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The sand replacement test determines the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders. The test involves excavating a soil sample, measuring its mass, and replacing the excavated volume with sand of a known density to find the sample volume. This allows calculating the dry density based on the sample mass and volume. The test establishes a relationship between dry density and moisture content. It is used to evaluate compaction levels in the field according to acceptance criteria for different depths.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai berbagai jenis ujian konkrit yang dilakukan untuk menentukan kekuatan dan kualitasnya. Terdapat tiga jenis ujian utama yang dijelaskan yaitu: (1) Ujian Kiub untuk mengukur kekuatan mampatan konkrit, (2) Ujian Penurunan untuk menilai kemudahan kerja konkrit, dan (3) Ujian Angkadar Kepadatan untuk mengukur tingkat kepadatan konkrit. Dokumen tersebut
The document provides information about a site investigation using a Mackintosh probe at a proposed school site. It includes an introduction to site investigations and the purpose of using a Mackintosh probe. Details are given about the equipment, procedures, and sample logs of penetration resistance readings from six probe locations. The conclusion compares the Mackintosh probe to JKR probes and notes limitations of the Mackintosh probe. References for further information are also included.
This document discusses several applications of slope stability analysis using the finite element method. It begins by introducing slope stability analysis and some traditional limit equilibrium methods. It then discusses two main advantages of the finite element method: it does not require assumptions about the failure surface shape or location, and it can model complex geometries and soil properties. The document presents several examples of applying the finite element method to analyze slope stability under various conditions, including accounting for drainage, brittle soil behavior, and engineering interventions. It compares results to traditional methods and notes the additional data on stresses, strains, and progressive failure that finite element analysis can provide.
This document summarizes the types, components, and failure modes of earthen dams. It discusses the trends in constructing earthen dams instead of concrete dams due to advantages like cost. The main types of earthen dams described are earth-fill dams, zoned dams, rock-fill dams, and those with central cores. Failures typically result from overtopping, seepage, slope failures, hydraulic fracturing, differential settlement, liquefaction, and leakage due to improper design, materials, or construction techniques. Examples of dam failures in India and other countries are provided that resulted from issues like wrong site selection and leakage.
The Mackintosh Probe is a lightweight penetrometer that is faster and cheaper than boring equipment, especially for moderate depths in soft or loose soils. It consists of 16mm steel rods connected by couplings that prevent buckling during driving with a 5kg hammer from 30cm above. The number of blows to penetrate 30cm is recorded and used to evaluate soil consistency, density, and parameters. It allows disturbed soil sampling and subsurface stratigraphy identification. Advantages include being light, easy to use, economical, and faster than other tools, while disadvantages include potential for human error, limited depth, and inability to penetrate medium-strength soils. The procedure involves assembling the probe, driving it with blows counted for 30cm intervals, until 15
The sand replacement test determines the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders. The test involves excavating a soil sample, measuring its mass, and replacing the excavated volume with sand of a known density to find the sample volume. This allows calculating the dry density based on the sample mass and volume. The test establishes a relationship between dry density and moisture content. It is used to evaluate compaction levels in the field according to acceptance criteria for different depths.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan informasi mengenai berbagai jenis ujian konkrit yang dilakukan untuk menentukan kekuatan dan kualitasnya. Terdapat tiga jenis ujian utama yang dijelaskan yaitu: (1) Ujian Kiub untuk mengukur kekuatan mampatan konkrit, (2) Ujian Penurunan untuk menilai kemudahan kerja konkrit, dan (3) Ujian Angkadar Kepadatan untuk mengukur tingkat kepadatan konkrit. Dokumen tersebut
The document provides information about a site investigation using a Mackintosh probe at a proposed school site. It includes an introduction to site investigations and the purpose of using a Mackintosh probe. Details are given about the equipment, procedures, and sample logs of penetration resistance readings from six probe locations. The conclusion compares the Mackintosh probe to JKR probes and notes limitations of the Mackintosh probe. References for further information are also included.
