow in Humla, Nepal

25. Photo courtesy of: Nicola Greene. Pictured: Water collection in snow in Humla, Nepal

27. Infrastructure
Safety
Usability
Gender
Disabled
Access
Access Acceptability
Handwashing
Sustainability
THE
SANITATION
ICEBURG
Socio-cultural
factors
Developed by Nicola Greene

28. More than 40% of WASH schemes fail to
deliver benefits in the long run.
Broken Tapstands
Unused
latrines
Broken Tap
No drainage
Source: www.scienceagainstpoverty.com/Resources/documentos/Programa/ppt
/d1/Ricard_Gine_ppt.pdf

29. Bad design more locally
http://www.smosh.com/smosh-pit/photos/15-awkward-bathroom-design-fails

30. Sanitation in the UK

32. Cycle of Waste

33. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-
us-canada-19289228

35. Nicola Greene
nicola.greene@gmail.com
Twitter: @NicNakNoe