The document discusses the rise of secularism in Europe and India. It describes how in Europe, the Christian church and state were once strongly bonded but thinkers began revolting against Christianity, leading to the emergence of secular states. In India, Islam and Christianity came through imperialism and used state power to spread by destroying temples and forcing conversions. However, secularism in independent India gave complete freedom to Islamic and Christian missionaries to propagate while hindering Hindu practices, weakening Hindu society. Key differences discussed are the violent versus non-violent spread of monotheistic versus polytheistic faiths.
Sita ram goel the story of islamic imperialism in indiaIndiaInspires
This document summarizes the history of Islamic rule in India from the 11th century onwards based on Muslim historians' accounts. It describes how rulers like Mahmud Ghaznavi, Muhammad Ghuri, the Khiljis, Tughlaqs, and others destroyed Hindu temples and monasteries, slaughtered civilians, and spread Islam through force. It argues that Hindu rulers failed to collectively defend against the foreign invaders and were unprepared for the violent nature of Islamic imperialism, allowing the conquest of most of India over time.
Sita ram goel perversion of india's political parlanceIndiaInspires
The document discusses the misuse and distortion of certain political terms in India, particularly the term "secular". It argues that in India, secular now means espousing Islamic beliefs and practices while eschewing Hinduism. It also claims that self-proclaimed "leftists" and "secularists" support policies and views that favor Muslims over Hindus, such as advocating for Urdu as a second official language and turning a blind eye to issues within Islamic communities. Overall, the document criticizes those who label themselves as progressive but are seen as favoring one religious community over another.
This document discusses the history of Christian missionary activity in India over five phases from the arrival of the Portuguese to modern times. It outlines how missionary tactics changed from overt aggression to more subtle means of conversion through education and social services. The document argues that Christian missionary efforts have caused significant cultural and social damage in India and other countries in Asia. It calls for Hindus to resist missionary activities and enact laws prohibiting forceful or fraudulent conversion practices.
Hindu society must gather self-confidence to defend itself from accusations. It should evaluate other religions and ideologies based on its own thought, not compare itself to them. The document discusses differences between the spiritual freedom of Sanatan Dharma and the religious regimentation of other religions. It argues Hindu society should be proud of its spiritual and cultural heritage.
Sita ram goel history of hindu-christian encountersIndiaInspires
This document provides a summary of encounters between Hinduism and Christianity in India from 304 AD to 1996 AD, based on the book by Sita Ram Goel. It discusses early peaceful encounters between Syrian Christians and Hindus in India, followed by forced conversions and destruction of Hindu temples after the arrival of Portuguese missionaries. It also critiques the views and approaches of various Indian and Western figures towards Hinduism and Christianity such as Mahatma Gandhi, Thomas Jefferson, and Pat Robertson. The document argues that Christian missionaries aimed to destroy Hindu society and culture in India.
This document provides an overview of several major belief systems including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes the origins, key beliefs, sacred texts, and spread of each religion. It also discusses how religions can be similar in concepts like karma and dharma, but differ in other beliefs like views on gods and the afterlife. The document aims to help readers understand and compare characteristics of major world religions.
This document discusses the positive and negative effects of religion. Positively, religion can promote social harmony by bringing people together, provide moral values and social change, explain phenomena, and give people purpose and belonging. However, it can also affirm social hierarchies, cause discrimination through intolerant beliefs, trigger conflicts and violence, be used to control people economically, and impede scientific advancement by rejecting theories that contradict religious doctrines.
The document discusses religious reform movements in modern India that arose in response to rigid and inhumane practices in Indian society in the early 19th century. It highlights key figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy who founded the Brahmo Samaj movement to reject idol worship and rituals. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar worked to promote women's rights and education. The Prarthana Samaj in Bombay promoted rational worship and social reforms like inter-caste marriage. The Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, also aimed to reform Hindu practices and promote women's rights based on a strict interpretation of the Vedas. These religious reform movements addressed social issues
Sita ram goel the story of islamic imperialism in indiaIndiaInspires
This document summarizes the history of Islamic rule in India from the 11th century onwards based on Muslim historians' accounts. It describes how rulers like Mahmud Ghaznavi, Muhammad Ghuri, the Khiljis, Tughlaqs, and others destroyed Hindu temples and monasteries, slaughtered civilians, and spread Islam through force. It argues that Hindu rulers failed to collectively defend against the foreign invaders and were unprepared for the violent nature of Islamic imperialism, allowing the conquest of most of India over time.
Sita ram goel perversion of india's political parlanceIndiaInspires
The document discusses the misuse and distortion of certain political terms in India, particularly the term "secular". It argues that in India, secular now means espousing Islamic beliefs and practices while eschewing Hinduism. It also claims that self-proclaimed "leftists" and "secularists" support policies and views that favor Muslims over Hindus, such as advocating for Urdu as a second official language and turning a blind eye to issues within Islamic communities. Overall, the document criticizes those who label themselves as progressive but are seen as favoring one religious community over another.