This document discusses several applications of slope stability analysis using the finite element method. It begins by introducing slope stability analysis and some traditional limit equilibrium methods. It then discusses two main advantages of the finite element method: it does not require assumptions about the failure surface shape or location, and it can model complex geometries and soil properties. The document presents several examples of applying the finite element method to analyze slope stability under various conditions, including accounting for drainage, brittle soil behavior, and engineering interventions. It compares results to traditional methods and notes the additional data on stresses, strains, and progressive failure that finite element analysis can provide.
This document summarizes the types, components, and failure modes of earthen dams. It discusses the trends in constructing earthen dams instead of concrete dams due to advantages like cost. The main types of earthen dams described are earth-fill dams, zoned dams, rock-fill dams, and those with central cores. Failures typically result from overtopping, seepage, slope failures, hydraulic fracturing, differential settlement, liquefaction, and leakage due to improper design, materials, or construction techniques. Examples of dam failures in India and other countries are provided that resulted from issues like wrong site selection and leakage.
The Mackintosh Probe is a lightweight penetrometer that is faster and cheaper than boring equipment, especially for moderate depths in soft or loose soils. It consists of 16mm steel rods connected by couplings that prevent buckling during driving with a 5kg hammer from 30cm above. The number of blows to penetrate 30cm is recorded and used to evaluate soil consistency, density, and parameters. It allows disturbed soil sampling and subsurface stratigraphy identification. Advantages include being light, easy to use, economical, and faster than other tools, while disadvantages include potential for human error, limited depth, and inability to penetrate medium-strength soils. The procedure involves assembling the probe, driving it with blows counted for 30cm intervals, until 15
The document discusses soil investigation methods used to characterize soil properties for engineering projects. It describes different soil horizons defined by composition and depth. Key soil characteristics discussed include color, texture, aggregation, porosity, ion content, and pH. Common soil investigation techniques are also summarized, such as trial pitting, dynamic probe testing, cable percussive boreholes, and rotary drilled boreholes. The purposes of soil investigations are to determine suitability for construction and adequate foundation design while anticipating difficulties.
Pembancuhan konkrit yang dilakukan di tapak bina ataupun kilang hendaklah mematuhi nisbah bancuhan yang tertentu untuk menghasilkan konkrit yang bermutu tinggi seperti kuat, tahan lasak,tinggi darjah kebolehannya dan yang terpenting adalah ekonomi.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang klasifikasi dan kriteria sistem pembangunan terindustrialisasi (IBS), termasuk tiga kategori utama IBS (sistem linear, sistem panel, sistem kotak), jenis-jenis IBS yang digunakan di Malaysia seperti sistem kerangka konkrit pratuang dan sistem acuan baja, serta standar dan kriteria yang harus dipenuhi untuk IBS.
Dokumen tersebut membahasikan proses pembinaan dan bahan-bahan binaan yang digunakan dalam kejuruteraan awam. Ia menjelaskan peringkat-peringkat pembinaan, pihak berkuasa dan kakitangan teknikal yang terlibat serta sifat-sifat utama bahan-bahan binaan seperti kayu dan konkrit."
IBS - Individual Assignment (Time comparison between IBS & traditional constr...Haziq1511
This document compares the time and speed of construction between cast-in-situ and industrialized building system (IBS) methods. It finds that IBS is typically faster, especially during the building erection phase, as prefabricated components can be assembled more quickly on site than pouring and curing concrete. However, both methods have similar timelines for design, planning and site preparation. The document also notes some potential delays for IBS, such as weather issues during erection or difficulties adapting to late design changes. Overall, IBS is concluded to be faster, but cast-in-situ may be preferable for certain building designs.
Konkrit ialah bahan yang dihasilkan melalui campuran simen Portland, batu baur halus dan batu baur kasar serta air. Batu baur merupakan bahan pepejal sementara simen apabila dicampur dengan air bertindak sebagai bahan pengikat. Campuran ini akan mengeras melalui tindakan kimia yang dinamakan proses penghidratan.
