This document provides an overview of sleep disorders including insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, breathing-related sleep disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, parasomnias, and jet lag. It discusses the stages of normal sleep including light, intermediate, deep, and REM sleep. It covers causes, symptoms, and treatments for different sleep disorders. The functions of sleep are also reviewed including restoring the body, boosting immunity and mood, and facilitating memory processing.
Sleep is a necessary state of rest that allows the body and brain to regenerate energy and rebuild physical and mental states. There are different stages of sleep including light sleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep. Lack of quality sleep can negatively impact mood, cognitive performance, health, and accident risk due to fatigue. Chronic sleep loss is associated with serious health issues like heart disease, obesity, and even increased risk of death.
Sleeping disorders - impact on health & nutrition interventionsSupta Sarkar
This document summarizes research on the impacts of sleep disorders on health and potential nutrition interventions. It begins with an introduction to sleep regulation and the brain and circadian rhythms. It then discusses measuring sleep and the different stages and types of sleep. Several common sleep disorders are outlined along with their health risks such as increased risk of diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and mood disorders. Finally, it explores nutrition interventions for sleep disorders, noting roles of carbohydrates, protein, and amino acids in influencing neurotransmitters involved in sleep-wake cycles. High glycemic index carbohydrates before bed may improve sleep onset while daytime carbohydrates should be avoided in hypersomnias to reduce sleepiness.
This document provides information about sleep disorders and sleep hygiene. It defines sleep and describes the stages of sleep including NREM, REM sleep, and the progression through stages 1-3. It discusses factors that affect sleep, consequences of poor sleep, and categories of sleep disorders like insomnia. Assessment of insomnia and interventions like CBT and medications are outlined. General sleep recommendations are provided regarding sleep schedules, environment, and habits. Sleep hygiene tips conclude the document.
Sleep disorders are medical conditions that involve changes in sleep patterns that can cause issues like excessive daytime sleepiness. They are classified according to causes like physical, medical, psychiatric, or environmental factors and are also classified as dyssomnias or parasomnias according to the DSM. Common types include insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, sleep terrors, nightmares, sleepwalking, and restless leg syndrome. Symptoms vary but can include issues with falling or staying asleep, irregular breathing during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, inability to move upon waking, and abnormal leg movements during sleep.
This document discusses sleep deprivation and its effects. It defines sleep deprivation as too little sleep, which can be chronic or acute. Long-term sleep deprivation lasting 4+ days can be uncomfortable. Effects include physical and mental impairment, increased risk of depression, heart disease, hypertension, irritability, slower reaction times, slurred speech, tremors, and weight changes. Sleep deprivation can sometimes be fatal. The document also discusses the stages and cycles of sleep, including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and dreaming. Graphs show sleep and nap data collected from a psychology class to calculate average sleep deprivation.
Sleep is essential to our overall health and well-being. It is key to our ability to perform cognitive and physical tasks, engage fully in life, and function productively and safely. The average sleep requirement varies by age, from 16-20 hours for infants to 6-8 hours for adults. There are two main types of sleep disorders - dyssomnias which affect sleep amount, timing or quality, and parasomnias which involve abnormal physical or experiential events during sleep. Sleep disorders can be treated through lifestyle modifications, behavioral therapies, medication, and treating any underlying medical conditions. Maintaining good sleep hygiene is important for promoting healthy sleep.
The document discusses fatigue experienced by seafarers working irregular schedules. It covers three main points: 1) Causes of fatigue include irregular work schedules, environmental factors, and personal health issues which disrupt circadian rhythms and reduce sleep quality and quantity. 2) Fatigue impairs cognitive abilities and increases risk of errors and microsleep. Signs include heavy eyes and slurred speech. 3) Irregular schedules reduce total sleep time, leading to performance declines especially at night, increasing risks of accidents similar to patterns seen in road accidents. Maintaining adequate, regular sleep is important to prevent building up a sleep debt and fatigue.
The document discusses sleep disorders and the measurement and stages of sleep. It provides details on:
1) How sleep is measured using EEG, EOG, and EMG electrodes to record brain waves, eye movements, and muscle activity.
2) The stages of sleep including NREM stages 1-4 and REM sleep, characterized by different brain wave patterns.
3) Common sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, circadian rhythm disorders and parasomnias. Treatment options are also outlined.
Sleep is a necessary state of rest that allows the body and brain to regenerate energy and rebuild physical and mental states. There are different stages of sleep including light sleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep. Lack of quality sleep can negatively impact mood, cognitive performance, health, and accident risk due to fatigue. Chronic sleep loss is associated with serious health issues like heart disease, obesity, and even increased risk of death.
Sleeping disorders - impact on health & nutrition interventionsSupta Sarkar
This document summarizes research on the impacts of sleep disorders on health and potential nutrition interventions. It begins with an introduction to sleep regulation and the brain and circadian rhythms. It then discusses measuring sleep and the different stages and types of sleep. Several common sleep disorders are outlined along with their health risks such as increased risk of diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and mood disorders. Finally, it explores nutrition interventions for sleep disorders, noting roles of carbohydrates, protein, and amino acids in influencing neurotransmitters involved in sleep-wake cycles. High glycemic index carbohydrates before bed may improve sleep onset while daytime carbohydrates should be avoided in hypersomnias to reduce sleepiness.
