Beginners' Course on Islam

““A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON ISLAM”A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON ISLAM”
Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for AdultsLessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for Adults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
Using textbook & curriculum he has developed especially forUsing textbook & curriculum he has developed especially for
Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
UPDATED 4 DECEMBER 2015UPDATED 4 DECEMBER 2015
BATCH # 14 –AUGUST- 2015 INTAKEBATCH # 14 –AUGUST- 2015 INTAKE
All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015)
HADITH OF JIBRA-’IL
HADITH OF JIBRA-’IL
LESSON # 12
LESSON # 12
““ARKAAN AL-ISLAM”ARKAAN AL-ISLAM”
Pillars of Islam (Submission)Pillars of Islam (Submission)
REGISTER via http://goo.gl/4EF4y
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Every Friday night @Every Friday night @
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450 Changi Road,450 Changi Road,
#02-00 next to#02-00 next to MasjidMasjid
KassimKassim
IT CAN ALSO BE A REFRESHERIT CAN ALSO BE A REFRESHER
COURSE FOR MUSLIMCOURSE FOR MUSLIM
PARENTS, EDUCATORS, INPARENTS, EDUCATORS, IN
CONTEMPORARY SINGAPORE.CONTEMPORARY SINGAPORE.
OPEN TO ALLOPEN TO ALL
AZ-ZAKAHAZ-ZAKAH
(TAX UPON WEALTH)(TAX UPON WEALTH)

(The basic message of Islam)(The basic message of Islam)
FARDHU’AINFARDHU’AIN: CONDUCTED BY: CONDUCTED BY
USTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAILUSTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAIL
LESSONS FROM TEXTBOOKLESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK
““Beginners’ Manual on IslamBeginners’ Manual on Islam””
2
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOSTMOST
COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL
FROM PREVIOUS LESSONSFROM PREVIOUS LESSONS

““Allah”Allah” :: Arabic proper noun; name for God, it refersArabic proper noun; name for God, it refers
to the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lordto the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lord
Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there isSustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there is
none besides Allah.none besides Allah.
No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.

““Muhammad s.a.a.w.”Muhammad s.a.a.w.” :: Arabic name meaning “Arabic name meaning “thethe
Praised OnePraised One”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered Prophet,”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered Prophet,
the servant and Messenger of Allah, the Awaitedthe servant and Messenger of Allah, the Awaited
Seal of Prophethood after whom there will be noSeal of Prophethood after whom there will be no
more prophet sent.more prophet sent.

IIMANIIMAN
BeliefBelief
FaithFaith
ConvictionConviction
IHSANIHSAN
Best orBest or
RighteousRighteous
ConductConduct
‘‘AMALAMAL
[Islam][Islam]
SubmissionSubmission
ObedienceObedience
PracticePractice
Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith isFaith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is
mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.
Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSANTogether, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN
which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.
Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submissionThus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission
to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).

THE SECOND ASPECT REQUIRED IN THE ATTESTATION TOTHE SECOND ASPECT REQUIRED IN THE ATTESTATION TO
THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTHE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUHHEED)EED)
MOSTMOST
COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,

““Do they seek for other than the Religion of Allah?―While allDo they seek for other than the Religion of Allah?―While all
creatures in the heavens and on earth have willing, or unwilling,creatures in the heavens and on earth have willing, or unwilling,
bowed to His Will (accepted Islam), and to Him shall they all bebowed to His Will (accepted Islam), and to Him shall they all be
brought back.”brought back.”
((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 83Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 83))

“Now then, for that (reason), call (them to the Faith), and
stand steadfast as thou art commanded nor follow thou
their vain desires; but say: "I believe in the Book which
Allah has sent down; and I am commanded to judge justly
between you. Allah is Our Lord and your Lord. For us (is
the responsibility for) Our deeds, and for you for your
deeds. There is no contention between us and you. Allah
will bring us together, and to Him is (Our) final goal.”
(Qur’an: ash-Shura: 42: 15)

The word “The word “IslamIslam” - literally means “” - literally means “surrendersurrender;;
submissionsubmission”. When added with the prefix “”. When added with the prefix “alal” ( definite” ( definite
article“tarticle“thehe” - to denote a name) it refers to the essential traits of” - to denote a name) it refers to the essential traits of
this religion signifying an external manifestation of one’s innerthis religion signifying an external manifestation of one’s inner
conviction, belief (conviction, belief (iimaniiman) towards “) towards “obedience to the will ofobedience to the will of
AllahAllah”.”.
The true meaning of “The true meaning of “believebelieve” or “” or “iimaniiman”” is :is :
““to be convinced in one’s heart/mind (to be convinced in one’s heart/mind (QolbQolb););
and declare with one’s tongue,and declare with one’s tongue,
and practice deeds in accordance with its pillarsand practice deeds in accordance with its pillars””

So “So “how does one begin to submit to Allah’s willhow does one begin to submit to Allah’s will”?”?
This was succinctly enumerated by Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.This was succinctly enumerated by Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.
in what is referred to as :in what is referred to as :
the Pillars of Islamthe Pillars of Islam
((Arkaan-ul-IslaamArkaan-ul-Islaam).).

Islam is built upon Five (pillars):Islam is built upon Five (pillars):
[1] To bear witness that there is no god except[1] To bear witness that there is no god except
Allah, and that Muhammad is theAllah, and that Muhammad is the
Messenger of Allah;Messenger of Allah;
[2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory)[2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory)
Swolah;Swolah;
[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);
[4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the[4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the
House) for those who has the means toHouse) for those who has the means to
(do) it;(do) it;
[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.