This document discusses the history of Christian missionary activity in India over five phases from the arrival of the Portuguese to modern times. It outlines how missionary tactics changed from overt aggression to more subtle means of conversion through education and social services. The document argues that Christian missionary efforts have caused significant cultural and social damage in India and other countries in Asia. It calls for Hindus to resist missionary activities and enact laws prohibiting forceful or fraudulent conversion practices.
Hindu society must gather self-confidence to defend itself from accusations. It should evaluate other religions and ideologies based on its own thought, not compare itself to them. The document discusses differences between the spiritual freedom of Sanatan Dharma and the religious regimentation of other religions. It argues Hindu society should be proud of its spiritual and cultural heritage.
Sita ram goel history of hindu-christian encountersIndiaInspires
This document provides a summary of encounters between Hinduism and Christianity in India from 304 AD to 1996 AD, based on the book by Sita Ram Goel. It discusses early peaceful encounters between Syrian Christians and Hindus in India, followed by forced conversions and destruction of Hindu temples after the arrival of Portuguese missionaries. It also critiques the views and approaches of various Indian and Western figures towards Hinduism and Christianity such as Mahatma Gandhi, Thomas Jefferson, and Pat Robertson. The document argues that Christian missionaries aimed to destroy Hindu society and culture in India.
This document provides an overview of several major belief systems including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes the origins, key beliefs, sacred texts, and spread of each religion. It also discusses how religions can be similar in concepts like karma and dharma, but differ in other beliefs like views on gods and the afterlife. The document aims to help readers understand and compare characteristics of major world religions.
This document discusses the positive and negative effects of religion. Positively, religion can promote social harmony by bringing people together, provide moral values and social change, explain phenomena, and give people purpose and belonging. However, it can also affirm social hierarchies, cause discrimination through intolerant beliefs, trigger conflicts and violence, be used to control people economically, and impede scientific advancement by rejecting theories that contradict religious doctrines.
The document discusses religious reform movements in modern India that arose in response to rigid and inhumane practices in Indian society in the early 19th century. It highlights key figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy who founded the Brahmo Samaj movement to reject idol worship and rituals. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar worked to promote women's rights and education. The Prarthana Samaj in Bombay promoted rational worship and social reforms like inter-caste marriage. The Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati, also aimed to reform Hindu practices and promote women's rights based on a strict interpretation of the Vedas. These religious reform movements addressed social issues
Positive & negative effects of religionJulius Aquino
This document discusses both the positive and negative effects of religion. On the positive side, it argues that religion promotes social harmony by stabilizing cultures, provides moral values and social change, reduces fear of the unknown, and gives people a sense of purpose and belonging. However, it also notes religion can negatively affirm social hierarchies, cause discrimination, trigger conflicts through intolerances of other beliefs, and in some cases has been used to exploit people or impede scientific advancement. The document concludes by examining some specific historical events driven by religious factors, such as self-immolation protests, widow burning in India, the Inquisition, and the Godhra train fire in India.
This document defines religion as beliefs about the supernatural, the afterlife, and how they impact life. It discusses key features of religion like prayer, ritual, and belief. From a functionalist perspective, religion is seen as teaching obedience, preserving in suffering, and virtues. However, from a conflict perspective, Marx saw religion as oppressing the working class by legitimizing capitalism. The document also examines dominant religions in Trinidad and Tobago and syncretic religions that blend Christian and African traditions. It lists contributions of religion like art, education, architecture, and influence on dress. Finally, it identifies various forms of worship within the Caribbean region.
Religion can both oppress groups and transform societies. Classical theorists like Marx saw religion justifying inequality, while Durkheim saw it promoting social cohesion through shared beliefs and rituals. Weber believed particular religions, like Protestantism, prompted social change by influencing views on work and economic success. Religious symbols and rituals help embed culture by marking major life events. While religion provides meaning and order, it can also legitimize power structures and divert attention from inequities according to conflict theorists.
This document provides an overview of religion from several perspectives:
1. It defines religion and key religious concepts like sacred, profane, faith, and ritual.
2. It outlines three sociological approaches to analyzing religion: structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and social conflict theory.
3. It discusses several world religions - Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism - and compares religious practices between Eastern and Western traditions.
Christianity is the third largest religion in India, constituting 2.3% of the population. It was introduced by St. Thomas in the 1st century and spread further by Europeans starting in the 15th century. Today it is growing, especially among middle and upper classes. However, Christians have also faced conflicts with Hindus and Muslims over conversions and destruction of churches. The document discusses the history and spread of Christianity in India as well as current demographics, cultural influences, and tensions with other religious groups.
Culture refers to a people's way of life and includes their language, beliefs, customs, and material goods. There are five major world religions discussed in the document: Hinduism, which originated in India and believes in reincarnation and many gods; Buddhism, which began in India and teaches the path to nirvana and eliminating desire; Judaism, the first monotheistic religion and beliefs outlined in the Old Testament; Christianity, founded by Jesus Christ and the belief he was the son of God; and Islam, founded by Mohammed and the belief in one God, Allah, and the five pillars of faith.
