1. The document summarizes the food and nutrition situation in the Sahel and West Africa based on an analysis of data from 16 countries in the region. 2. It finds that over 33 million people are currently in crisis or emergency phases of food insecurity, with that number projected to increase to over 40% by the next lean season. 3. The primary drivers of food insecurity are ongoing insecurity and conflict in the Lake Chad Basin and Liptako Gourma region, as well as drought conditions, high food prices, and the impacts of COVID-19.

1. RPCA, 6th December 2021
Acute Food and Nutrition
Insecurity situation
in the Sahel and West Africa
by BAOUA, Issoufou, CRA/CILSS
37ème RÉUNION ANNUELLE

2. FOOD AND NUTRITION SITUATION IN THE
SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA AND CAMEROON
October – December 2021 & June – August 2022

3. Plan
1. PROCESS
2. OVERVIEW ON EXISTING DATA
3. OUTCOMES ON THE ZONES CLASSIFICATION
4. POPULATION ESTIMATION PER PHASE
5. DIFFICULTIES
6. RECOMMENDATIONS

4. Analysis Process
Coaching and Facilitation Team
Pays CILSS FAO PAM FEWS NET GSU/IPC FCICR ACF Oxfam SCI JRC/UE WHO
Burkina Faso
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Chad
Cameroon
Mauritania
Sierra Leone
Cote d'Ivoire
The Gambia
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Togo
Ghana
Benin
Quality review and consolidation
968analysts
mobilized in the
16 countries,
20% are
women

5. CURRENT DATA AVAILABILITY
Food and Nutrition Security Outcomes Contributing Factors
Pays FCS HDDS HHS rCSI HEA Proxy LC MAG-P/T
MAG-
MUAC
BMI CDR U5MR
Hazard/ &
vulnerability
Food
availability
Access to
Food
Utilization Stability
Burkina Faso
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Chad
Cameroon
Mauritania
Sierra Leone
Cote d'Ivoire
The Gambia
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Togo
Ghana
Benin
Data available
Data not available

6. Pays
October - December 2021 June-August 2022
Areas classified for each phase Areas classified for each phase
# Areas Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 # Areas Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5
Benin 15 15 - - - - 15 12 3 - - -
Burkina Faso 45 27 10 8 - - 45 12 19 11 3 -
Côte d'Ivoire 23 14 9 - - - 23 8 15 - - -
Gambie 8 1 6 1 - - 8 - 5 3 - -
Ghana 60 22 34 4 - - 60 51 9 - - -
Guinée 33 18 15 - - - 33 8 25 - - -
Guinée Bissau 8 4 4 - - - 8 6 2 - - -
Mali 56 38 12 6 - - 56 27 17 12 - -
Mauritanie 48 6 37 5 - - 48 3 12 33 - -
Niger 76 14 42 20 - - 76 1 39 36 - -
Nigeria 455 246 195 14 - - 455 102 284 67 2 -
Senegal 45 33 12 - - - 45 17 25 3 - -
Sierra Leone 16 - 16 - - - 16 - 13 3 - -
Tchad 69 22 41 6 - - 69 36 12 21 - -
Togo 5 2 3 - - - 5 1 4 - - -
Total SAO 962 462 436 64 - - 962 284 484 189 5 -
AREAS CLASSIFICATION
More than 60 000 data
collected and
analyzed across the
15 analyzed countries

7. Non analysée Minimale Sous pression Crise Urgence Famine Lac Tchad
October – December 2021
Area under Crisis and
worst situation :
• Lac Chad Basin:
Diffa in Niger,
Adamawa, Borno
and Yobe States and
Centre of Nigeria
• Liptako Gourma
Zone: Burkina Faso,
Mali and Niger
• Mauritania
• Ghana

8. Non analysée Minimale Sous pression Crise Urgence Famine Lac Tchad
June – August 2022 Area under Crisis and
worst situation :
• Lac Chad Basin:
Diffa in Niger,
Adamawa, Borno
and Yobe States and
Centre of Nigeria
• Liptako Gourma
Zone: Burkina Faso,
Mali and Niger
• Mauritania
• The Gambia
• Senegal
• Sierra Leone

9. Proportion of population per phase of acute FNI
318,8
Millions
Minimal
Under-presure
Crisis
Emergency
Catastrophe
June – August 2022
October – December 2021
65 M in
Stress
82,5 M
in Stress
23,7 M
in Crisis
to worst
33,4 M
in Crisis
to worst