The document discusses foundations and site exploration for determining soil properties. It describes the functions of foundations, including distributing loads, preventing uneven settling, and providing stability. Subsurface investigation methods are outlined, such as trial pits, probing, geophysical tests, and borings used to determine soil types and properties at varying depths. The document also discusses determining the bearing capacity of soils using methods like plate load tests and penetration tests.
Spot speed studies are used to determine the speed
distribution of a traffic stream at a specific location. I The data gathered in spot speed studies are used to determine vehicle speed percentiles, which are useful in making many speed-related decisions
Cerucuk digunakan untuk menguatkan tanah lembut dan membawa beban bangunan ke lapisan tanah yang lebih kukuh. Terdapat beberapa jenis cerucuk seperti konkrit, keluli, kayu, dan mikro yang sesuai digunakan bergantung pada sifat tanah dan beban. Cerucuk direka bentuk untuk menyebarkan beban ke tanah melalui daya geseran atau tanggungan hujungnya.
This document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the standard consistency of cement paste. The standard consistency is the percentage of water by weight needed to create a cement paste that allows a Vicat plunger to penetrate to a depth of 4-7mm after 30 seconds. Through a series of trials mixing cement with different percentages of water, the experiment found that a water content of 28% produced a cement paste with the standard consistency.
This document discusses site investigation techniques for determining soil properties. It describes taking disturbed and undisturbed soil samples using tools like a hand auger. Properties like bulk density and moisture content are then calculated in the lab from the samples. Appropriate site investigation methods depend on factors like the geological and topographical conditions and the type of information needed. Methods range from simple visual inspections to more complex techniques using equipment like boreholes for different soil and construction types.
This document analyzes the pattern of discharge at the SMART (Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel) in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The SMART Tunnel was constructed in 2006 to divert flood waters from heavy rainfall and storms. The analysis found that the discharge pattern at the SMART Tunnel was not fully dependent on rainfall patterns, as some major flood events did not match theoretical models. This was due to factors like uncontrolled development near rivers, obstructions in river systems, and rivers with inadequate cross-sections. While 8 of 14 major floods matched rainfall patterns, 6 did not due to these additional physical factors affecting flood discharges. The document recommends further research to address these issues and improve the SMART Tunnel's ability to manage stormwater
This document discusses a geo-electrical investigation of groundwater potential in Kuje Area Council, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. It was conducted by Adeeko Tajudeen Olugbenga, a master's student at the University of Abuja, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree in applied geophysics. The study aimed to demonstrate the application of the vertical electrical sounding (VES) method to explore for groundwater for irrigation and domestic use in three areas of Kuje. ABEM Terrameter SAS 300C was used to carry out 25 VES measurements using the Schlumberger profiling method. The results identified 4-5 geoelectric layers and showed that one area has potential
The document discusses soil investigation methods used to characterize soil properties for engineering projects. It describes different soil horizons defined by composition and depth. Key soil characteristics discussed include color, texture, aggregation, porosity, ion content, and pH. Common soil investigation techniques are also summarized, such as trial pitting, dynamic probe testing, cable percussive boreholes, and rotary drilled boreholes. The purposes of soil investigations are to determine suitability for construction and adequate foundation design while anticipating difficulties.
Pembancuhan konkrit yang dilakukan di tapak bina ataupun kilang hendaklah mematuhi nisbah bancuhan yang tertentu untuk menghasilkan konkrit yang bermutu tinggi seperti kuat, tahan lasak,tinggi darjah kebolehannya dan yang terpenting adalah ekonomi.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang klasifikasi dan kriteria sistem pembangunan terindustrialisasi (IBS), termasuk tiga kategori utama IBS (sistem linear, sistem panel, sistem kotak), jenis-jenis IBS yang digunakan di Malaysia seperti sistem kerangka konkrit pratuang dan sistem acuan baja, serta standar dan kriteria yang harus dipenuhi untuk IBS.
