A brief overview of the similarities and differences between Bell Lab's PQMI (AT&T) process improvement methodology, and Motorola's Six Sigma.

1. Six Sigma v. PQMI
By Janet Gallo

2. What is Six
Sigma?
A quality improvement initiative developed by
Motorola around 1987, and trademarked in1991.
http://www.pqa.net/ProdServices/sixsigma/W06002
009.html
What is
PQMI?
A process improvement methodology
developed by AT&T around 1989.
http://www.bmpcoe.org/library/books/ex-
se/17534.html

3. How many approaches are there in 6σ?
DMAIC DMADV
A new process needs to be
developed
OR
an existing process does not meet
the level of customer specification or
Six Sigma level
Existing Process Does Not
Meet Customer
Specifications

4. What are the seven steps of
PQMI?
1. Establish Team and Roles/Responsibilities
2. Define Process & Identify Customer Requirements
3. Define & Establish Measures
4. Assess Conformance to Customer Requirements
5. Identify Opportunities
6. Rank Opportunities and Set Objectives
7. Improve Process Quality
What are the steps of 6σ?
1. Define
2. Measure
3. Analyze
4. Improve
5. Control

5. PQMI
1. Establish Team and Roles/Responsibilities
2. Define Process & Identify Customer Requirements
3. Define & Establish Measures
4. Assess Conformance to Customer Requirements
5. Identify Opportunities
6. Rank Opportunities and Set Objectives
7. Improve Process Quality
6σ
1. Define
(PQMI No. 2)
2. Measure
(PQMI No. 2, 3, 4)
3. Analyze
(PQMI No. 3, 4, 5)
4. Improve
(PQMI No. 4, 5, 6)
5. Control
(PQMI No. 4, 5, 6, 7)
How the Steps Match

6. Roles & Responsibilities

7. What are the roles in 6σ?
• Deployment Champions
• Master Black Belts
• Sponsors
• Black Belts
• Green Belts
• Yellow Belts
• Process Owners

8. What are the roles in PQMI?
• Deployment Champions
• Master Black Belts
• Sponsors
• Black Belts
• Green Belts
• Yellow Belts
• Process Owners
• Process Management
Team
• Process Owners
• Facilitators (Coaches)
• Sponsor

9. 5 Whys
Statistical and fitting tools
Analysis of variance
General linear model
ANOVA Gauge R&R
Regression analysis
Correlation
Scatter diagram
Chi-squared test
Axiomatic design
Business Process
Mapping/Check sheet
Cause & effects diagram
(also known as fishbone
or Ishikawa diagram)
Control chart/Control plan
(also known as a swim lane
map)/Run charts
Cost-benefit analysis
CTQ tree
Design of experiments/Stratification
Histograms/Pareto analysis/Pareto chart
Pick chart/Process capability/Rolled
throughput yield
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Quantitative marketing research through use
of Enterprise Feedback Management (EFM)
systems
Root cause analysis
SIPOC analysis
(Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Custom
ers)
COPIS analysis (Customer centric
version/perspective of SIPOC)
Taguchi methods/Taguchi Loss Function
Value stream mapping
6 Sigma
Tools

10. The End