THE third PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TOTHE third PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO
THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTAUHHEEDEED))
MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,

THE third PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TOTHE third PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO
THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTAUHHEEDEED))
MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,
HADITH
OF JIBRA-’IL
HADITH
OF JIBRA-’IL
LESSON
# 12
LESSON
# 12
““A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ONA BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON
ISLAM”ISLAM”
Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for AdultsLessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for Adults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
TOPIC ON 4 DECEMBER 2015TOPIC ON 4 DECEMBER 2015
Every Friday night @Every Friday night @
8pm – 10pm8pm – 10pm
Wisma Indah, 450Wisma Indah, 450
Changi Road,Changi Road,
#02-00 next to Masjid#02-00 next to Masjid
KassimKassim

 In respecting the dominance of the followers, adherents of theIn respecting the dominance of the followers, adherents of the
school ofschool of FiqhFiqh ofof al-Mujtahid-mutlaq al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idrisal-Mujtahid-mutlaq al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idris
ash-Shafi-’ie rhm.aash-Shafi-’ie rhm.a.. here in this region, the practices in thishere in this region, the practices in this
manual / lesson onmanual / lesson on FIQHFIQH matters, shall subscribe and be inmatters, shall subscribe and be in
conformity with this school of Islamic jurisprudence (conformity with this school of Islamic jurisprudence (madzhabmadzhab).).
 Yet, we hold to a healthy respect and tolerance (Yet, we hold to a healthy respect and tolerance (tasamuhtasamuh) towards) towards
otherother madzaahibmadzaahib andand ikhtilaafikhtilaaf (differences of opinion) amongst(differences of opinion) amongst
Islamic scholars.Islamic scholars.
 The dominant schools of Islamic jurisprudence generally acceptedThe dominant schools of Islamic jurisprudence generally accepted
are the,are the, Ja’afari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’eJa’afari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’e andand Hanbali.Hanbali.

“And [tell them that] I have not created the invisible
beings and men to any end other than that they may
[know and] worship Me. [But withal,] no sustenance
do I ever demand of them, nor do I demand that they
feed Me: for, verily, Allah Himself is the Provider of
all sustenance, the Lord of all might, the Eternal!”
(Qur’an: Dzaariyat: 51: 56-58)

““Who believe in [the existence of] that which isWho believe in [the existence of] that which is
beyond the reach of human perception, and arebeyond the reach of human perception, and are
constant in prayer (constant in prayer (AS-AS-SWSWOLAHOLAH), and), and (YUN-FI-QUUN)(YUN-FI-QUUN)
spend on othersspend on others out of what We provide for them asout of what We provide for them as
sustenance (sustenance (MAA RAZAQ-NAA-HUMMAA RAZAQ-NAA-HUM);”);”
((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 3Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 3))

““And let notAnd let not those (YAB-those (YAB-KHKHOLU *) who covetously withheld of theOLU *) who covetously withheld of the
gifts which Allah hath given them of His Gracegifts which Allah hath given them of His Grace think that it is goodthink that it is good
for them: nay it will be the worse for them: soonfor them: nay it will be the worse for them: soon it will be tied toit will be tied to
their necks like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgmenttheir necks like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgment. To Allah. To Allah
belongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth; and Allah isbelongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is
well acquainted with all that ye do.”well acquainted with all that ye do.”
* From : BUKHUL – BAKHIL – “miserly”

““Thus, as for him whoThus, as for him who (A’-(A’-TWTWA) gives [to others]A) gives [to others] and isand is (TAQAA)(TAQAA)
conscious of Allah,conscious of Allah, andand ((SWSWOD-DAQA BIL-OD-DAQA BIL-HHUSNA) believes in theUSNA) believes in the
truth of the ultimate goodtruth of the ultimate good for him shall Wefor him shall We make easy the pathmake easy the path
towards [ultimate] easetowards [ultimate] ease. But as for him who is niggardly, and. But as for him who is niggardly, and
thinks that he is self-sufficient, andthinks that he is self-sufficient, and (KADZ-DZABA - BIL-(KADZ-DZABA - BIL-HHUSNA)USNA)
calls the ultimate good a liecalls the ultimate good a lie – for him shall We make easy the– for him shall We make easy the
path towards hardship: Nor will his wealth profit him when hepath towards hardship: Nor will his wealth profit him when he
falls headlong (into the Pit).”falls headlong (into the Pit).”
((Qur’an: Layl : 93: 5-11Qur’an: Layl : 93: 5-11))

AFFIRMING IT AS TRUTH
DENYING OR REJECTING IT
“Doing good for
Allah’s sake
will be rewarded
with eternal
Goodness by Him”
THE BELIEF
BIL-BIL-HHUSNAAUSNAA
BIL-BIL-HHUSNAAUSNAA
SWOD-DAQA
KADZ-DZABA
HUSNA TWO TYPES OF PEOPLE
OR
Thus the usual English translation for SWODAQAH as “charity” is not
accurate as it also include all forms of goodness whether it be obligatory or
non-obligatory; and extensively covers all forms of kindness not merely of
material help but that even sharing a ‘smile to others’ can be SWODAQAH.