Dokumen tersebut membahasikan proses pembinaan dan bahan-bahan binaan yang digunakan dalam kejuruteraan awam. Ia menjelaskan peringkat-peringkat pembinaan, pihak berkuasa dan kakitangan teknikal yang terlibat serta sifat-sifat utama bahan-bahan binaan seperti kayu dan konkrit."
IBS - Individual Assignment (Time comparison between IBS & traditional constr...Haziq1511
This document compares the time and speed of construction between cast-in-situ and industrialized building system (IBS) methods. It finds that IBS is typically faster, especially during the building erection phase, as prefabricated components can be assembled more quickly on site than pouring and curing concrete. However, both methods have similar timelines for design, planning and site preparation. The document also notes some potential delays for IBS, such as weather issues during erection or difficulties adapting to late design changes. Overall, IBS is concluded to be faster, but cast-in-situ may be preferable for certain building designs.
Konkrit ialah bahan yang dihasilkan melalui campuran simen Portland, batu baur halus dan batu baur kasar serta air. Batu baur merupakan bahan pepejal sementara simen apabila dicampur dengan air bertindak sebagai bahan pengikat. Campuran ini akan mengeras melalui tindakan kimia yang dinamakan proses penghidratan.
The document discusses foundations and site exploration for determining soil properties. It describes the functions of foundations, including distributing loads, preventing uneven settling, and providing stability. Subsurface investigation methods are outlined, such as trial pits, probing, geophysical tests, and borings used to determine soil types and properties at varying depths. The document also discusses determining the bearing capacity of soils using methods like plate load tests and penetration tests.
Spot speed studies are used to determine the speed
distribution of a traffic stream at a specific location. I The data gathered in spot speed studies are used to determine vehicle speed percentiles, which are useful in making many speed-related decisions
Cerucuk digunakan untuk menguatkan tanah lembut dan membawa beban bangunan ke lapisan tanah yang lebih kukuh. Terdapat beberapa jenis cerucuk seperti konkrit, keluli, kayu, dan mikro yang sesuai digunakan bergantung pada sifat tanah dan beban. Cerucuk direka bentuk untuk menyebarkan beban ke tanah melalui daya geseran atau tanggungan hujungnya.
This document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the standard consistency of cement paste. The standard consistency is the percentage of water by weight needed to create a cement paste that allows a Vicat plunger to penetrate to a depth of 4-7mm after 30 seconds. Through a series of trials mixing cement with different percentages of water, the experiment found that a water content of 28% produced a cement paste with the standard consistency.
This document discusses site investigation techniques for determining soil properties. It describes taking disturbed and undisturbed soil samples using tools like a hand auger. Properties like bulk density and moisture content are then calculated in the lab from the samples. Appropriate site investigation methods depend on factors like the geological and topographical conditions and the type of information needed. Methods range from simple visual inspections to more complex techniques using equipment like boreholes for different soil and construction types.