Major religions by yashika kothari -kulachi hansrajYashika Kothari
The document provides information on several major religions and movements in India:
1. Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century AD and spread across the Arabian Peninsula. It emphasizes faith in Allah and following the teachings of the Quran.
2. Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak in the 15th century and is based on devotion to God and equality. It is guided by the teachings in the Guru Granth Sahib scripture.
3. The Bhakti movement began in South India in the 7th-8th centuries and emphasized devotion and equality. Saints like Kabir and Nanak preached Hindu-Muslim unity.
4.
Positive and Negative Effects of ReligionNorlyn Traje
This document summarizes some positive and negative effects of religion. Positive effects include charitable giving that helps those in need, promoting ethics in political life by advocating for equality, and bringing people together in communities. However, religion can also fill people with fear, turn people against each other by identifying some religions as the sole truth, and seek power like corporations which can lead to violence and warfare over religious differences. Overall, religion has significantly impacted history both positively and negatively.
1. The document provides an overview of the major cultural and religious developments that occurred in Eurasia and North Africa between 500 BCE and 500 CE. It discusses the philosophies that emerged in China like Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism and how they addressed social order.
2. In India, it outlines the development of Hinduism and Buddhism, including their core beliefs like samsara, karma, and achieving nirvana. It also examines the social roles prescribed for women.
3. In the Middle East, it introduces the monotheistic traditions of Zoroastrianism and Judaism that emerged, emphasizing concepts like the struggle between good and evil.
Christianity has a long history in India, dating back to 52AD when St. Thomas first brought Christianity to the southern state of Kerala. It remained small until the arrival of European missionaries in the 15th-16th centuries. While Christianity remains a minority religion in India making up only 2-4% of the population, the Christian community has made significant contributions to education, social justice, and interfaith dialogue. However, Christians have also faced increasing persecution in recent decades from Hindu nationalist groups accusing them of forced conversions. Overall Christianity has deep roots in India but continues to face challenges of intolerance.
The document discusses the concepts of secularism, communalism, and religious pluralism in India. It defines secularism as the separation of religion and politics by the state, while communalism refers to using religion as the basis for political mobilization or nationhood. Gandhi, Maulana Azad, and others like them were religious but not communal as they did not let religion define their politics. It emphasizes that a truly secular society requires understanding and acceptance between religious communities living in pluralism.
This document defines and discusses religious fundamentalism. It begins by defining fundamentalism from different sources and exploring the roots of the term in Christianity. It then examines different types of religious fundamentalism like Islamic, Christian, Hindu and Jewish fundamentalism. The document discusses the effects of fundamentalism, like spreading terrorist activities and violence. It concludes by noting that while some see fundamentalism as threatening modern society, religions generally do not promote war or killing except in self-defense.
The document provides an overview of the key beliefs and practices of Islam. It discusses the life of Muhammad and the origins of Islam. The main points covered include the five pillars of Islam, Islamic rules and way of life, contributions to areas like art, science and math, and the spread of Islamic empires across three major regions.
The document discusses the expansion and activities of evangelical Christian organizations in India from a critical perspective. It notes that large Western-funded organizations like World Vision and Gospel for Asia build infrastructure and provide services, but also covertly engage in proselytization activities disguised as development or humanitarian work. The document argues that the goal of such organizations is to ultimately spread fundamentalist Christianity and create populations dependent on the West in India. It provides several examples and quotes from evangelical thinkers and leaders to assert that the organizations view Hinduism negatively and as an obstacle to be overcome.
A Lecture on Religion As a Group Phenomenon was delivered to students of Sociology in the class of Sociology of Religion supervised by Mr.Inam-ul-Haq Lecturer Sociology at UMT by M.USAMA MANSOOR
This document provides an overview of various religions in South Africa including Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism. It defines religion and describes some of the key aspects of each religion such as beliefs, practices, and symbols. Students are assigned a group activity to research and conduct a role play illustrating the elements of one of these religions.
This document discusses secularization theory and religious trends. It defines secularization theory as focusing on the decline of religion as societies develop. It identifies three levels of secularization: societal, organizational, and individual. It also discusses concepts such as sacralization, where religious qualities are placed in earthly entities, and detraditionalization, which refers to the erosion of religious tradition in postmodern societies. The document explores these topics to understand the role of religion in public policy formulation.
This document discusses how Christianity has been assimilating elements of Hinduism in South India through a process called "Dravidian Christianity". It provides 3 key ways this has been done:
1. Fabricating a myth that St. Thomas visited South India and influenced Tamil classics, claiming this was an early form of Christianity rather than Hinduism. Archaeological evidence debunks this myth.
2. Aligning with the Dravidian movement starting in the 1900s to portray Hinduism as imposed by "evil" northern Aryans, while presenting Christianity and an imagined "Dravidian" spirituality as similar.
3. Christianizing elements of Tamil culture like festivals, art forms, and the popularization
This document discusses several key topics related to the sociology of religion:
1) It defines religiosity and the different ways people can express or experience religion.