This document provides information about sleep disorders and sleep hygiene. It defines sleep and describes the stages of sleep including NREM, REM sleep, and the progression through stages 1-3. It discusses factors that affect sleep, consequences of poor sleep, and categories of sleep disorders like insomnia. Assessment of insomnia and interventions like CBT and medications are outlined. General sleep recommendations are provided regarding sleep schedules, environment, and habits. Sleep hygiene tips conclude the document.
Sleep disorders are medical conditions that involve changes in sleep patterns that can cause issues like excessive daytime sleepiness. They are classified according to causes like physical, medical, psychiatric, or environmental factors and are also classified as dyssomnias or parasomnias according to the DSM. Common types include insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, sleep terrors, nightmares, sleepwalking, and restless leg syndrome. Symptoms vary but can include issues with falling or staying asleep, irregular breathing during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, inability to move upon waking, and abnormal leg movements during sleep.
This document discusses sleep deprivation and its effects. It defines sleep deprivation as too little sleep, which can be chronic or acute. Long-term sleep deprivation lasting 4+ days can be uncomfortable. Effects include physical and mental impairment, increased risk of depression, heart disease, hypertension, irritability, slower reaction times, slurred speech, tremors, and weight changes. Sleep deprivation can sometimes be fatal. The document also discusses the stages and cycles of sleep, including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and dreaming. Graphs show sleep and nap data collected from a psychology class to calculate average sleep deprivation.
Sleep is essential to our overall health and well-being. It is key to our ability to perform cognitive and physical tasks, engage fully in life, and function productively and safely. The average sleep requirement varies by age, from 16-20 hours for infants to 6-8 hours for adults. There are two main types of sleep disorders - dyssomnias which affect sleep amount, timing or quality, and parasomnias which involve abnormal physical or experiential events during sleep. Sleep disorders can be treated through lifestyle modifications, behavioral therapies, medication, and treating any underlying medical conditions. Maintaining good sleep hygiene is important for promoting healthy sleep.
The document discusses fatigue experienced by seafarers working irregular schedules. It covers three main points: 1) Causes of fatigue include irregular work schedules, environmental factors, and personal health issues which disrupt circadian rhythms and reduce sleep quality and quantity. 2) Fatigue impairs cognitive abilities and increases risk of errors and microsleep. Signs include heavy eyes and slurred speech. 3) Irregular schedules reduce total sleep time, leading to performance declines especially at night, increasing risks of accidents similar to patterns seen in road accidents. Maintaining adequate, regular sleep is important to prevent building up a sleep debt and fatigue.
The document discusses sleep disorders and the measurement and stages of sleep. It provides details on:
1) How sleep is measured using EEG, EOG, and EMG electrodes to record brain waves, eye movements, and muscle activity.
2) The stages of sleep including NREM stages 1-4 and REM sleep, characterized by different brain wave patterns.
3) Common sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, circadian rhythm disorders and parasomnias. Treatment options are also outlined.
The outcome of this course is for the learner to describe the normal stages of sleep, common sleep measurement tools sleep characteristic, common sleep disorders, the changes that affect the quality and quantity of sleep as an individual ages, and methods the healthcare provider can use to assess and assist clients with sleep disorders.
The document discusses the importance of sleep for physical wellness. It notes that sleep allows the body to eliminate toxins, break down nutrients, and improve the immune system. Sufficient sleep also helps decrease physical pains. The amount of sleep needed varies by age, but adults generally need 7-8 hours per night. Getting quality sleep provides benefits like feeling refreshed and repairing the immune system. The document provides tips for developing good sleep habits and winding down before bed.
Sleep is a natural behavior that is divided into stages and is important for physical and mental health. Lack of sufficient sleep, known as sleep deprivation, can be caused by factors like medication, lifestyle, caffeine, and stress. Effects of sleep deprivation include increased risk of health issues like heart disease and diabetes, as well as mental impacts such as impaired memory, mood changes, and reduced cognitive performance. To avoid sleep deprivation, one should exercise regularly, take naps, maintain a consistent sleep schedule, and reduce caffeine and alcohol intake close to bedtime.
This document discusses sleep patterns and sleep disorders. It begins by defining sleep and describing the physiology and stages of the sleep-wake cycle, which is regulated by circadian rhythms. It then discusses factors that can influence sleep such as age, medical/psychiatric conditions, lifestyle, and environment. Common sleep disorders are classified and symptoms of sleep deprivation and sleep pattern disturbances are outlined. Treatment approaches include behavioral changes, medication, and somatic therapies. Nursing measures to promote sleep in hospital settings are also mentioned.
This document discusses sleep patterns and disturbances. It defines sleep as a state of decreased awareness and responsiveness characterized by changes in physiology and brain activity. Nearly a third of people experience some form of sleep disturbance. There are various stages of non-REM and REM sleep characterized by different brain wave patterns and levels of arousal. Many factors can influence sleep including medical, lifestyle and environmental factors. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy and parasomnias. Diagnosis involves tools like polysomnography and treatment aims to address the underlying causes.
This document provides information about sleep, including what sleep is, the sleep cycle, types of normal and abnormal sleep, and tips for improving sleep. Key points include:
- Sleep is a condition where the body and mind rest that typically occurs at night for 7-9 hours. It is essential for survival.