This document analyzes the pattern of discharge at the SMART (Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel) in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The SMART Tunnel was constructed in 2006 to divert flood waters from heavy rainfall and storms. The analysis found that the discharge pattern at the SMART Tunnel was not fully dependent on rainfall patterns, as some major flood events did not match theoretical models. This was due to factors like uncontrolled development near rivers, obstructions in river systems, and rivers with inadequate cross-sections. While 8 of 14 major floods matched rainfall patterns, 6 did not due to these additional physical factors affecting flood discharges. The document recommends further research to address these issues and improve the SMART Tunnel's ability to manage stormwater
This document discusses a geo-electrical investigation of groundwater potential in Kuje Area Council, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. It was conducted by Adeeko Tajudeen Olugbenga, a master's student at the University of Abuja, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree in applied geophysics. The study aimed to demonstrate the application of the vertical electrical sounding (VES) method to explore for groundwater for irrigation and domestic use in three areas of Kuje. ABEM Terrameter SAS 300C was used to carry out 25 VES measurements using the Schlumberger profiling method. The results identified 4-5 geoelectric layers and showed that one area has potential
Adequate knowledge about the hydrology is very much required for the proper planning and management of water resources in an area. Rainfall and runoff are the important constituents in determining the hydrology of an area to determine the water management strategies. SCS- CN method is a widely used method for the calculation of surface runoff considering the land use pattern, soil type and antecedent moisture condition. In the present study runoff of the Palar watershed, Karnataka state, South India has been calculated using the SCS-CN method. The watershed consists of a total area of 2872.357 km2. The maximum rainfall of 1231.67 mm in the year 2005 and a minimum of 418.7 mm in the year 2003. The average annual runoff is calculated as 218.26 mm and 626.91MCM. The rainfall- runoff correlation value is 0.8253. The study results can be effectively coordinated for the watershed management activities.
The document summarizes measles surveillance and immunization status in West Bengal, with a focus on Uttar Dinajpur district. It finds that Uttar Dinajpur reported the highest measles mortality in West Bengal since 2007. Measles immunization coverage in the district is 61%. It also reports on recent measles outbreaks in various villages in Uttar Dinajpur between 2009-2010 and analyzes the manpower, workload, and health system challenges in improving immunization rates in the district.
Capstone Project - The Battle of Neighbourhoods Impact of COVID-19 in Andhra...T.N. Shankar
In Andhra Pradesh, India COVID pandemic tally has gone up to 1177 with 31 deaths 266 recovered. Still 911 active cases
are there In the COVID hospital to get recovery. This is model to design the zones according to recent updates
Climate Change Impacts on Reservoir based Hydropower Generation in Nepal: A c...Manjeet Dhakal
This result shows that winter is becoming dryer and rainy season is getting more and more rain that signifies essential need of reservoir based hydro powers also with greater water holding capacity in its reservoir. Similarly, there is temporal variation of different climate characteristics such as amount and intensity of rainfall, temperature and discharge in the river in study area. With the change in precepetatin pattern, Kulekhani in monsoon is receiving more rainfall on lesser number of days, this shows the chances of more sediment production in the watershed that lead to shorten lifespan of the reservoir.
This document summarizes a study on the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature, rainfall, sunshine, and humidity in Bangladesh and their implications for crop agriculture. Key findings include rising temperatures across Bangladesh at a rate of 1.2°C per century based on historical data, stronger warming trends in recent decades, varying rainfall trends by region and season, decreasing sunshine duration, and increasing humidity. Crop modeling suggests vulnerability of wheat and boro rice yields to climate change impacts by the end of the century. Local perceptions also indicate experiences of changing climate and impacts on crops.
Capacity building and human resources development ICARDA
This document discusses capacity building and human resource development for implementing agricultural innovations in Central Asia's dryland systems. It outlines several challenges facing the region, including climate change, population growth, land degradation, and water management issues. It then proposes building a knowledge transfer and risk management system for irrigated agriculture in the region to help address these problems. This system would involve partnerships, monitoring changes and risks, providing farmers with information, and adopting best practices through training. Pilot projects in Uzbekistan demonstrated increased productivity and water savings through such an approach.
Fyp project proposal presentation-GSM based piped water theft detection by Kh...SIMO1993
This document presents a proposal for a GSM-based piped water theft detection system to address the problem of water theft in Uganda. National Water and Sewerage Corporation loses around 30-35% of its total revenue to water theft such as illegal connections and meter tampering. The proposed system will detect water theft and alert authorities via SMS. It will be designed using gathered requirements and simulated over six months to help NWSC improve water provision in Uganda.