2) It outlines Ernst Troeltsch's typology of religious organizations as ecclesia, church, sect, and cult. It then describes the characteristics of each type.
3) It discusses some of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology on how religion affects society and individuals, such as the functionalist, conflict theory, and rational choice perspectives. Religion can both unite and divide society.
Before Spanish colonization, Malay ancestors brought their culture to the Philippines, including staple foods like rice and tuba wine, traditional clothing like kangan and patadyong, and social hierarchies with dato as the tribal leaders and alipins as slaves. This ancestral Malay culture and the early relationships the Philippines developed with countries like India, China and Arabia benefited the development of Filipino society before European contact.
Positive & negative effects of religionJulius Aquino
This document discusses both the positive and negative effects of religion. On the positive side, it argues that religion promotes social harmony by stabilizing cultures, provides moral values and social change, reduces fear of the unknown, and gives people a sense of purpose and belonging. However, it also notes religion can negatively affirm social hierarchies, cause discrimination, trigger conflicts through intolerances of other beliefs, and in some cases has been used to exploit people or impede scientific advancement. The document concludes by examining some specific historical events driven by religious factors, such as self-immolation protests, widow burning in India, the Inquisition, and the Godhra train fire in India.
This document defines religion as beliefs about the supernatural, the afterlife, and how they impact life. It discusses key features of religion like prayer, ritual, and belief. From a functionalist perspective, religion is seen as teaching obedience, preserving in suffering, and virtues. However, from a conflict perspective, Marx saw religion as oppressing the working class by legitimizing capitalism. The document also examines dominant religions in Trinidad and Tobago and syncretic religions that blend Christian and African traditions. It lists contributions of religion like art, education, architecture, and influence on dress. Finally, it identifies various forms of worship within the Caribbean region.
Religion can both oppress groups and transform societies. Classical theorists like Marx saw religion justifying inequality, while Durkheim saw it promoting social cohesion through shared beliefs and rituals. Weber believed particular religions, like Protestantism, prompted social change by influencing views on work and economic success. Religious symbols and rituals help embed culture by marking major life events. While religion provides meaning and order, it can also legitimize power structures and divert attention from inequities according to conflict theorists.
This document provides an overview of religion from several perspectives:
1. It defines religion and key religious concepts like sacred, profane, faith, and ritual.
2. It outlines three sociological approaches to analyzing religion: structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and social conflict theory.
3. It discusses several world religions - Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism - and compares religious practices between Eastern and Western traditions.
Christianity is the third largest religion in India, constituting 2.3% of the population. It was introduced by St. Thomas in the 1st century and spread further by Europeans starting in the 15th century. Today it is growing, especially among middle and upper classes. However, Christians have also faced conflicts with Hindus and Muslims over conversions and destruction of churches. The document discusses the history and spread of Christianity in India as well as current demographics, cultural influences, and tensions with other religious groups.
Culture refers to a people's way of life and includes their language, beliefs, customs, and material goods. There are five major world religions discussed in the document: Hinduism, which originated in India and believes in reincarnation and many gods; Buddhism, which began in India and teaches the path to nirvana and eliminating desire; Judaism, the first monotheistic religion and beliefs outlined in the Old Testament; Christianity, founded by Jesus Christ and the belief he was the son of God; and Islam, founded by Mohammed and the belief in one God, Allah, and the five pillars of faith.
Major religions by yashika kothari -kulachi hansrajYashika Kothari
The document provides information on several major religions and movements in India:
1. Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century AD and spread across the Arabian Peninsula. It emphasizes faith in Allah and following the teachings of the Quran.
2. Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak in the 15th century and is based on devotion to God and equality. It is guided by the teachings in the Guru Granth Sahib scripture.
3. The Bhakti movement began in South India in the 7th-8th centuries and emphasized devotion and equality. Saints like Kabir and Nanak preached Hindu-Muslim unity.
4.
Positive and Negative Effects of ReligionNorlyn Traje
This document summarizes some positive and negative effects of religion. Positive effects include charitable giving that helps those in need, promoting ethics in political life by advocating for equality, and bringing people together in communities. However, religion can also fill people with fear, turn people against each other by identifying some religions as the sole truth, and seek power like corporations which can lead to violence and warfare over religious differences. Overall, religion has significantly impacted history both positively and negatively.
1. The document provides an overview of the major cultural and religious developments that occurred in Eurasia and North Africa between 500 BCE and 500 CE. It discusses the philosophies that emerged in China like Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism and how they addressed social order.
2. In India, it outlines the development of Hinduism and Buddhism, including their core beliefs like samsara, karma, and achieving nirvana. It also examines the social roles prescribed for women.
3. In the Middle East, it introduces the monotheistic traditions of Zoroastrianism and Judaism that emerged, emphasizing concepts like the struggle between good and evil.