- The sleep cycle progresses through NREM and REM sleep stages roughly every 90 minutes over 4-5 cycles per night.
- Normal sleep means falling asleep within 20 minutes, sleeping 7-9 hours continuously, and waking feeling refreshed.
- Tips for better sleep include avoiding screens before bed, using yellow light, sticking to a schedule, and being in a dark, cool room.
This document discusses sleep, sleep disturbances, and factors that affect sleep. It covers the importance of sleep, circadian rhythms, sleep stages and cycles, functions of sleep, common sleep disorders, and how factors like lifestyle, medications, and medical conditions can impact sleep. Globally, around 150 million adults suffer from sleep disorders with insomnia being the most common. Sleep requirements vary by age, from 15-18 hours per day for newborns to 7-8 hours for adults. Proper sleep is essential for restoration of physiological and cognitive functions.
This document discusses common sleep problems and disorders. It describes insomnia as the most common sleep disorder, characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. Other major sleep disorders covered include sleep apnea, where breathing temporarily stops during sleep; restless leg syndrome, which causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs; and narcolepsy, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks. The document provides symptoms and treatment options for these common sleep disorders.
This document provides information about sleep, rest, and sleep disorders. It defines rest and sleep, compares the characteristics of sleep and rest, and discusses the stages of sleep including non-REM and REM sleep. It describes factors that affect sleep such as age, illness, environment, lifestyle, and medications. Common sleep disorders are also outlined, including insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea. Treatment options for insomnia focus on developing healthy sleep behaviors.
Rest involves periods of inactivity to relax the body and mind, while sleep shuts down the body to repair itself. Getting enough good quality rest and sleep is important for stress reduction and health. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy, which can be diagnosed and treated at a sleep clinic using monitoring devices during sleep tests. Maintaining good sleep hygiene with regular sleep schedules, exercise, and limiting caffeine can also help promote better sleep.
Sleeping is one of the most important functions in life and it plays a vital role in keeping our body and mind healthy.Deficiency of sleeping disorders can lead to health illness, accidents, lack of job performance, and stress effects on relationships.
There are two main types of sleep: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. NREM sleep makes up 75-80% of total sleep and occurs in four stages that progressively slow vital signs and make arousal more difficult. REM sleep recurs every 90 minutes and is when dreams occur alongside low muscle tone and irregular heart and breathing rates. Most people experience 4-6 sleep cycles per night alternating between NREM and REM sleep stages. Factors like age, illness, environment, lifestyle, stress, diet, medications and fatigue can influence a person's sleep and rest patterns.
A sleep disorder is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning.
The document discusses sleep and rest, defining rest as a decreased state of activity without stress or anxiety, while sleep involves altered consciousness, inactivity, and reduced environmental perception. It describes the physiology of sleep, including brain centers that control circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle. The stages of non-REM and REM sleep are outlined based on EEG patterns, eye movements, and muscle activity. Factors affecting sleep quality and quantity are identified, along with common sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and insufficient sleep.
The document discusses rest, sleep, and factors that affect sleep. It defines rest and sleep, and describes the functions of sleep including restoring the body and aiding in memory and learning. It then covers sleep regulation, stages of the sleep cycle, diagnostic sleep tests, factors affecting sleep, sleep requirements across life stages, common sleep disorders, and treatments for sleep disorders.
This document provides an overview of sleep disorders and sleep measurement tools. It describes the normal stages of sleep including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Common sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias are discussed. Tools for measuring sleep such as electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and electromyography (EMG) are also summarized.
This document defines rest and sleep, describes the physiology and stages of sleep, and discusses factors affecting sleep and common sleep disorders. Sleep is defined as a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and inactivity. There are two types of sleep - non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. NREM sleep consists of 4 stages that progress from light to deep sleep. REM sleep is characterized by increased brain activity and vital signs but decreased muscle activity. Factors like environment, lifestyle, and drugs can impact sleep quality and disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, and nightmares are also discussed. Nursing measures to promote sleep are provided.
This document summarizes several primary sleep disorders, including dyssomnias and parasomnias. It provides detailed information on primary insomnia, primary hypersomnia, narcolepsy, and breathing-related sleep disorders. Key details include diagnostic criteria, associated features, prevalence, course, and specific characteristics of each disorder. Specific pages cover topics like insomnia symptoms, hypersomnia symptoms, narcolepsy symptoms including cataplexy, and the three forms of breathing-related sleep disorders.
This document provides an overview of sleep and sleep disorders. It defines sleep and describes the four stages of the sleep cycle: NREM Stages 1-3 and REM Stage. Common sleep disorders like sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy, sleepwalking and sleep terrors are explained, including causes, symptoms and ways to prevent each. Finally, tips are provided for falling asleep fast, such as setting the right temperature, avoiding electronics before bed, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule.
This document provides an overview of sleep, sleep disturbances, and sleep disorders. It discusses the physiology and stages of normal sleep, including non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It describes factors that affect sleep such as circadian rhythms, lifestyle, environment, and medications. Common sleep disorders are explained, including insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias. Diagnostic tests and treatments for sleep disturbances are also summarized.