The document presents the development of a decision support system for drought monitoring in Sindh province, Pakistan. It outlines the objectives of identifying drought prone areas using satellite data, developing a methodology to determine drought severity, and relating meteorological and agricultural drought impacts. The methodology uses MODIS NDVI and LST data, as well as NCEP climate data, to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) for drought monitoring and assessment. Time series graphs of SPI values at the district and provincial level in Sindh are analyzed to understand drought patterns and severity over time.
A study on comparision of runoff estimated by Empirical formulae with Measure...Ahmed Ali S D
MAIN PUPOSE OF THIS PPT PRESENTATION IS TO SELECT SIUTABLE DISCHARGE FORMULA FOR A RIVER BASIN TO ESTIMATE RUNOFF ONLY BY USING PRECIPITATION DATA ONLY. IF WE KNOW RAINFALL DATA WE EASILY ESTIMATE FUTURE RUNOFF ALSO.
This document discusses using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to forecast precipitation in Mt. Kenya region. It fits various SARIMA models to monthly precipitation data from 1970 to 2011 and selects the best model with the lowest AIC and BIC values. The best model was found to be SARIMA(1,0,1)x(1,0,0)12, which had two statistically significant variables and passed diagnostic checks. Forecast accuracy statistics for this model, including ME, MSE, RMSE and MAE, indicated the SARIMA model provides a good method for precipitation forecasting in Mt. Kenya region.
This document summarizes the key findings from case studies on the impacts of climate change on water resources and water use sectors in Asia. It outlines that maximum temperatures are projected to increase in all studied basins by 1.0 to 4.2°C under the A2 scenario and 0.8 to 2.6°C under the B2 scenario by late century. Precipitation projections vary significantly across basins and models. Runoff is projected to increase in some basins but decrease in others. Crop yields for rice and maize are expected to decline in most areas. Irrigation water demand is also projected to change in the basins studied.
A comparative study of different imputation methods for daily rainfall data i...journalBEEI
Rainfall data are the most significant values in hydrology and climatology modelling. However, the datasets are prone to missing values due to various issues. This study aspires to impute the rainfall missing values by using various imputation method such as Replace by Mean, Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, Non-linear Interactive Partial Least-Square (NIPALS) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Daily rainfall datasets from 48 rainfall stations across east-coast Peninsular Malaysia were used in this study. The dataset were then fed into Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model. The performance of abovementioned methods were evaluated using Root Mean Square Method (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (CE). The experimental results showed that RF coupled with MLR (RF-MLR) approach was attained as more fitting for satisfying the missing data in east-coast Peninsular Malaysia.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Here are the key problems addressed in the study:
- Unpredictable rainfall patterns affect agricultural planning and production in Rwanda, especially for small-scale farmers. Insufficient or excess rainfall can damage crops.
- Farmers lack timely and accurate rainfall forecasts to determine optimal sowing/planting dates and irrigation requirements. As a result, they may plant at wrong times or irrigate unnecessarily, incurring losses.
- Existing rainfall prediction methods used by Meteo Rwanda need to be evaluated for accuracy and reliability to better support agricultural activities. Performance criteria need to be established.
- More localized and site-specific rainfall predictions are needed at the swamp/district level rather than just national forecasts. The R
This document presents a case study of coupling surface water and groundwater models in the Netravathi river basin located in southern India. It summarizes the data collected and methodology used. Key data included a digital elevation model, soil data, land use/land cover maps, rainfall and weather data, hydrological data including streamflow, and groundwater levels. The methodology involved using SWAT to model surface water hydrology and estimate groundwater recharge, then coupling the SWAT outputs to a MODFLOW groundwater model to allow a more complete analysis of the regional hydrological system.
The World Bank Group (WBG) and the International Hydropower Association (IHA) organized a workshop from January 19-20 in Myanmar to discuss sustainable hydropower and regional cooperation. Highlights of the workshop will be presented in global and regional forums including the 2015 IHA World Congress in Beijing, China.