Christianity has a long history in India, dating back to 52AD when St. Thomas first brought Christianity to the southern state of Kerala. It remained small until the arrival of European missionaries in the 15th-16th centuries. While Christianity remains a minority religion in India making up only 2-4% of the population, the Christian community has made significant contributions to education, social justice, and interfaith dialogue. However, Christians have also faced increasing persecution in recent decades from Hindu nationalist groups accusing them of forced conversions. Overall Christianity has deep roots in India but continues to face challenges of intolerance.
The document discusses the concepts of secularism, communalism, and religious pluralism in India. It defines secularism as the separation of religion and politics by the state, while communalism refers to using religion as the basis for political mobilization or nationhood. Gandhi, Maulana Azad, and others like them were religious but not communal as they did not let religion define their politics. It emphasizes that a truly secular society requires understanding and acceptance between religious communities living in pluralism.
This document defines and discusses religious fundamentalism. It begins by defining fundamentalism from different sources and exploring the roots of the term in Christianity. It then examines different types of religious fundamentalism like Islamic, Christian, Hindu and Jewish fundamentalism. The document discusses the effects of fundamentalism, like spreading terrorist activities and violence. It concludes by noting that while some see fundamentalism as threatening modern society, religions generally do not promote war or killing except in self-defense.
The document provides an overview of the key beliefs and practices of Islam. It discusses the life of Muhammad and the origins of Islam. The main points covered include the five pillars of Islam, Islamic rules and way of life, contributions to areas like art, science and math, and the spread of Islamic empires across three major regions.
The document discusses the expansion and activities of evangelical Christian organizations in India from a critical perspective. It notes that large Western-funded organizations like World Vision and Gospel for Asia build infrastructure and provide services, but also covertly engage in proselytization activities disguised as development or humanitarian work. The document argues that the goal of such organizations is to ultimately spread fundamentalist Christianity and create populations dependent on the West in India. It provides several examples and quotes from evangelical thinkers and leaders to assert that the organizations view Hinduism negatively and as an obstacle to be overcome.
A Lecture on Religion As a Group Phenomenon was delivered to students of Sociology in the class of Sociology of Religion supervised by Mr.Inam-ul-Haq Lecturer Sociology at UMT by M.USAMA MANSOOR
This document provides an overview of various religions in South Africa including Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism. It defines religion and describes some of the key aspects of each religion such as beliefs, practices, and symbols. Students are assigned a group activity to research and conduct a role play illustrating the elements of one of these religions.
This document discusses secularization theory and religious trends. It defines secularization theory as focusing on the decline of religion as societies develop. It identifies three levels of secularization: societal, organizational, and individual. It also discusses concepts such as sacralization, where religious qualities are placed in earthly entities, and detraditionalization, which refers to the erosion of religious tradition in postmodern societies. The document explores these topics to understand the role of religion in public policy formulation.
This document discusses how Christianity has been assimilating elements of Hinduism in South India through a process called "Dravidian Christianity". It provides 3 key ways this has been done:
1. Fabricating a myth that St. Thomas visited South India and influenced Tamil classics, claiming this was an early form of Christianity rather than Hinduism. Archaeological evidence debunks this myth.
2. Aligning with the Dravidian movement starting in the 1900s to portray Hinduism as imposed by "evil" northern Aryans, while presenting Christianity and an imagined "Dravidian" spirituality as similar.
3. Christianizing elements of Tamil culture like festivals, art forms, and the popularization
This document discusses several key topics related to the sociology of religion:
1) It defines religiosity and the different ways people can express or experience religion.
2) It outlines Ernst Troeltsch's typology of religious organizations as ecclesia, church, sect, and cult. It then describes the characteristics of each type.
3) It discusses some of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology on how religion affects society and individuals, such as the functionalist, conflict theory, and rational choice perspectives. Religion can both unite and divide society.
Before Spanish colonization, Malay ancestors brought their culture to the Philippines, including staple foods like rice and tuba wine, traditional clothing like kangan and patadyong, and social hierarchies with dato as the tribal leaders and alipins as slaves. This ancestral Malay culture and the early relationships the Philippines developed with countries like India, China and Arabia benefited the development of Filipino society before European contact.
This document provides an overview of secularism in India. It defines secularism as the separation of religion and state where the state does not endorse or oppose any particular religion. It discusses the notions of secularism that emerged in Western societies due to struggles between church and state versus in India where secularism aims for equality among all religions. The document also outlines key aspects of secularism enshrined in the Indian constitution like freedom of religion and how secularism promotes democratic values.
Secularism is the separation of government and religious institutions, where the government remains neutral in matters of religious belief. In India, secularism means equal treatment of all religions by the state, unlike Western secularism which separates religion and state. India's major religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and later Islam, co-existed for centuries before colonial rule, with rulers like Ashoka and Harsha accepting multiple faiths. Historical sites like the Ellora Caves built between the 5th-10th centuries reflect religious tolerance, as do the tomb of Akbar incorporating elements of Islam and Hinduism, and temples merging styles of various faiths. True secularism as enshrined in the Indian constitution
Our Malayan Heritage discusses the cultural practices of early Filipinos before the arrival of Spanish colonizers. It covers many aspects of their way of life including food, dress, housing, government, arts, sciences, and more. Early Filipinos had developed their own distinct culture that was influenced by their Malay ancestors, which they brought with them when they settled in the islands. They established independent barangay systems of governance and had diverse customs around areas like marriage, death, and oral traditions.