““Seek insteadSeek instead, by means of what Allah has granted thee, by means of what Allah has granted thee, [the, [the
good of]good of] the life to comethe life to come, without forget-ting, withal, thine own, without forget-ting, withal, thine own
[rightful] share in this world; and do good [unto others] as Allah[rightful] share in this world; and do good [unto others] as Allah
has done good unto thee.”has done good unto thee.”
((Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77))

““[In all these respects,] let him[In all these respects,] let him who has ample means spendwho has ample means spend
( YUN-FIQ*) in accordance with his amplitude( YUN-FIQ*) in accordance with his amplitude; and let him; and let him
whose means of subsistence are scantywhose means of subsistence are scanty spend (FAL-spend (FAL-
YUNFIQ*) in accordance with what Allah has given himYUNFIQ*) in accordance with what Allah has given him::
Allah does not burden any human being with more than HeAllah does not burden any human being with more than He
has given him - [and it may well be that] Allah will grant,has given him - [and it may well be that] Allah will grant,
after hardship, ease.”after hardship, ease.”
((Qur’an: Talaq : 65: 7Qur’an: Talaq : 65: 7))
* From ‘From ‘NAFAQOHNAFAQOH’ – “provision; maintenance”’ – “provision; maintenance”

““.. And (the servants of the Most Gracious is the) who,.. And (the servants of the Most Gracious is the) who,
whenever they (whenever they (AN-FAQUAN-FAQU) spend on others,) spend on others, areare
neither wasteful nor niggardlyneither wasteful nor niggardly but [remember that]but [remember that]
there is always athere is always a just meanjust mean between those [twobetween those [two
extremes];”extremes];”
((Qur’an: Furqan: 25: 67Qur’an: Furqan: 25: 67))All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015)

NAFAQAH
““Expenditure; provisions; what one expends ofExpenditure; provisions; what one expends of
money, wealth and the like,money, wealth and the like, upon himselfupon himself andand
upon hisupon his familyfamily oror householdhousehold, and, and dependentsdependents ““

The ProphetThe Prophet ‫ﷺ‬ said :said :
"A man's spending on his family, seeking"A man's spending on his family, seeking
reward (of Allah) for doing it,reward (of Allah) for doing it,
is a deed of charity (is a deed of charity (SwODAQAHSwODAQAH).“).“
((Hadith reported by Bukhary,Muslim, Nasa-iHadith reported by Bukhary,Muslim, Nasa-i))

"The most excellent dinar (money as) INFAAQ , is dinar with
which a person spends on his family, and the dinar which he
spends on his animal in Allah's path, and the dinar he spends
on his companions in Allah's path.”
(Hadith reported by Muslim)

" Of the dinar you spend as a contribution (INFAAQ) in Allah's path, or
to set free a slave, or as a charity given to a needy, or to support your
family, the spending which yields the greatest reward is that which you
(INFAAQ) spent on your family.”
(Hadith reported by Muslim)

““Men areMen are QAW-WAA-MUNAQAW-WAA-MUNA - in charge (as protector andin charge (as protector and
maintainer) of women by [right of]maintainer) of women by [right of] what Allah has given onewhat Allah has given one
(ability and strength to excel)(ability and strength to excel) over the other and what theyover the other and what they
((ANFAQUUANFAQUU) spend [) spend [for maintenance of themfor maintenance of them] from their] from their
wealth.wealth.””
((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 34Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 34))

“AND WORSHIP Allah [alone], and do not ascribe divinity,
in any way, to aught beside Him. And do good unto your
parents, and near of kin, and unto orphans, and the needy,
and the neighbour from among your own people, and the
neighbour who is a stranger, and the friend by your side,
and the wayfarer, and those whom you rightfully possess.
Verily, Allah does not love any of those who, full of self-
conceit, act in a boastful manner ….”
(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 36)

“ … [also Allah does not love] those who are niggardly (YAB-
KHUL), and bid others to be niggardly (BUKHL’), and conceal
whatever Allah has bestowed upon them out of His bounty; and so
We have readied shameful suffering for all who thus deny the
truth..”
(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 37)All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015)

““And [Allah does not love] those who spend their possessionsAnd [Allah does not love] those who spend their possessions
on others [only]on others [only] to be seen and praised by men, the while theyto be seen and praised by men, the while they
believe neither in Allah nor in the Last Daybelieve neither in Allah nor in the Last Day; and he who has; and he who has
Satan for a soul-mate, how evil a soul-mate has he!Satan for a soul-mate, how evil a soul-mate has he!

““And what would they have to fear if they would butAnd what would they have to fear if they would but
believe in Allah and the Last Day, and spend [in His way]believe in Allah and the Last Day, and spend [in His way]
out of what Allah has granted them as sustenanceout of what Allah has granted them as sustenance - since- since
Allah has indeed full knowledge of them?Allah has indeed full knowledge of them?

He said: “Verily,He said: “Verily, your wealth is only what you have spentyour wealth is only what you have spent (for(for
your needs, or given away in charity or as gifts), what remainsyour needs, or given away in charity or as gifts), what remains
with you is (actually held by you) to be inherited by others.”with you is (actually held by you) to be inherited by others.”
((Hadith reported by Bukhary and MuslimHadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim))
REFLECT WELL
REFLECT WELL
FA-IN-NA – MAA-LA-HU – MAA – QAD-DAMA
WA - MAA-LA – WAA – RI-THI-HI – MAA – AKH-KHARA

““Woe to every slanderer, defamer,Woe to every slanderer, defamer, who amasseswho amasses
wealthwealth and considers it a provision (against everyand considers it a provision (against every
mishap);mishap); He thinks that his wealth will make himHe thinks that his wealth will make him
immortalimmortal. Nay! he shall most certainly be hurled into. Nay! he shall most certainly be hurled into
the crushing disaster, And what will make you realizethe crushing disaster, And what will make you realize
what the crushing disaster is? It is the fire kindled bywhat the crushing disaster is? It is the fire kindled by
Allah, Which rises above the hearts. Surely it shall beAllah, Which rises above the hearts. Surely it shall be
closed over upon them, In extended columns.”closed over upon them, In extended columns.”
((Qur’an: Humazah: 104: 1-9Qur’an: Humazah: 104: 1-9))

DU’A TAUGHT TO US
DU’A TAUGHT TO US

DU’A TAUGHT TO US
DU’A TAUGHT TO US
The ProphetThe Prophet ‫ﷺ‬‫ﷺ‬ used to say (this supplication):used to say (this supplication):
"O Allah! I seek refuge with You from worry ("O Allah! I seek refuge with You from worry (HAMMHAMM))
and grief (and grief (HUZNHUZN’), from incapacity (‘’), from incapacity (‘AJZIAJZI ) and laziness) and laziness
((KASLKASL’), from cowardice (’), from cowardice (JUBNJUBN’) and miserliness’) and miserliness
((BUKHL’BUKHL’) , from being heavily in debt () , from being heavily in debt (DWDWOLA-’ID-DAYNOLA-’ID-DAYN))
and from being (and from being (GHALABA-TIR-RIJALGHALABA-TIR-RIJAL) overpowered by) overpowered by
(other) men.“(other) men.“
((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))

““If there were two valleys of goldIf there were two valleys of gold for the son of Adam, hefor the son of Adam, he
would (would (not be satisfiednot be satisfied and) long to have another one more,and) long to have another one more,
until his mouth is filled with dust ( i.e.until his mouth is filled with dust ( i.e. until he diesuntil he dies). And may). And may
Allah accepts those who repentsAllah accepts those who repents.”.”
((Hadith reported by MuslimHadith reported by Muslim))
REFLECT WELL
REFLECT WELL

““YOU ARE OBSESSED by greed for more and more until you
go down to your graves. Nay, in time you will come to
understand! And once again: Nay, in time you will come to
understand! Nay, if you could but understand [it] with an
understanding [born] of certainty, you would indeed, most
surely, behold the blazing fire [of hell]! In the end you will
indeed, most surely, behold it with the eye of certainty: and
on that Day you will most surely be called to account for
[what you did with] the boon of life!..
((Qur’an: Takaathur: 102: 1-8Qur’an: Takaathur: 102: 1-8))

““Work for your worldly needs, as though you areWork for your worldly needs, as though you are goinggoing
to live foreverto live forever, and strive (also to prepare) for your, and strive (also to prepare) for your
Hereafter, as though you areHereafter, as though you are going to die tomorrowgoing to die tomorrow.”.”
((Hadith reported by BaihaqyHadith reported by Baihaqy))
REFLECT WELL
REFLECT WELL

‘Zakah’ or ‘Zakat’ here is meant:
“ the compulsory tax upon a Muslim’s wealth, to be
given out to certain categories of people, as
commanded by Allah.”

 Yet, it is interesting to note that the Arabic word
‘Zakah’ has the meaning of “to purify” as well as “to
make it grow”. Thus, Allah SWT says:

 Yet, it is interesting to note that the Arabic word
‘Zakah’ has the meaning of “to purify” as well as “to
make it grow”. Thus, Allah says:
”” [Hence, O Prophet,] accept that [part] of their possessions[Hence, O Prophet,] accept that [part] of their possessions
which is offered for the sake of Allah (which is offered for the sake of Allah (SwSwODOQAHODOQAH), so that thou), so that thou
mayest cleanse them thereby and cause them to grow in purity,”mayest cleanse them thereby and cause them to grow in purity,”
((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 103Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 103)”)”

 We come into this world without any possession. Then we begin to
acquire for our needs, provision and possessions - and begin
accumulating and amassing wealth.
 Our interaction with this world and material possessions will have
effect upon our self (Nafs), our hearts (Qolb), our soul (Ruh).
 Regarding our Self, or heart, Allah says:
FIRST REASONFIRST REASON

““And a soul (And a soul (NafsNafs) and Him Who perfected it.) and Him Who perfected it.
And inspired it (with conscience of) what is wrong for it andAnd inspired it (with conscience of) what is wrong for it and
(what is) right for it.(what is) right for it.
He is indeedHe is indeed successful who purify and causes it to growsuccessful who purify and causes it to grow,,
And he is indeed a failure who stunted it.”And he is indeed a failure who stunted it.”
((Qur’an: ash-Shams: 91: 7-10Qur’an: ash-Shams: 91: 7-10))

 Islam never totally reject the world nor does it denies the
importance to Muslims in acquiring much wealth.
 Yet it knows what these can do to our spiritual self. Thus, it is
indeed crucial to avert corruption and spiritual diseases from
affecting our hearts and soul (nafs) which wealth and material
possessions may bring e.g. Greed, possessiveness, miserliness,
avarice, corruption, oppression etc.

There is a saying:
““Love for the world (affection and attachment toLove for the world (affection and attachment to
material possession) is the head (root) of everymaterial possession) is the head (root) of every
sins (wrong-doings, mistakes, errors etc.)”sins (wrong-doings, mistakes, errors etc.)”

““Verily We have created Man into toil and struggle. ThinksVerily We have created Man into toil and struggle. Thinks
he, that none hath power over him? He may sayhe, that none hath power over him? He may say
(boastfully): "(boastfully): "Wealth have I squandered inWealth have I squandered in
abundanceabundance!”!” Thinks he that none beholds him?Thinks he that none beholds him? Have WeHave We
not made for him a pair of eyes?― And a tongue, and a pairnot made for him a pair of eyes?― And a tongue, and a pair
of lips?― And shown him the two highways? …“of lips?― And shown him the two highways? …“
((Qur’an: al-Balad: 90: 7-10Qur’an: al-Balad: 90: 7-10))

“…“… But he would not attempt the uphill road. And whatBut he would not attempt the uphill road. And what
will make you comprehend what the uphill road is? (Itwill make you comprehend what the uphill road is? (It
is) theis) the setting free of a slavesetting free of a slave, Or the, Or the giving of food in agiving of food in a
day of hungerday of hunger. To an. To an orphanorphan,, having relationshiphaving relationship, Or to, Or to
the poor man lying in the dustthe poor man lying in the dust. Then he. Then he is of those whois of those who
believebelieve andand charge one another to show patiencecharge one another to show patience, and, and
charge one another to show compassioncharge one another to show compassion. These are the. These are the
people of the right hand.“people of the right hand.“
((Qur’an: al-Balad: 90: 11-18Qur’an: al-Balad: 90: 11-18))

 Thus, Muslims not only needs to be reminded that:Thus, Muslims not only needs to be reminded that:
[a][a] possession and wealth are bestowals of Allah SWT, only aspossession and wealth are bestowals of Allah SWT, only as
temporary trust (temporary trust (amanahamanah) for our use;) for our use;
[b][b] it isit is how you gethow you get this wealth andthis wealth and how you spenthow you spent it that you shall beit that you shall be
questioned by Allah SWT –questioned by Allah SWT – not how muchnot how much you accumulate!you accumulate!

 Thus, Muslims not only needs to be reminded that:Thus, Muslims not only needs to be reminded that:
[c][c] remember how innocent we were, until we began to developremember how innocent we were, until we began to develop
selfishness, greed, miserly, covetousness etc.selfishness, greed, miserly, covetousness etc.
 Thus,Thus, ZakahZakah is to effectively and as practical reminder to beis to effectively and as practical reminder to be
inculcated, so as not to allow such corruptions to occur in ourinculcated, so as not to allow such corruptions to occur in our
Self/Soul.Self/Soul.

 All bestowals and wealth is from Allah SWT. And He would
generally bestow upon many amongst mankind more than what
he needs, so that through them these wealth would be shared
with the others who deserves it.
SECOND REASONSECOND REASON

 There is no shortage of Allah’s bestowal upon mankind regarding
wealth and provision – mankind's’ economic problem is only
regarding its distribution.
 This is because living in this world is but a test – especially in this
case, test upon rich towards the poor, the have towards those
who have not.

 Thus, Muslim regards part of what Allah SWT gives him to include
what belongs to others, which becomes his amanah (trust) to
distribute them to its rightful recipients.

 And because the Muslim regards his wealth to include what
belongs to others, as long as these are not given out to their
rightful recipients, his wealth is not regarded totally as his.
 Therefore by giving out the zakat, it is like purifying the wealth
which is in his possession from what is not his (which are
forbidden for him to consume).

 What is the real worth of our wealth? Upon our death, theseWhat is the real worth of our wealth? Upon our death, these
wealth loses all value for us, except those that has been spentwealth loses all value for us, except those that has been spent
in accordance towards what Allah SWT commanded us to – andin accordance towards what Allah SWT commanded us to – and
He promises to increase them, not only its amount, but its realHe promises to increase them, not only its amount, but its real
value for us will be eternally enjoyed beyond our death.value for us will be eternally enjoyed beyond our death.
FIRST REASONINGFIRST REASONING

 The promise reward is a minimum return of 1 : 700% (certainlyThe promise reward is a minimum return of 1 : 700% (certainly
a most generous investment returns for our hereafter).a most generous investment returns for our hereafter).

““ THE PARABLETHE PARABLE of those who spend their possessions forof those who spend their possessions for
the sake of Allah is that of a grain out of which growthe sake of Allah is that of a grain out of which grow
seven ears, in every ear a hundred grains: for Allahseven ears, in every ear a hundred grains: for Allah
grants manifold increase unto whom He wills; and Allahgrants manifold increase unto whom He wills; and Allah
is infinite, all-knowing.”is infinite, all-knowing.”

 More importantly, this ‘increase’ promised by Allah SWT isMore importantly, this ‘increase’ promised by Allah SWT is
bothboth REALREAL because it will be in the after-life where its fullbecause it will be in the after-life where its full
benefits are not limited (as in this world), and it will bebenefits are not limited (as in this world), and it will be
PERPETUALPERPETUAL unlike here in this temporary world.unlike here in this temporary world.

 Wealth is measured, not by how much money is a country, but
by how it has been circulated and how many times it is used.
Thus a country’s economy is measured by Gross Domestic
Product (GDP).
SECOND REASONINGSECOND REASONING

 In society, there are people who do not have spending power
due to poverty or unemployment etc. (which zakat is meant for).
Providing for them means injecting into the economy catalysts
to increase economic activity because of the “multiplier effect” it
generates.

 Thus it is, that Zakat seems to ‘penalise’ unused wealth, to
discourage hoardings especially when these wealth inevitably
deprive those who are in need from having means to spend
even on basics.

 Wealth when used or injected into the economy would
in fact generate work and incomes to these various
category of people, thus, by increasing consumer
demand (spending) increases national products and
services, whereas hoarding wealth would stifle and
retard the economy.

AgriculturalAgricultural
produceproduce
TYPES OF WEALTHTYPES OF WEALTH NISABNISAB HAULHAUL RATES OF ZAKATRATES OF ZAKAT
635 kg.635 kg.
PerPer
harvestharvest
 5% produce in5% produce in
case of irrigatedcase of irrigated
land.land.
 10% produce10% produce
from rain-fedfrom rain-fed
land.land.
Reference: “Fiqhuz-Zakah” – Sheikh Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradhawi

Gold, silver orGold, silver or
ornaments ofornaments of
gold and silvergold and silver
85 gm85 gm
(gold)(gold)
595 gm595 gm
(silver)(silver)
One
year
(lunar)
 2.5% of the
value

Cash, in handCash, in hand
or in the bankor in the bank
One
year
(lunar)
 2.5% of the2.5% of the
amount of cashamount of cash
in hand or inin hand or in
bankbank
Value ofValue of
595 gm595 gm
(silver)(silver)
(MUIS)*
S$4,568
as @ DECEMBER
2013
*Islamic Religious
Council of
Singapore

Trading goodsTrading goods
One
year
(lunar)
 2.5% of the
value of the
goods
Value ofValue of
595 gm595 gm
(silver)(silver)
(MUIS)*
S$4,568
as @ DECEMBER
2013
*Islamic Religious
Council of
Singapore

Cows andCows and
buffaloesbuffaloes
30 in
numbers
-  For every 30, a 1-
year old calf; and
so on.

Goats and sheep
40 in
numbers
-  One sheep for
first 40;
 Two for 120; and
so on.

Produce ofProduce of
the mines –the mines –
all kinds ofall kinds of
mineralsminerals
Any
amount
-  20% of the value
of produce

Camels
5 numbers -
 5 up to 24 : one
sheep or goat for
every 5 camels;
25 up to 35 : one 1-
year old she camel;
and so on

In keeping with changing economic system (development), thereIn keeping with changing economic system (development), there
may be other types of wealth which contemporary Islamic juristsmay be other types of wealth which contemporary Islamic jurists
may regard to be ‘zakatable’ by consensus (may regard to be ‘zakatable’ by consensus (IJMA’IJMA’) or in accordance) or in accordance
with acceptable scholarly exertion (with acceptable scholarly exertion (IJTIHADIJTIHAD), be it analogous), be it analogous
deduction (deduction (QIYASQIYAS), preference (), preference (ISTIHSANISTIHSAN), needs (), needs (MASLAHATMASLAHAT ) etc.) etc.
Wa-Allaahu a’lam
(IT IS ALLAH WHO KNOWS ALL)

““ASAANIF”ASAANIF” : THE CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE: THE CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE
UNTO WHICH ZAKAT MUST BE GIVEN TO.UNTO WHICH ZAKAT MUST BE GIVEN TO.

““ The alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those whoThe alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those who
collect them, and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, andcollect them, and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and
to free the captives and the debtors, and for the cause ofto free the captives and the debtors, and for the cause of
Allah, and (for) the wayfarerAllah, and (for) the wayfarer; a duty imposed by Allah; a duty imposed by Allah. Allah is. Allah is
Knower, Wise.”Knower, Wise.”
((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 60Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 60))

REGARDING THEIR GENERAL
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES

““The Believers men and women, are (The Believers men and women, are (AWLIYA’AWLIYA’)) protectorsprotectors
one of anotherone of another: they enjoin what is just, and forbid what is: they enjoin what is just, and forbid what is
evil: they observe regular prayers (evil: they observe regular prayers (swolahswolah), practice), practice
regular charity (regular charity (zakahzakah), and obey Allah and His Messenger.), and obey Allah and His Messenger.
On them will Allah pour His mercy: for Allah is Exalted inOn them will Allah pour His mercy: for Allah is Exalted in
power, Wise.”power, Wise.”
((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 71Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 71))

[1] The “poor; or those in poverty.” They are those who do not
possess any wealth, or whose income is less than ⅓ of what he
needs to sustain livelihood for himself and people under his
guardianship.
FUQARA’ - FAAQIRFUQARA’ - FAAQIR

[2] These are the “needy; those in need” or (those slightly better-
off than the “Faaqir”) who may have possessions and income, yet
“whose income is still less than ⅔ of what he needs to sustain
livelihood for himself and family under his care.”
MASAAKIN - MISKEENMASAAKIN - MISKEEN

[3] The full description is “[3] The full description is “those who are employed or workingthose who are employed or working
upon itupon it (collecting and distributing the zakah)”.(collecting and distributing the zakah)”.
This imply necessity for zakat institution be managedThis imply necessity for zakat institution be managed
(efficiently) professionally; and to safeguard the honour of every(efficiently) professionally; and to safeguard the honour of every
Muslims from having to beg.Muslims from having to beg.
‘‘AAMILEEN – ‘AMILAAMILEEN – ‘AMIL

[4] The literal translation of this group is “those whose hearts are
reconciled (i.e. towards accepting Islam)”.
This is to ensure new Muslims’ every need is provided for,
even those who may be rich, they are entitled to disbursement
from the Islamic treasury.
MU-ALLAFMU-ALLAF

[5] From the word meaning “neck” – it refers to the ransoming or freeing
Muslims from slavery.
This shows that every Muslim must be freed from all forms of slavery
or from being under oppression. Their freedom must be accorded for them
(if need be) using the zakat funds.
Although chattel slavery no longer exist, yet Islamic scholars are known
to apply ‘Qiyas’ (juristic analogy) for what may constitute modern ‘slavery’.
RI-QAABRI-QAAB

[6] These are “those who are indebted”.
We differentiate “debt” from “loan”. Loan is merely one who
can afford to repay what he owes, except that it be deferred. He is
not what we mean by “one who is indebted”.
“Those indebted” are akin to “Faaqir & Miskeen” but in a
temporary sense, because of unforeseen expenditure incurred
due to misfortune, sickness, accident, calamities etc.
GHAA-RIMEENGHAA-RIMEEN

[7] Literally, it means “those (fighting, striving) in the Way of Allah”.
This is for those Muslim “Mujahideen” in the way of Allah,
during war as fighters; and In peace time, it include the “Mujahid
of Da’wah” i.e. those striving to “raise the kalimah of Allah, to be
highest” in the field of spreading the teachings of Islam through
Da’wah.
FEE-SABI-LILLAAHFEE-SABI-LILLAAH

[8] This refers to Muslim “travellers or wayfarer”.
A Muslim traveller in need, has rights to zakat funds, wherever or
whenever he encounters difficulty while travelling in Muslim lands. In
fact, there were times in history that the Islamic state provided 3 days
hospitality in caravanserais (Musafir-kana) managed by Islamic
treasury (Bayt-ul-Maal) , for every Muslim travellers.
IBNUS-SABEELIBNUS-SABEEL

““Fair in the eyes of men is the love of things they covetFair in the eyes of men is the love of things they covet: women: women
and sons; heaped-up hoards of gold and silver; horses branded (forand sons; heaped-up hoards of gold and silver; horses branded (for
blood and excellence); and (wealth of) cattle and well-tilled land.blood and excellence); and (wealth of) cattle and well-tilled land.
Such are the possessions of this world's life;Such are the possessions of this world's life; but in nearness tobut in nearness to
Allah is the best of the goals (to return to).Allah is the best of the goals (to return to).””
((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3:14Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3:14))

"But seek,"But seek, with the (wealth) which Allah has bestowed onwith the (wealth) which Allah has bestowed on
thee, the Home of the Hereafterthee, the Home of the Hereafter, nor forget thy portion in this, nor forget thy portion in this
world: but do thou good, as Allah has been good to thee, andworld: but do thou good, as Allah has been good to thee, and
seek not (occasions for) mischief in the land: for Allah loves notseek not (occasions for) mischief in the land: for Allah loves not
those who do mischief."those who do mischief."
((Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77))

“Who is he that will loan to Allah a beautiful loan,
(QARD’-HASANAH) which Allah will double unto his credit
and multiply many times? It is Allah that gives (you) want
or plenty and to Him shall be your return.”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 245)

Render not vain your almsgiving (swodaqat)
by reproach and injury, (Q: Baqarah: 2: 264)

“ Those who spend their wealth in the cause of Allah and
follow not up their gifts with reminders of their generosity or
with injury,― for them their reward is with their Lord; on
them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. ”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 262)

““ Kind words and the covering of faultsKind words and the covering of faults are betterare better
than charity followed by injury. Allah is free of all wants,than charity followed by injury. Allah is free of all wants,
and He is Most Forbearing. ”and He is Most Forbearing. ”

““ O ye who believe!O ye who believe! Render not vain your almsgivingRender not vain your almsgiving ((swodaqatswodaqat))
by reproach and injury, like him who spends his wealth only to beby reproach and injury, like him who spends his wealth only to be
seen of men and believes not in Allah and the Last Day. Hisseen of men and believes not in Allah and the Last Day. His
likeness is as the likeness of a rock whereon is dust of earth; alikeness is as the likeness of a rock whereon is dust of earth; a
rainstorm smites it, leaving it smooth and bare. They have norainstorm smites it, leaving it smooth and bare. They have no
control of aught of that which they have gained. Allah guides notcontrol of aught of that which they have gained. Allah guides not
the disbelieving folk. ”the disbelieving folk. ”

““ TheThe Satan threatens you with povertySatan threatens you with poverty and bids you to conductand bids you to conduct
unseemly. Allah promises you His forgiveness and bounties andunseemly. Allah promises you His forgiveness and bounties and
Allah cares for all and He knows all things.”Allah cares for all and He knows all things.”

““ Whatever of good ye give benefits your own souls and ye shallWhatever of good ye give benefits your own souls and ye shall
only do so seeking the "Face" of Allah.only do so seeking the "Face" of Allah. Whatever good ye give, shallWhatever good ye give, shall
be rendered back to yoube rendered back to you and ye shall not be dealt with unjustly. ”and ye shall not be dealt with unjustly. ”

““And let not those whoAnd let not those who covetously withheld of the gifts whichcovetously withheld of the gifts which
Allah hath given them of His Grace think that it is good for themAllah hath given them of His Grace think that it is good for them::
nay it will be the worse for them: soon it will be tied to their necksnay it will be the worse for them: soon it will be tied to their necks
like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgment. To Allah belongs thelike a twisted collar on the Day of Judgment. To Allah belongs the
heritage of the heavens and the earth; andheritage of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is wellAllah is well
acquainted with all that ye do.acquainted with all that ye do.””

““Allah hath heard the taunt of those who say: "Truly, Allah isAllah hath heard the taunt of those who say: "Truly, Allah is
indigent and we are rich!",― We shall certainly record theirindigent and we are rich!",― We shall certainly record their
word and (their act) of slaying the Prophets in defiance ofword and (their act) of slaying the Prophets in defiance of
right, and We shall say: "Taste ye the penalty of theright, and We shall say: "Taste ye the penalty of the
Scorching Fire!. “Scorching Fire!. “

“O ye who believe! There are indeed many among the priests
and anchorites, who in falsehood devour the wealth of men
and hinder (them) from the Way of Allah. And there are those
who bury gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah:
announce unto them a most grievous penalty.”
(Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 34)

““On the Day whenOn the Day when heat will be produced out of that (wealth) inheat will be produced out of that (wealth) in
the fire of Hell, and with it will be branded their foreheads, theirthe fire of Hell, and with it will be branded their foreheads, their
flanks and their backsflanks and their backs― "This is the (treasure) which ye buried― "This is the (treasure) which ye buried
for yourselves: taste ye, then the (treasures) ye buried!"for yourselves: taste ye, then the (treasures) ye buried!"
((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 35Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 35 ))

““And spend [in the way of Allah] from what We haveAnd spend [in the way of Allah] from what We have
provided you before death approachesprovided you before death approaches one of you and heone of you and he
says, "My Lord, if only You would delay me for a brief term sosays, "My Lord, if only You would delay me for a brief term so
I would give charity and be among the righteous.I would give charity and be among the righteous. But neverBut never
will Allah delay a soul when its time has comewill Allah delay a soul when its time has come. And Allah is. And Allah is
Acquainted with what you do..”Acquainted with what you do..”
((Qur’an: Munafiun: 63: 10-11Qur’an: Munafiun: 63: 10-11 ))

““Protect your wealthProtect your wealth by paying theby paying the ZakahZakah, and, and heal your sickheal your sick
by giving charity (by giving charity (sadaqahsadaqah)”)”
((Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad s.a.wHadith of the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.).)