IRJET- Assessment of Ground Water Pollution Near Landfill Site at Pune and Su...IRJET Journal
This study assessed the impact of the Uruli Devachi landfill site in Pune, Maharashtra, India on local groundwater quality. Water samples were collected from 7 wells near the landfill during the summer season and analyzed for parameters like pH, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, and sulfate. The results found that several parameters exceeded Indian drinking water standards, indicating the groundwater was polluted from the landfill. Domestic activities and waste dumping at a nearby composting site were identified as likely pollution sources. Coconut shell filtration was able to somewhat reduce parameter levels but did not fully treat the water. The study concluded that the existing landfill site needs upgrades to prevent further groundwater contamination.
Water Productivity Mapping (WPM) at various Resolutions (scales) using Remote Sensing - A proof of Concept Study in the Syr Darya River Basin in Central Asia - Xueliang Cai, Prasad S. Thenkabail, Alexander Platanov, Chandrashekhar M. Biradar, Yafit Cohen, Victor Alchanatis, Naftali Goldshlager, Eyal Ben-Dor, MuraliKrishna Gumma, Venkateswarlu Dheeravath, and Jagath Vithanage
Similar to SLIDE PRESENTATION PROJECT HYDROLOGY UTHM (20)
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
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This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
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Road construction is not as easy as it seems to be, it includes various steps and it starts with its designing and
structure including the traffic volume consideration. Then base layer is done by bulldozers and levelers and after
base surface coating has to be done. For giving road a smooth surface with flexibility, Asphalt concrete is used.
Asphalt requires an aggregate sub base material layer, and then a base layer to be put into first place. Asphalt road
construction is formulated to support the heavy traffic load and climatic conditions. It is 100% recyclable and
saving non renewable natural resources.
With the advancement of technology, Asphalt technology gives assurance about the good drainage system and with
skid resistance it can be used where safety is necessary such as outsidethe schools.
The largest use of Asphalt is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces. It is widely used in airports around the
world due to the sturdiness and ability to be repaired quickly, it is widely used for runways dedicated to aircraft
landing and taking off. Asphalt is normally stored and transported at 150’C or 300’F temperature
5. Flooding is one of the most common natural catastrophes to
strike Malaysia. It happens nearly every year, especially
during the monsoon season. Selangor, Perak, Penang,
Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Negeri
Sembilan, Malacca, Johor, Sabah, and Sarawak are among
the states affected by the flooding.
This project is based on rainfall data taken at JPS. Based on
the place, group 8 have chosen at Baling state for our
project. There have 3 station that have chosen in 1 district,
Sg Ketil at Kuala Pegang, Sg Ketil at Jambatan Titian Ilham
and Sg Ketil at Padang Pulai. Data taken by year 2022
from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022.
INTRODUCTION
6. METHODOLOGY
Collect rainfall data and
water levels for 5 months
highest using the
Department of Irrigation and
Drainage websites.
Location of the rainfall
station, Sg. Ketil at Kuala
Pegang, Sg. Ketil at
Jambatan Titian Ilham and
Sg. Ketil at Kg Padang Pulai
DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION
AND DRAINAGE WEBSITES
7. Is a geospatial software program that allows users to study
and collect geographic data by displaying a virtual globe.
Find the catchment area.
Terrain profile and gradient slopes.
Cross-section of the river.
GOOGLE EARTH PRO
24. RIVER CROSS SECTION PROFILE PLOTS
STATION 1: SG. KETIL AT
JAMBATAN TITIAN ILHAM
STATION 2: SG. KETIL AT
KUALA PEGANG
STATION 3: SG. KETIL AT
PADANG PULAI
25. The arithmetical mean method is a very crude method and is rarely
used, meanwhile, the Thiessen polygon method is superior to the
arithmetic average method as some data is given to various stations on
a rational basis and the isohyetal method is considered as the best
method, compared to the method above.
This research has compiled and retrieved some vital information
concerning about rainfall data, water level data, area of common
floods location, terrain profiles and gradient slopes between stations,
cross sections of the river, discharge of the river at the maximum water
level and others.
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION