Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ABCG5 or ABCG8 genes, which code for the sterolin protein. This leads to an inability to eliminate dietary plant sterols from the body, resulting in their accumulation and deposition in tissues. Symptoms include premature atherosclerosis, fatty deposits under the skin called xanthomas, and blood abnormalities. Treatment focuses on a strictly plant sterol-restricted diet, cholesterol-lowering medications, and potentially bile acid sequestrants.