This document discusses normal sleep patterns and stages of sleep. It describes the stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It then discusses factors that can affect sleep stages and cycles, including sleep disorders, sleep deprivation, stress, and environment. The document also summarizes sleep patterns in infants, adults, and elderly persons. Finally, it discusses non-organic sleep disorders like insomnia, and treatments for insomnia including sleep hygiene, behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, sleep restriction, stimulus control, and medications.
The outcome of this course is for the learner to describe the normal stages of sleep, common sleep measurement tools sleep characteristic, common sleep disorders, the changes that affect the quality and quantity of sleep as an individual ages, and methods the healthcare provider can use to assess and assist clients with sleep disorders.
The document discusses the importance of sleep for physical wellness. It notes that sleep allows the body to eliminate toxins, break down nutrients, and improve the immune system. Sufficient sleep also helps decrease physical pains. The amount of sleep needed varies by age, but adults generally need 7-8 hours per night. Getting quality sleep provides benefits like feeling refreshed and repairing the immune system. The document provides tips for developing good sleep habits and winding down before bed.
Sleep is a natural behavior that is divided into stages and is important for physical and mental health. Lack of sufficient sleep, known as sleep deprivation, can be caused by factors like medication, lifestyle, caffeine, and stress. Effects of sleep deprivation include increased risk of health issues like heart disease and diabetes, as well as mental impacts such as impaired memory, mood changes, and reduced cognitive performance. To avoid sleep deprivation, one should exercise regularly, take naps, maintain a consistent sleep schedule, and reduce caffeine and alcohol intake close to bedtime.
This document discusses sleep patterns and sleep disorders. It begins by defining sleep and describing the physiology and stages of the sleep-wake cycle, which is regulated by circadian rhythms. It then discusses factors that can influence sleep such as age, medical/psychiatric conditions, lifestyle, and environment. Common sleep disorders are classified and symptoms of sleep deprivation and sleep pattern disturbances are outlined. Treatment approaches include behavioral changes, medication, and somatic therapies. Nursing measures to promote sleep in hospital settings are also mentioned.
This document discusses sleep patterns and disturbances. It defines sleep as a state of decreased awareness and responsiveness characterized by changes in physiology and brain activity. Nearly a third of people experience some form of sleep disturbance. There are various stages of non-REM and REM sleep characterized by different brain wave patterns and levels of arousal. Many factors can influence sleep including medical, lifestyle and environmental factors. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy and parasomnias. Diagnosis involves tools like polysomnography and treatment aims to address the underlying causes.
This document provides information about sleep, including what sleep is, the sleep cycle, types of normal and abnormal sleep, and tips for improving sleep. Key points include:
- Sleep is a condition where the body and mind rest that typically occurs at night for 7-9 hours. It is essential for survival.
- The sleep cycle progresses through NREM and REM sleep stages roughly every 90 minutes over 4-5 cycles per night.
- Normal sleep means falling asleep within 20 minutes, sleeping 7-9 hours continuously, and waking feeling refreshed.
- Tips for better sleep include avoiding screens before bed, using yellow light, sticking to a schedule, and being in a dark, cool room.
This document discusses sleep, sleep disturbances, and factors that affect sleep. It covers the importance of sleep, circadian rhythms, sleep stages and cycles, functions of sleep, common sleep disorders, and how factors like lifestyle, medications, and medical conditions can impact sleep. Globally, around 150 million adults suffer from sleep disorders with insomnia being the most common. Sleep requirements vary by age, from 15-18 hours per day for newborns to 7-8 hours for adults. Proper sleep is essential for restoration of physiological and cognitive functions.
This document discusses common sleep problems and disorders. It describes insomnia as the most common sleep disorder, characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. Other major sleep disorders covered include sleep apnea, where breathing temporarily stops during sleep; restless leg syndrome, which causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs; and narcolepsy, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks. The document provides symptoms and treatment options for these common sleep disorders.
This document provides information about sleep, rest, and sleep disorders. It defines rest and sleep, compares the characteristics of sleep and rest, and discusses the stages of sleep including non-REM and REM sleep. It describes factors that affect sleep such as age, illness, environment, lifestyle, and medications. Common sleep disorders are also outlined, including insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea. Treatment options for insomnia focus on developing healthy sleep behaviors.
Rest involves periods of inactivity to relax the body and mind, while sleep shuts down the body to repair itself. Getting enough good quality rest and sleep is important for stress reduction and health. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy, which can be diagnosed and treated at a sleep clinic using monitoring devices during sleep tests. Maintaining good sleep hygiene with regular sleep schedules, exercise, and limiting caffeine can also help promote better sleep.
Sleeping is one of the most important functions in life and it plays a vital role in keeping our body and mind healthy.Deficiency of sleeping disorders can lead to health illness, accidents, lack of job performance, and stress effects on relationships.
There are two main types of sleep: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. NREM sleep makes up 75-80% of total sleep and occurs in four stages that progressively slow vital signs and make arousal more difficult. REM sleep recurs every 90 minutes and is when dreams occur alongside low muscle tone and irregular heart and breathing rates. Most people experience 4-6 sleep cycles per night alternating between NREM and REM sleep stages. Factors like age, illness, environment, lifestyle, stress, diet, medications and fatigue can influence a person's sleep and rest patterns.
A sleep disorder is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning.