10. Population per phase of CH acute FNI in 1000 of people
Pays June-August 2022
Benin 17
Guinea Bissau 41
The Gambia 207
Ghana 276
Togo 482
Mauritanie 661
Guinea 739
Senegal 770
Cote d'Ivoire 867
Sierra Leone 1 453
Tchad 1 737
Mali 1 841
Burkina Faso 2 633
Niger 3 638
Nigeria 18 031
Pays Oct-Dec 2021
Benin 6
Guinea Bissau 58
The Gambia 112
Senegal 304
Mauritanie 348
Togo 411
Ghana 564
Guinea 564
Cote d'Ivoire 945
Chad 963
Sierra Leone 1 071
Mali 1 162
Burkina Faso 1 646
Niger 2 578
Nigeria 12 937

11. 3 M in Crisis
to worst
5,8 M in
Crisis to
worst
4,5 M in
Crisis to
worst
4 M in Crisis
to worst
26,8 Millions
People analyzed in the
Liptako Gourma area
(Three borders)
24,1
Millions
Populations
analyzed in the
Lake Chad
Basin area
Focus on the inaccessible areas
October – December 2021
June – August
2022
Non analysée Minimale Sous pression Crise Urgence Famine Lac Tchad

12. Trend of Population figures in CH phase 3 to 5
from November 2016 to June 2022
The Food and Nutrition
situation remains
generally deteriorated
in the 2021 harvest
period compared to the
2021 lean season
An increase in people in
crisis phase to worse of
more than 40% is
projected at the next lean
season 2022

13. Acute FNI Drivers
limited trade, access to land,
fertilizer labour and seeds in
some area, such as
inaccessible areas
High food prices, do to the inflation in
Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ghana);
Several insecurity, insurgency, kidnaping remain the
main drivers of food and nutrition insecurity in the Lac
Chad basin(Nigeria, Chad and Niger), Liptako Gourma
Authority zone (Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger);
Liptako Gourma zone
Lac Chad Bassin
1
Million
IDPs
565
milles
IDPs
72
milles
IDPs
1,5
Million
IDPs
1,2
Million
IDPs
3
Millions
IDPs
Drought, flood conditions
have affected crops and
pastoral season in the Sahel
countries
High food prices on the basic
staples food
Outstanding Impact of Covid-
19 were added to ongoing
vulnerability conditions
7,3
Millions
IDPs

14. Pastoral mobility outstanding very limited in the Lac Chad
Basin and Liptako Gourma areas related to insecurity.
ACUTE FNI DRIVERS
Limited biomass availability in the Sahel (Burkina Faso,
Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad) do to drought and Increased
bushfires
Inaccessibility to some pastures resources remains in
conflict zones where significant livestock losses are reported
due to insecurity in central and northern Mali, Burkina Faso,
Niger and North-west States of Nigeria.

15. THE GOVERNMENTS, CILSS, ECOWAS AND
UEMOA AND FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL PARTNERS
Develop urgently national responses plans (NRP) to provide immediate Food
and Nutrition assistance to the populations under "crisis and worse"
situation located mainly in : Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Chad,
Mauritania, Sierra Leone, Cameroon and all others countries.
are recommended to
Take appropriate action to facilitate access to vulnerable population to
humanitarian assistance communities by ensuring access to inaccessible
areas of Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Nigeria.

16. Develop resilience-building actions for 82,5 millions of people under
pressure (phase 2) specifically income-generating activities for
women and young people to prevent the rapid deterioration or total
collapse of the livelihood assets
Continue and strengthen measures to prevent and manage acute
malnutrition in areas where urgent an alert rates are reported,
including in the Lake Chad Basin, Liptako de Gourma
THE GOVERNMENTS, CILSS, ECOWAS AND
UEMOA AND FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL PARTNERS

17. ATTENTION OF CILSS, ECOWAS, UEMOA, FAO, PAM, UNICEF
Strengthen actions at regional level to prevent and
manage malnutrition across the countries
Strengthen markets information monitoring and
particularly in identified risk areas
Improve inter-border Food systems at regional level
particularly in the countries affected by insecurity

18. ATTENTION OF CILSS AND CH TECHNICAL
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Set-up a system of Food and Nutrition monitoring in the
inaccessible and limited access areas of Burkina Faso,
Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Chad) to inform decision makers.

19. CONCLUSION
 The Food and Nutrition situation in the Sahel and
West Africa remains mainly linked to growing civil
insecurity, drought and increasing of staples food
prices.
 Uncertainty over the implementation of responses in
inaccessible areas of the Lake Chad Basin and the
three-border area

20. Thank you for your kind attention!