The document discusses several key Islamic concepts:
1. The concept of Allah as the sole sovereign authority and source of all knowledge.
2. The concept of din (religion) as complete submission and obedience to Allah's divine guidance.
3. The distinction between revealed knowledge from the Quran and Sunnah, and conceived knowledge from sciences and human reasoning.
4. How a gradual neglect of revealed knowledge and dominance of Western thought has distorted understanding of Islamic concepts in modern times. This has led to confusion and misguidance.
The document discusses the concept of secularism in India. It defines secularism as the separation of religion from the state according to the Indian constitution. It lists three objectives of Indian secularism as ensuring no single religious community dominates others, members of a religion don't dominate other members of the same religion, and the state does not enforce any particular religion or restrict religious freedom. It emphasizes that separating religion from state power is important for a democratic country to function properly and prevent discrimination.
The lesson on the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and his men, the establishment of Fort San Pedro, the arrival in Manila and the establishment of Intramuros
This powerpoint presentation defines secularism as the separation of government and religious institutions to ensure equal treatment of people of all religions. It discusses how secularism protects freedom of religion and expression while ensuring religious beliefs do not interfere with democratic laws and institutions. Secularism is practiced differently in various countries, with India described as having a controversial form that respects religious personal laws but is criticized for allowing discrimination. Several international organizations are also listed that promote secular and humanist views.
This document discusses the origins of the early inhabitants of the Philippines based on three sources of information:
1) The biblical story of creation describes the first man and woman originating from Adam and Eve. Some believe the first settlers were Tharsis and his brothers.
2) The theory of evolution proposes that early Filipinos descended from apelike creatures thousands of years ago. Scientists believe people migrated in waves, including short Negritos 25,000 years ago, taller Indonesians 5,000 years ago, and Malays 2,000 years ago who established a more advanced culture.
3) Legends and folktales like the Story of Malakas and Maganda and the Story of the Brown People
Secularism in India means equal treatment of all religions by the state, unlike Western secularism which separates religion and state. Indian religions co-existed for centuries before the arrival of Islam, as evidenced by Ashoka and Harsha accepting different faiths and the proximity of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain caves at Ellora suggesting religious tolerance. Akbar's tomb incorporated elements of Islam and Hinduism, and a Hindu temple in Jaipur merged styles of multiple religions, showing India's historic secularism and diversity. The young generation understands secularism to mean freedom of religion and freedom from religious imposition.
Secularism refers to the separation of government and religion where neither are under the control of the other. Secularism has its roots in Greek, Roman, Islamic, Enlightenment, and modern freethinking traditions. In political terms, secularism aims to reduce ties between government and religion by replacing religious laws with civil laws and eliminating religious discrimination. India is considered a secular nation that equally treats all religions, though it intervenes in religious affairs to prevent domination or discrimination within religious communities. Unlike Western secularism, Indian secularism allows state intervention and support of religion to some degree.
The document describes the social hierarchy that existed in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. At the top were the Peninsulares, Spaniards born in Spain who held the highest social status and political power. Below them were the Insulares, Spaniards born in the Philippines who faced some discrimination. The Ilustrados constituted an educated Filipino middle class influenced by Spanish liberal ideals. Mestizos and Indios comprised the mixed-race and native Filipino populations at the lower levels of society.
Pre-Colonial Philippine literature originated from various ethnic groups that inhabited the archipelago. Verses were composed in various forms including octosyllabic, dodecasyllabic, riddles, maxims, epigrams, and were used to entertain, educate, curse or preserve culture. Some common pre-colonial poetic forms included tanaga, ambahan, and ancient metrical tales that told stories about heroes and myths. Folk songs were also an important part of pre-colonial literature and expressed the people's lifestyles through various genres.
The Indonesian ancestors began migrating to the Philippines around 5,000-6,000 years ago, influencing the development of Filipino languages. Early Filipino societies were composed of small coastal communities called barangays, each led by a Datu. These barangays traded with one another but owed allegiance to different leaders. Indonesian, Tagalog, and other Philippine languages share Austronesian roots and contributed many words to one another's vocabularies due to geographic proximity and cultural exchange.
1. India, China, and Arabia influenced Philippine culture through religion, customs, language, and physical traits. Hindu and Buddhist beliefs arrived indirectly from India through Malaysia as early as 900 AD. Chinese influence is seen in occupations, clothing, food, language and 10% of the population. Islam was introduced by early Arab traders and missionaries, establishing the sultanates and contributing the Arabic script and calendar.
Harsh narain myths of composite cultureIndiaInspires
The document discusses the concept of "composite culture" in India and critiques the idea that Hindu and Muslim cultures naturally merged into a single Indian culture before the British arrived. It argues that Muslim rulers viewed India as "Dar-al-Islam" or the "Land of Islam" and sought to establish Islamic rule and convert Hindus. The document questions portrayals of Muslim rule as indigenous and asserts that religious divisions have long existed between Hindus and Muslims in South Asia.
