2. What is water ?
Water is the most abundant liquid on Earth and about 70% of our
planet is covered by the water. With the formation of the cloud
which is also made of water, our planet look blue and white form
the outer space.
Our earth’s water supply is constantly being recycled in the process
of where the water from the oceans evaporated the sky because of
the sun and is given off by the forests.
However, only 3% of our the earth’s water classified as fresh water,
and 2/3 of that is secrete in frozen glaciers or otherwise unavailable
for our use.
Drinking water
4. • Water scarcity or water shortage is a insufficient of water to meet the
requirement water daily used water within an area and even
throughout a region within a country or a whole country itself.
• Factors such as climate change where caused by the weather patterns
that includes drought or floods, pollution rising, increase in human
demand, agriculture and also because overuse of the water lead to the
water scarcity
Dry land because of water scarcity
5.
6. HUMAN SOCIETY
• Problems such as getting drinking/fresh water and clean water for bath
and cleaning also for sanitation will become more difficult as the clean
water supply become limited.
• The continuous of water scarcity will affected the crop and other
agriculture development. This is because the people cannot maintain
the agriculture process and hence leads to the hunger problem and also
cause malnutrition to the people.
• Shortage of water is also synonym with the poverty as the economic
activities such as manufacturing and commercial businesses required
large quantities of clean water. Without clean water, the activities
cannot be proceed. Which means increasing in poverty levels and poor
living standards since there is no income generates.
7. HUMAN HEALTH
• Water scarcity lead to the poor sanitation and hygiene. Hence, the
people are potentially vulnerable to the disease and sickness that arise
from the water scarcity.
• The diseases often arise from the water scarcity are cholera, typhoid
fever, dysentery, salmonella and E. coli infection, botulism also other
water-borne illnesses.
8. CULTURE
• The effect of water shortage displayed clearly in the field of social
significance as well.
• The washroom is very few in some places that faced the extreme water
shortage.
• Besides, this shows that lack of washroom facilities at the most school
systems.
• Furthermore, research has proven that young girls that reach their
puberty decided to quit from the school regarding to the washroom
problems. This results towards an under educated society.
9. DAMAGED ECOSYSTEM
• The water scarcity will lead to the disappearance of the natural
landscapes.
• As example, the earth’s fourth largest freshwater lake; Aral Sea will be
expected to lost an area of the size of Lake Michigan in only three
decades period.
• Due to the severe pollution, diversion of water for irrigation and power
generation have make the lake is now as salty as an ocean.
• The polluted land will be left out when the sea retract and will caused
the ecological disaster that effects the food chain which will lead to the
infant mortality and a decrease in life expectancy for the nearby
population.
10. DISAPPEARING WETLANDS
• This water scarcity also results in disappearance of wetlands in our
planet. According to WWF, more than half of the planet’s wetlands
have lost since 90’s mainly because of the water scarcity.
• The wetlands inhabited most of the animals such as mammals, birds,
fish and invertebrates live and make the wetlands as their most
valuable habitats. The wetlands also aid as a special home for these
species.
• Wetlands also support the cultivation of rice, a staple in the diet of half
the world’s population. And they provide a range of ecosystem services
that benefit humanity, including water filtration, storm protection, flood
control and recreation.
11. EFFECT OF THE WATER SCARCITY
Habitat loss and animal dies Disappearance of wetland
Lack of fresh and clean water
Hunger and malnutrition
Water-borne disease
12. Challenge & Solution For The Water
Scarcitya) Education
There are many options out there that people can use and learn for better
understanding about what happens and changes around them daily. Firstly, the
people that not dealing with the water scarcity problem can be educate and
expose about the problem. This is because they can be in a position of help
towards the water scarcity problem. Besides, the purpose for educating and
exposing the water scarcity problem to those that not face the problem can
prepared them to overcome if they happened to experience it in the future. The
education about the water scarcity also important because it can help the people
to think about the solution for the country or continent that having the problem
also teach them not to abused the resources that they still have and used it
properly so that the resources can be maintained for the next generation. On the
other hand, the education for the people that faced the water shortage problem
also is a must because they can learn and implement the countermeasures from
the problem becoming even worse in the future.
13. Challenge & Solution For The Water
Scarcity
Example for the education and awareness for the water scarcity through poster and brochure
14. Challenge & Solution For The Water
Scarcityb) Recycling the water
For this modern era, there are plenty of technologies invented that can be used to
recycle the rainwater and any other water even that can be used at home.
Example for recycle the rainwater capturing is called “Rainwater Harvesting”.
The principle for the process is easy. Rainwater harvesting is the process where
capturing and storing rain that falls on-site (usually refer on the roof). The water
then flows from the roof or any other catchment areas through the piping or
channel into the tank. Basically, the water that been stored in the tank is used only
for rinse, toilet flushing and any other greywater uses. If the water is desired to
use as the drinking water, the water must be treated sufficiently before it can be
consumed. For the advanced method, additional devices such as chlorine tank,
filter and ultraviolet disinfection can be installed in order to obtain the treated
water. Besides, for the tank material must not leach toxins or nurtured the
pathogens or bacteria so that the water can be treated well and safe to be used for
drinking.
15. Challenge & Solution For The Water
Scarcity
The “Rainwater Harvesting” method
a) Simple Method b) Advanced
Method
16. Challenge & Solution For The Water Scarcity
c) Advanced Technology Related to Water Conservation
Nowadays, there has been a lot work in the world of water conservation, but there
is also a lot that needs to be done in order to ensure that the rest of the world is
able to conserve water. Putting money and effort into conservation could be life
saving. For example, drip irrigation technology saves large amounts of water
while improving horticultural results. It places water directly on the soil, above
the feeder roots, instead of spraying it into the air or over the surface of the
ground at high pressures and volumes. In Singapore, they have practiced the
technology for conserving their source of water because their water resource is
limited. One of the solution is by desalination and spillage method. The
desalination plant was built in Singapore and considered as one of the largest in
the world. The plant’s provides 10% of city’s water supply. Their long term goal
is to multiply the production of desalinated water and a tendering process is under
way for another plant twice the capacity.
17. Challenge & Solution For The Water
Scarcity
Desalination process for Singapore plant Typical irrigation system
18. Challenge & Solution For The Water
Scarcityd) Improve Sewage System
The improvement in the sewage system is important so that the safe drinking
water can be obtained and safe from the bacteria or any harmful organism. This is
because the safe drinking water only can be obtained after the proper sanitation
takes place. In order to do that, the improvement for the sewage system must be
done regularly also as the maintenance in order to prevent the scarcity becoming
more worse although needs a large of manpower and high cost. The improvement
for the sewage system is where the process of removing the contaminants from
wastewater, primarily from household sewage. For the physical, chemical and
biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce treated
wastewater that is safer for the environment.