The document discusses sleep and rest, defining rest as a decreased state of activity without stress or anxiety, while sleep involves altered consciousness, inactivity, and reduced environmental perception. It describes the physiology of sleep, including brain centers that control circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle. The stages of non-REM and REM sleep are outlined based on EEG patterns, eye movements, and muscle activity. Factors affecting sleep quality and quantity are identified, along with common sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and insufficient sleep.
The document discusses rest, sleep, and factors that affect sleep. It defines rest and sleep, and describes the functions of sleep including restoring the body and aiding in memory and learning. It then covers sleep regulation, stages of the sleep cycle, diagnostic sleep tests, factors affecting sleep, sleep requirements across life stages, common sleep disorders, and treatments for sleep disorders.
This document provides an overview of sleep disorders and sleep measurement tools. It describes the normal stages of sleep including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Common sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias are discussed. Tools for measuring sleep such as electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and electromyography (EMG) are also summarized.
This document defines rest and sleep, describes the physiology and stages of sleep, and discusses factors affecting sleep and common sleep disorders. Sleep is defined as a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and inactivity. There are two types of sleep - non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. NREM sleep consists of 4 stages that progress from light to deep sleep. REM sleep is characterized by increased brain activity and vital signs but decreased muscle activity. Factors like environment, lifestyle, and drugs can impact sleep quality and disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, and nightmares are also discussed. Nursing measures to promote sleep are provided.
This document summarizes several primary sleep disorders, including dyssomnias and parasomnias. It provides detailed information on primary insomnia, primary hypersomnia, narcolepsy, and breathing-related sleep disorders. Key details include diagnostic criteria, associated features, prevalence, course, and specific characteristics of each disorder. Specific pages cover topics like insomnia symptoms, hypersomnia symptoms, narcolepsy symptoms including cataplexy, and the three forms of breathing-related sleep disorders.
This document provides an overview of sleep and sleep disorders. It defines sleep and describes the four stages of the sleep cycle: NREM Stages 1-3 and REM Stage. Common sleep disorders like sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy, sleepwalking and sleep terrors are explained, including causes, symptoms and ways to prevent each. Finally, tips are provided for falling asleep fast, such as setting the right temperature, avoiding electronics before bed, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule.
This document provides an overview of sleep, sleep disturbances, and sleep disorders. It discusses the physiology and stages of normal sleep, including non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It describes factors that affect sleep such as circadian rhythms, lifestyle, environment, and medications. Common sleep disorders are explained, including insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias. Diagnostic tests and treatments for sleep disturbances are also summarized.
This document discusses normal sleep patterns and stages of sleep. It describes the stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. It then discusses factors that can affect sleep stages and cycles, including sleep disorders, sleep deprivation, stress, and environment. The document also summarizes sleep patterns in infants, adults, and elderly persons. Finally, it discusses non-organic sleep disorders like insomnia, and treatments for insomnia including sleep hygiene, behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, sleep restriction, stimulus control, and medications.
The document discusses potential side effects of several common sleep medications, including NyQuil, Sonata, Lunesta, Ambien, Rozerem, and Doxylamine. It notes that sleep medications can cause drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, nausea, dry mouth and other issues. More serious potential side effects include hallucinations, confusion, falls, dependence and withdrawal symptoms. The document warns that overdosing on acetaminophen (found in some medications) can cause liver damage or failure. It emphasizes the importance of only taking sleep medications as prescribed and contacting a doctor immediately if any severe side effects occur.
Sleep and rest, BSC NURSING FIRST YEAR NURSING FOUNDATION , UNIT X , MEETING NEEDS OF PATIENT , PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP, SLEEP DISORDERS, FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP, PROMOTING SLEEP AND STAGES OF SLEEP.
The document provides information on sleep patterns and disturbances. It defines sleep and describes the physiology of sleep including the reticulating activating system and sleep stages. It discusses non-REM and REM sleep in detail. It also covers sleep requirements and patterns across the lifespan as well as common sleep disorders like insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and sleep deprivation. Finally, it briefly mentions parasomnias.
This document discusses sleep disorders and provides information on various types of sleep disorders including dyssomnias, parasomnias, and disorders of sleep-wake schedules. It describes insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, Kleine-Levin syndrome and other sleep disorders. It also discusses assessments and treatments for sleep disorders as well as nursing diagnoses and interventions to promote restful sleep.
The document discusses sleep, insomnia, and their treatment. It defines insomnia as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Insomnia can be transient, acute, or chronic. Common causes include medical, psychiatric, substance-related, and circadian issues. Treatment involves addressing underlying causes, improving sleep hygiene, cognitive-behavioral therapy including stimulus control and sleep restriction, and may include pharmacotherapy with hypnotics as a short-term option. Multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy is most effective for insomnia.
Sleep is essential for normal functioning and survival. It helps the body and brain restore and repair. There are different sleep stages that provide different benefits. Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night, though individual needs vary. Lack of sufficient sleep can seriously impair performance and health, increasing risks of accidents, illness, and mental health issues.
This document discusses sleep, sleep disorders, and insomnia. It provides information on sleep stages including non-REM sleep stages I-IV and REM sleep. It discusses common sleep disorders like insomnia and covers insomnia causes, assessments, and treatment options. Treatment includes cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, sleep restriction, stimulus control therapy, and in some cases, prescription hypnotics on a short-term basis.