The document discusses the concept of ideology and the ideology behind the creation of Pakistan. It provides definitions of ideology from dictionaries as a systematic body of concepts about human life or culture and a sociopolitical program. It then discusses the key principles of common religion, culture, causes and dedication that unite an ideology. The document outlines the religious, cultural and social differences between Hindus and Muslims that led proponents of the Two-Nation Theory like Iqbal and Jinnah to argue that Hindus and Muslims constitute two distinct nations requiring separate homelands. This ideology ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan as the first modern Islamic ideological state.
The document summarizes several major world religions including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes their origins, key beliefs and practices, sacred texts, and how some religions like Hinduism and Buddhism share concepts like karma and reincarnation but differ on other aspects like the caste system. It also discusses how religions can spread over large areas through cultural diffusion, missionaries, and conquest.
The document summarizes several major world religions including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes their origins, key beliefs, sacred texts, and how some religions like Hinduism and Buddhism share concepts like karma and reincarnation but differ on other aspects like the caste system. The document also discusses how religions can spread over large areas through cultural diffusion, missionaries, and conquest as seen with the spread of Islam after Muhammad.
The document summarizes several major world religions including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes their origins, key beliefs and practices, sacred texts, and how some religions like Hinduism and Buddhism share concepts like karma and reincarnation but differ on other aspects like the caste system. It also discusses how religions can spread over large areas through cultural diffusion, missionaries, and conquest.
Why did religion go global? Big History investigates why certain faiths became accepted by so many people in such varied parts of the world.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Major belief systems like Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam originated thousands of years ago and have since spread widely and influenced cultures globally. They share some common beliefs but also have key differences. Hinduism originated in India and introduced concepts like dharma, karma, and reincarnation. It also developed the caste system. Buddhism started in India and rejects the Hindu caste system, but retains concepts like karma and reincarnation. The Abrahamic faiths of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam originated in the Middle East and are monotheistic, embracing sacred texts like the Torah, Bible, and Quran. They prescribe moral codes and spread through cultural diffusion and missionary work
Khwaja Moinuddin Chisty was a Sufi saint who introduced the Chisti order of Sufism to India. He established a dhargah (shrine) in Ajmer, India, where he lived and taught. The document discusses the history and beliefs of the Chisti order, including their emphasis on love, music, non-violence, equality of women, and helping the poor. It also shares sayings and teachings of Khwaja Moinuddin Chisty about topics like love, humility, kindness, and serving others. The Dalai Lama visited the dhargah in Ajmer in 2008 to promote religious harmony.
The document summarizes several major world religions including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes their origins, core beliefs, sacred texts, and how some religions like Hinduism and Buddhism share concepts like karma and reincarnation but differ on other aspects like the caste system. The document also discusses how religions can spread through cultural diffusion, trade, missionaries and conquest over large geographical areas.
The document summarizes several major world religions including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes their origins, core beliefs, sacred texts, and how some religions like Hinduism and Buddhism share concepts like karma and reincarnation but differ on other aspects like the caste system. The document also discusses how religions can spread through cultural diffusion, trade, missionaries and conquest over large geographical areas.
The document summarizes several major world religions including animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It describes their origins, core beliefs, sacred texts, and how some religions like Hinduism and Buddhism share concepts like karma and reincarnation but differ on other aspects like the caste system. The document also discusses how religions can spread through cultural diffusion, trade, missionaries and conquest over large geographical areas.
This document discusses the need for Hindus to unite and protect their faith from threats. It identifies three main groups: exclusivist religious groups that seek converts, pseudo-secular groups that undermine Hinduism, and peace-loving Hindus who are currently vulnerable. The greatest weakness of Hindus is a lack of unity - they have too many leaders and do not speak with one voice. Hinduism is facing an organized onslaught from militant groups and secularists working together. Hindus must develop a unified leadership structure to safeguard their faith and counter these forces in a visible, effective way. Swami Vivekananda's teachings emphasize the importance of Hindu unity and organization.
its about aims and objectives. the people before 1947 , what kind of thinking they have and what are the diffrences between them and us.
dont just read it , try to understand the feelings about our dear homeland
#theme of partition in ice candy man
#bapsi sidhwa
#presentation
#Pakistani literature in English
#English
#education
#knowledge
#communication skills
#teaching
#study
#students
#helping material
#guide
#information
This document discusses religious tolerance and provides summaries of several major world religions. It notes that tolerance requires respecting others' views even if they differ from your own. It then provides brief overviews of Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, noting some of their core beliefs and founders. It concludes by stating examples of religious intolerance still exist worldwide and people should respect each other's differences rather than judging based on religion alone.
