Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, most often developing on skin exposed to the sun. There are three major types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Melanoma is less common but more likely to spread. Risk factors include sun exposure, genetics, and weakened immune systems. Animals can also develop skin cancers and have natural protective mechanisms like changing color. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.

1. Subject : Skin Cancer
presented by Jameel Tannous

2. WHAT IS
CANCER
Cancer is a group of
diseases involving
abnormal cell growth
with the potential to
invade or spread to
other parts of the
body.

3. TYPES OF CANCER

4. Skin cancer — the abnormal growth of skin cells — most often develops
on skin exposed to the sun. But this common form of cancer can also
occur on areas of skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight.
There are three major types of skin cancer :
-basal cell carcinoma
-squamous cell carcinoma
-melanoma
Skin Cancer

7. • Skin cancer is a disease in
which malignant (cancer) cells
form in the tissues of the skin.
• Skin cancer begins in the
epidermis,which is made up of
three kinds of cells:
• Squamous cells: Thin, flat cells
that form the top layer of the
epidermis.
• Basal cells: Round cells under
the squamous cells.
• Melanocytes:Cells that
make melanin and are found in
the lower part of the epidermis.
Melanin is the pigment that gives
skin its natural color. When skin is
exposed to the sun, melanocytes
make more pigment and cause
the skin to darken.

8. Different types of cancer start in the skin.
Skin cancer may form in basal cells or squamous cells.
Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of
skin cancer. They are also called nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Actinic keratosis is a skin condition that sometimesbecomes squamous cell
carcinoma.
Melanoma is less common than basal cell carcinomaor squamous cell carcinoma.
It is more likely to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body.

9. Basal cell carcinomasquamouscell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis

10. -Skin color and being exposed to sunlight can increase the risk of basal
cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
-Being exposed to high UV radiation (natural or artificial).
-Some animals have different skin and fur colors which can increase of
having the risk factor, also the color of the eye which can have less
resistance to UV rays.
-Genetics and endogenous mutations also have a role in developing
such types of disease.
THE CAUSES OF SKIN CANCER

13. OTHER EXCEPTIONAL CAUSES
• despite that the animals with strong
melanin characteristics have more
protection from UV than other more
prone animals, they may develop skin
cancer from other factors such as :
Having certain changes in
the genes or hereditary syndromes,
such as basal cell nevus syndrome, that
are linked to skin cancer.
• Having skin inflammation that has
lasted for long periods of time.
• Having a weakened immune system.
• Being exposed to arsenic (A
poisonous chemical used to kill weeds
and pests. Also used in cancer therapy.)

14. for example ; seek cover
by taking a mud bath or
burrowing in shady areas
when temps rise.
Some animals are even
proving that, when
exposed to full sun, they
have amazing adaptive
mechanisms in order to
protect themselves — like
the ability to gradually
change color.
Hammer head sharks change their color to
darker as protection from UV lights when
they are in shallow waters in white coral
reefs (unfavorable camouflage).
ANIMALS NATURALLY
PROTECT THEMSELVES

15. SKIN CANCER TREATMENT
1) Surgeries
2) Radiation therapy
3) Chemotherapy
4) Photodynamic therapy
5) Immunotherapy
6) Targeted therapy
7) Chemical peel
8) Other drug therapy

16. Resources :
http://www.vetstreet.com/our-pet-experts/skin-cancer-risk-in-animals-new-research-shows-that-even-fish-get-it
https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq
https://sangerinstitute.blog/2019/04/12/six-shocking-animal-cancer-facts/
https://www.skincancer.org/blog/protect-your-pets-from-skin-cancer/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/skin-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377605