This PPT aims to give Knowledge and Understanding about Sleep Talking, Types of Sleep Disorder, Stages of Sleep, Factor of Effecting Sleep Talking, Causes of Sleep Talking, Risk and Concern Associated with Sleep Talking, Diagnosis of Sleep Talking, Treatment of Sleep Talking.
This document provides an overview of various sleep disorders including:
1. Dyssomnias are primary sleep disorders involving changes in sleep amount, quality or timing including insomnia, hypersomnia, and narcolepsy.
2. Parasomnias are disorders where sleep physiology or behaviors are affected, such as nightmares.
3. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders result from a mismatch between sleep-wake patterns and environmental demands like jet lag or shift work.
4. Breathing-related sleep disorders interrupt sleep through breathing problems like sleep apnea.
This document discusses the importance of sleep for health. It describes the five stages of sleep, including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. Insufficient sleep can increase risks for various diseases like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease due to changes in hormones like ghrelin and leptin. Getting 7-9 hours of sleep per night is recommended to maintain good health and reduce risks.
Sleep is a state of sustained immobility, reduced responsiveness, and characteristic posture that allows the body to rest and repair itself. It is essential for humans and most animals. Lack of sufficient sleep can impair functions like alertness, learning, mood, energy levels, and coordination. Brain waves change during sleep cycles from beta/alpha when awake to theta/delta when asleep. Sleep consists of REM and non-REM sleep, with dreaming occurring in REM sleep. Establishing good sleep habits and avoiding stimulants before bed can help improve sleep quality and duration.
This document defines sleep and rest, compares their characteristics, and discusses sleep patterns and disorders. It outlines two types of sleep - NREM and REM sleep - and explains their stages and functions. Factors affecting sleep and common sleep disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea are identified. Nursing interventions to promote sleep through environmental changes, relaxation techniques, and medication administration if needed are also discussed.
This document summarizes various sleep disorders and the normal sleep cycle. It discusses why sleep is needed, the stages of sleep including REM and NREM sleep, common sleep disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea, and factors that can influence sleep such as medical, psychiatric and environmental conditions. Treatment options are provided for various sleep disorders including lifestyle changes, medications, and therapies.
1) Sleep occurs in cycles with non-REM and REM periods. During non-REM sleep our muscles relax through four stages, while REM sleep involves dreaming and eye movement but paralysis of muscles.
2) Lack of sleep has serious cognitive and physical effects like decreased concentration, impaired memory, and increased stress and blood pressure.
3) While the exact sleep needs vary, adults generally require 7-9 hours of sleep per night, with animals' sleep ranging from 1.9 hours for giraffes to 18 hours for pythons.
The document discusses sleep stages and cycles, importance of sleep for teenagers, and risks of sleep medication overdose for teens. It begins with definitions of sleep stages from 1 to 4, then REM sleep. It notes sleep cycles through these stages 4-5 times per night, with REM sleep lasting up to an hour. The document emphasizes importance of sleep for teen brain development and learning. It lists risks of medication overdose or addiction for teens and side effects of common sleep medications.
This document provides an overview of concepts related to sleep including definitions of sleep and rest, the two types of sleep (NREM and REM), sleep cycles and stages, factors that affect sleep, functions of sleep, and common sleep disorders. It also discusses nursing assessments of sleep and potential nursing diagnoses and interventions to promote healthy sleep.
Here you'll find about multiple sclerosis. multiple sclerosis types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and its treatment. I hope It will increase your knowledge about multiple sclerosis. And can also helpful for preparing your lesson.
Book and their author's name for Job test preparationsMafia Rashid
Here I'm going to present to you about important books and their author name. If you have applied for any government job, Like PPSC, NTS, FPSC, PTS, OTS or any other, then this video is for you.
Very important for those who are preparing for government test for any post any field.
Introduction about Fibromyalgia
Symptoms of Fibromyalgia
Causes of Fibromyalgia
Treatment for Fibromyalgia
Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia
Prevalence of Fibromyalgia
Food for Fibromyalgia patient
How fatigue affects your psychological wellbeing
Breast cancer awareness - Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment and PreventionMafia Rashid
This document provides information about breast cancer awareness and prevention. It notes that breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women worldwide. In Pakistan, there is a high rate of breast cancer due to lack of awareness, with approximately 90,000 new cases diagnosed annually. The document lists symptoms of breast cancer like lumps, nipple changes, and breast shape changes. It provides steps for breast self-examination and lists risk factors, treatment options, and prevention methods like diet, exercise and annual mammograms. Available mammography services in Pakistan are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of coronary heart disease (CHD). It defines CHD as a disease involving the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood. The main types of CHD discussed are arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. Risk factors for CHD include smoking, diet, high blood pressure, stress, and physical inactivity. Diagnosis of CHD involves tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, and angiograms. The document emphasizes prevention through a healthy lifestyle with a good diet, exercise, not smoking, and controlling conditions like high blood pressure.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
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2. INTRODUCION TO SLEEP DISORDERS (KUSHIDA,
2009)
Sleep disorders can affect the quality and quantity of
sleep or can cause difficulty maintaining normal
wakefulness
Both of which can cause impaired daytime functioning
and a host of medical, psychiatric and psychosocial
problems. There are more than 80 different types of sleep
disorders that afflict about 70 million Americans.
3. FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP (MORIN & ESPIE, 2012)
What is Microsleep? (3-15 sec)
Sleep restores our body tissues and facilitates body
growth
Sleep increases our immunity to disease
Sleep keeps our mind alert
Sleep helps us to process memories
Sleep enhances our mood
4. HOW MUCH SLEEP DO WE NEED?
Age
Baby (16-18 hours)
Preschoolers (10-12)
Teenagers & young adults (8-10)
33-45 years (6-8)
50-70 years (4-6)
Life style
Genetics
5. CIRCADIAN RHYTHUM(CHOKROVERTY, 2010)
Circadian Rhythum: Changes in bodily
processes that occur repeatedly on approximately
a 25-hour cycle
Suprachiasmatic nucleus SCN : A group of
brain cells in hypothalamus that signal other brain
areas when to be aroused and when to shut down.
Melatonin: hormone in the body that facilitate
the sleep
6. CONTI….
Our biological clock that is genetically programmed to
regulate physiological responses within a 24 – 25 hour
period.
They operate without normal night and day cues
The circadian rhythm does not control our sleep cycle;
the environment and the 24 hour period does. (i.e.. Jet
lag)
7. STAGES OF SLEEP (AMBROGETTI HENSLEY & OLSON,
2006)
About every 90 or 100 minutes we pass through 5
stages of sleep.
Throughout the five stages, our brain waves
continually fluctuate, thus defining each
distinctive stage.
8.
9. LIGHT SLEEP- STAGE 1(WALKER & STICKGOLD,
2005)
Body movement decreases
Spontaneous Waking may occur (when you feel
like you are falling out of bed)
10. INTERMEDIATE SLEPP-STAGE 2
Officially asleep
Your brain waves slow down with some bursts of
brain activity called ‘Sleep Spindles’
half of your sleep in this stage.
Helps refresh body
11. DEEP SLEEP-3 & 4 STAGE
Deep sleep sets in – hard to wake up
brain waves become large and slow
Your breathing becomes rhythmic, and your muscles
remain relaxed.
Most Restorative stage (reparative hormones released)
30-40 min first and shorter later
Towards the end of stage 4, children may wet beds, adults
may sleep walk, etc…
Interestingly, even though you are in deep sleep, your brain
will still process the meaning of certain stimuli!!
12. RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM)
Nearly an hour after you fall asleep, you begin to descend back
through the stages of sleep.
During sleep you go stages 1,2,3,4,3,2 then…
You then enter what is known as REM Sleep!
REM –This stage only lasts about 10 minutes. (20 – 30 minutes
later in night)
Heart rate rises
Breathing becomes rapid
Every 30 seconds or so, your eyes rapidly move around
13. REM (CONT…)
Motor cortex is still active, but your brainstem blocks any
messages.
This leaves your muscles so relaxed that you are
essentially paralyzed.
Thus, you are not easily awakened.
The cycle repeats itself every 90 minutes or so.
As the night progresses, we spend less and less
time in stage 4 and more in REM.
By the time we wake-up, we have spent 20 – 25%
of the night in REM Sleep.
14.
15. SLEEP DISORDERS
Dyssomnia
(problems with
amount, quality and
timing of sleep)
Parasomnia
(abnormal behaviors
that are associated
with sleep)
Primary
Sleep
disorders
Sleep disorder
related to another
mental disorder
Sleep disorder
related to general
medical condition
Substance induced
sleep disorder
Secondary
Sleep
Disorders
17. INSOMNIA (ESPIE, 2002)
Difficulty falling asleep at night or getting back to
sleep after waking during the night
Waking up frequently during the night
Your sleep feels light, fragmented, or exhausting
You need to take something (sleeping pills, nightcap,
supplements) in order to get to sleep
Sleepiness and low energy during the day
30-40% population suffered from it
Mostly in old age
More prevalent in females
18. INSOMNIA (EXPLANATION)
Excessive level of neurological activity
Reticular activity system carrying too much
activity from the brain stem to cortex
19. INSOMNIA (TREATMENT)
Physiological approach/drug therapy
Hypnotics (Greek word means to “put to sleep”)
(benzodiazepines): these increase the activity of
inhibitory neurons, reduces the general arousal and
thus facilitate sleep
Commonly used hypnotics include
1. Halcion (trizolam)
2. Dalamine (flurazepam)
3. Restoril (temazepam)
20. TREATMENT FOR INSOMNIA
Sleep hygiene
Sleep education
Stimulus control
Relaxation
CBT
Exercise and utilizing energy in daily chores
Pharmaceutical
21. DRUG THERAPY
In some cases antidepressants are also used such
as
Elavil (amitriptyline)
Antipsychotics are also used such as
Haldol (haloperidol)
22. COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Sleep education
Cognitive control and psychotherapy
Sleep restriction therapy (SRT)
Stimulus control (SC)
Sleep hygiene
Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)
Deep breathing
Bio-feed back
Sleep diary
23. HYPERSOMNIA (CHOKROVERTY, 2009)
Excessive sleepiness which leads to
1. Long periods of sleep at night
2. Need for nap during day time
3. But these naps not relieve sleepiness
4. Individual drag himself throughout the day
5. Become grouchy and ineffective
Even dangerous when it continuous in different
activities like driving etc.
24. HYPERSOMNIA (EXPLANATION)
Caused by insufficient neurological activity
due to many factors including lesions in
hypothalamus
Treatment
Treat with stimulants like caffeine which
increase alertness
Ritalin (methylphenidate) and various
amphetamines are also used
Sleep restriction
25. HABBITS THAT IMPAIR SLEEP
Day time napping
Too much rest
No activities for day time
Excessive caffeine
Anxiety and anticipations regarding sleep
Excessive exposure to media
Environmental factors such as noisy room
Too active bed patterns, loud music etc
26. NARCOLEPSY
Irresistible sleep attacks
Loss of muscle tone
REM sleep at the start or end of sleep
Temporary refreshing
Insufficient neurological arousal
Stimulants are used
Small naps during day time can help
NARCOLEPSY (EXPLANATION AND
TREATMENT)
27. BREATHING RELATED SLEEP DISORDER
Sleep frequently disrupted because of problems
with breathing
Sleep apneas fall into two categories
28. OBSTRUCTIVE APNEA
Obstruction of airway to the lungs that the
individual is briefly deprived of oxygen due to
following three reasons
1. The muscle that keep the airway open cannot
receive enough stimulation
2. Obesity can lead to narrowing of airway
3. Position of sleeping
4. Surgery to increase the airway size
29. TREATMENT FOR OBSTRUCTIVE APNEA
Behavioral treatment
Avoidance from sedatives
Wt. loss
Sleeping on side or face down
Drug therapy
Antidepressants to suppress REM
Use of mechanical device
30. CENTRALAPNEA
It stems from the problem in brain that causes a
brief interruption in breathing
It occurs more often in older individuals
31. CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDER
Mismatch between the timing of an individual’s
natural sleep-wake cycle and the demands made
on the individual by the circumstances in which
he or she lives.
It can be treated with bright light
41. DELAYED SLEEP PHASE DISORDER
People with delayed sleep phase disorder are unable to get to sleep
earlier than 2 to 6 a.m. no matter how hard they try. They struggle to go
to sleep and get up at socially acceptable times.
When allowed to keep their own hours (such as during a school break or
holiday), they fall into a regular sleep schedule.
Delayed sleep phase disorder is most common in teenagers, and many
teens will eventually grow out of it.
For those who continue to struggle with a biological clock that is out of
sync, treatments such as light therapy and chronotherapy can help. To
learn more, schedule an appointment with a sleep doctor or local sleep
clinic.
42. JET LAG
Jet lag is a temporary disruption in circadian rhythms
that occurs when you travel across time zones.
Symptoms include daytime sleepiness, fatigue,
headache, stomach problems, and insomnia. The
symptoms typically appear within a day or two after
flying across two or more time zones.
The longer the flight, the more pronounced the
symptoms.
The direction of flight also makes a difference.
Flying east tends to cause worse jet lag than flying
west.
43. JET LAG (CONT….)
However, jet lag can be worse if individual:
Lost sleep during travel
Are under a lot of stress
Drink too much alcohol or caffeine
Didn’t move around enough during your flight
44. DSM V CRITERIA
The most obvious concerns are fatigue and
cognitive focus, but mood can be greatly affected
too.
Sleep disorder not only is a risk factor for
subsequent development of certain mental
conditions but a potential warning sign for
serious mental or medical issues.
45. CONT…..
Sleep disorders range from insomnia disorder to
narcolepsy and breathing-related disorders to
restless legs syndrome.
A prime goal of DSM-5 changes to sleep-wake
disorders is to increase the clinical utility of
definitions and diagnostic criteria, especially for
general medical or mental health clinicians, and
to clarify when referral is appropriate to a sleep
specialist.
46. CHANGES FROM DSM IV TR TO DSM V
Sleep-wake disorders instead of sleep disorders.
The diagnosis of primary insomnia has been
renamed insomnia disorder to avoid the
differentiation of primary and secondary
insomnia.
DSM-5 also distinguishes narcolepsy, which is
now known to be associated with hypocretin
deficiency, from other forms of hypersomnolence.
47. IS IT A SLEEP DISORDER?
Do you. . .
Feel irritable or sleepy during the day?
Have difficulty staying awake when sitting still, watching
television or reading?
Fall asleep or feel very tired while driving?
Have difficulty concentrating?
Often get told by others that you look tired?
React slowly?
Have trouble controlling your emotions?
Feel like you have to take a nap almost every day?
Require caffeinated beverages to keep yourself going?
48. CONCLUSION
Bio psycho social model
Successful management in sleep in adults can
improve quality of life and daily functioning
49. REFERENCES
Ambrogetti, A., Hensley, M. J., & Olson, L. G. (Eds.).
(2006). Sleep disorders: A clinical textbook. Quay Books.
Chokroverty, S. (2010). Overview of sleep & sleep disorders.
Espie, C. A. (2002). Insomnia: conceptual issues in the
development, persistence, and treatment of sleep disorder in
adults. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 215-243.
Kushida, C. A. (Ed.). (2009). Handbook of sleep disorders.
Informa Healthcare.
Morin, C. M., & Espie, C. A. (Eds.). (2012). The Oxford handbook
of sleep and sleep disorders. Oxford University Press.
Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R. (2014). Sleep, memory and
plasticity.Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis, 1, 93.