““There is no wealth which is mixed with (portions in which)There is no wealth which is mixed with (portions in which)
zakatzakat (is not paid) except that it will be cause of destruction.”(is not paid) except that it will be cause of destruction.”

““If you fulfil (pay out) theIf you fulfil (pay out) the zakatzakat upon your wealth with a goodupon your wealth with a good
heart (i.e. without feeling regret or sense of loss, or beingheart (i.e. without feeling regret or sense of loss, or being
insincere, hypocritical etc.), theninsincere, hypocritical etc.), then in reality you have been savedin reality you have been saved
from the evil (or harm which your wealth may bring upon you)from the evil (or harm which your wealth may bring upon you).”.”

““O Allah! Make sufficient for us our provision with what isO Allah! Make sufficient for us our provision with what is
lawful (halal) and not from what is forbidden (haram).lawful (halal) and not from what is forbidden (haram).
Enrich us with the bestowals from You alone, not fromEnrich us with the bestowals from You alone, not from
other than You.”other than You.”
ALLA-HUM-MAK - FI-NAA BI-ALLA-HUM-MAK - FI-NAA BI-HHA-LAA-LI-KA- ‘AN-A-LAA-LI-KA- ‘AN-HHA-RAA-MIK,A-RAA-MIK,
WA-ARGH-NI-NAA – BI – FAWA-ARGH-NI-NAA – BI – FADwDw -LI-KA – ‘AM-MAN –SI- WAAK-LI-KA – ‘AM-MAN –SI- WAAK

ALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE – A –’UU- DZU – BIKA - MINAL-ALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE – A –’UU- DZU – BIKA - MINAL-
BUKH-LI, WA – A-’UU-DZU- BIKA - MINAL-JUBNI,BUKH-LI, WA – A-’UU-DZU- BIKA - MINAL-JUBNI,
WA-A-’UU-DZU - BIKA MIN- AN- URAD -DA – ILAA –WA-A-’UU-DZU - BIKA MIN- AN- URAD -DA – ILAA –
AR-ZA- LIL- ‘UMUR , WA –A-’UU-DZU- BIKA – MIN – FITNA-TID-DUN-AR-ZA- LIL- ‘UMUR , WA –A-’UU-DZU- BIKA – MIN – FITNA-TID-DUN-
YAA – WA – ‘A-DZAA-BIL – QAB-RIYAA – WA – ‘A-DZAA-BIL – QAB-RI

““O AllO Allaah, I seek refuge in You from miserliness and cowardice, Ih, I seek refuge in You from miserliness and cowardice, I
seek refuge in You lest I be returned to the worst of lives “i.e.seek refuge in You lest I be returned to the worst of lives “i.e.
old age, being weak, destitute, incapable and in a state ofold age, being weak, destitute, incapable and in a state of
fear, etc.”, and I seek refuge in You from the trials andfear, etc.”, and I seek refuge in You from the trials and
tribulations of this worldly life and the punishment of thetribulations of this worldly life and the punishment of the
grave.”grave.”

““O Allah! We ask that You be pleased with us and (grant us)O Allah! We ask that You be pleased with us and (grant us)
the Paradise, and we seek refuge (in You) from Your wraththe Paradise, and we seek refuge (in You) from Your wrath
and the Hell-fire.”and the Hell-fire.”
ALLA-HUM-MA IN-NAA NAS-A-LU-KA RI-ALLA-HUM-MA IN-NAA NAS-A-LU-KA RI- DwDwAA -KA WAL JAN-NATA,AA -KA WAL JAN-NATA,
WA-NA-’UU- DzU- BI-KA MIN SA-WA-NA-’UU- DzU- BI-KA MIN SA-KHKHA-TI-KA WAN-NAARA-TI-KA WAN-NAAR

““(May) Allah grant His Reward upon Muhammad,(May) Allah grant His Reward upon Muhammad,
salutations of Allah and Peace be upon him and hissalutations of Allah and Peace be upon him and his
family, in accordance with what he deserves (infamily, in accordance with what he deserves (in
Allah’s knowledge & estimation).”Allah’s knowledge & estimation).”
JAZALLAA-HU ‘AN-NAA MUHAM-MADAN SWOL-LAL-LAAHUJAZALLAA-HU ‘AN-NAA MUHAM-MADAN SWOL-LAL-LAAHU
‘‘ALAY-HI WA- AA-LIHI WA-SAL-LA-MA – MAA HU-WA AH-LUHUALAY-HI WA- AA-LIHI WA-SAL-LA-MA – MAA HU-WA AH-LUHU

WA -WA - SWSWOL-LAL-LAAHU – ‘A – LAA – SAI-YI-DI-NAA – MUOL-LAL-LAAHU – ‘A – LAA – SAI-YI-DI-NAA – MUHHAM-MADIN –AM-MADIN –
WA – ‘ALAA – AA -LIHI – WA -WA – ‘ALAA – AA -LIHI – WA - SWSWOOHH – BI-HI – WAS - SAL-LA-M– BI-HI – WAS - SAL-LA-M
““And may the Salutations of Allah and peace be uponAnd may the Salutations of Allah and peace be upon
our Leader Muhammadour Leader Muhammad
and his family and Companions.”and his family and Companions.”

””Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! (HeGlory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! (He
is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)! And Peace onis free) from what they ascribe (to Him)! And Peace on
the Messengers! And praise to Allah, the Lord andthe Messengers! And praise to Allah, the Lord and
Cherisher of the Worlds.”Cherisher of the Worlds.”
((Qur’an : Saffat: 37 : 180-182Qur’an : Saffat: 37 : 180-182))

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