Hinduism and Buddhism originated in India and share some key beliefs. Hinduism developed over centuries without a single founder or set of ideas. It believes in reincarnation, where one's soul is reborn into new lives and karma determines the next life. The goal is to achieve moksha, or perfect understanding. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, who became the Buddha after gaining enlightenment. Buddhism rejects Hinduism's caste system and gods, and teaches the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path to achieve nirvana and break the cycle of reincarnation. Both religions spread from India to other parts of Asia.
The document provides context on the early religions of mankind and the development of monotheism through Ibrahim, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It then discusses how Guru Nanak's spiritual philosophy was revolutionary in rejecting concepts like idol worship, sacred places, notions of heaven and hell, and the caste system. Specifically, Guru Nanak preached that there is only one God, present everywhere; all people and places are equal; and the path to God is through remembrance and meditation on God's name.
India is home to many religions that have a long history in the country. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism originated in India and are the major Indian religions practiced by the majority. Other faiths like Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism were introduced in India's history through migration and missionary work. Today, India accepts a diversity of religious communities and guarantees religious freedom for all through its legal and social frameworks.
This book was written by the author in the context of impending partition of British India and its Dominions into India and Pakistan on the basis of religions. The author has discussed many aspects of such a division encompassing Nation State, Nationalities, Status of Minorities, Cultures, Religions, Economic, Financial, Political, Military and Defence, etc. On pages 30 to 40, he discusses the aspect of Religion, which is of particular interest in the now raging debate in India over Cow/Beef and Temple Desecration.
Lecture 1 Ideology.ppt Pakistan studies the Islamia University of bahawalpur ...sadiqnawaab
1) The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan, outlining key components like common religion, culture, and causes. It examines the importance of ideology in motivating progress and mutual duties.
2) The two-nation theory is explained, with quotes from Jinnah and Gandhi discussing religious and cultural differences between Hindus and Muslims. Figures like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Allama Iqbal are cited for their contributions to the ideology.
3) Jinnah's speeches emphasizing that Muslims are a separate nation and Islam as a complete code of life are discussed as crystallizing the case for an independent Pakistan based on the two-nation theory.
Saradindu mukherji subjects, citizens and refugeesIndiaInspires
This document summarizes the persecution faced by indigenous peoples in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh from 1947-1998. It describes how the local Buddhist and Hindu tribes were displaced and their lands taken as the Pakistani and later Bangladeshi governments settled Muslim populations in the area. It outlines how dams and development projects further displaced indigenous people without compensation. Armed resistance groups formed but faced repression, while the indigenous population declined as many were killed, converted to Islam, or fled to neighboring India as refugees.
Jaideep saikia islamic militancy in north-east indiaIndiaInspires
The document discusses the growth of Muslim population and illegal immigration in Assam, and the associated security issues. It notes that Burmese invaders destroyed Assam's structure in 1829, the Army captured Goalpara by 1921, and over half a million Bengalis transplanted to Assam. The Muslim population grew from 2 million in 1901 to over 3 million by 1941. Illegal immigration continues to turn districts Muslim-majority and reduce indigenous Assamese to minorities in their own land. Militant activities and support from Pakistan-based groups like ISI and DGFI are also discussed.
Jaideep saikia bangladesh - treading the taliban trailIndiaInspires
The document discusses the rise of fundamentalist Islam in Bangladesh and the country's shift away from secularism. It notes the growing influence of madrassas, Islamic parties like Jamaat-e-Islami, and the mistreatment of religious minorities. The document also raises concerns about Bangladesh becoming a haven for terrorist groups and illegal arms/drug trafficking networks.
Ishwar sharan the myth of mylapore shiva templeIndiaInspires
The document discusses the myth of St. Thomas coming to India in 52 AD and various issues related to the spread and establishment of Christianity in India. Some key points made in the document include:
1) There is no credible historical evidence that St. Thomas ever visited India, and the Acts of Thomas that the story is based on is a fictional work without any authority.
2) Christian missionaries invented and embellished the St. Thomas story to give Syrian immigrants Indian ancestry and promote their missionary activities.
3) Christian missionaries and colonial powers frequently destroyed Hindu temples and built churches on top of temple sites. Many sacred Christian sites in India were established by destroying Hindu/Buddhist religious sites.
Harsh narain jizyah and the spread of islam IndiaInspires
This document discusses the Islamic concept of jizyah, a tax imposed on non-Muslims (dhimmis) living under Islamic rule. It was intended as an alternative to killing or enslaving non-Muslims who did not convert to Islam. The payment of jizyah was seen as a sign of subjugation and humiliation for non-Muslims. The document traces the origins of jizyah to interactions between Muhammad and Christian communities in Arabia, and it describes how jizyah was imposed on non-Muslim populations in conquered lands like India, where it remained in place for centuries. The payment of jizyah relegated dhimmis to second-class status under Islamic
Sita ram goel stalinists historians spread the big lieIndiaInspires
This document summarizes key points from a presentation based on a book about the Babri Masjid. It discusses how Marxist historians have politicized the topic and offered far-fetched explanations for Islamic iconoclasm. The document examines evidence that the Kesavadeva temple was destroyed by Aurangzeb in 1669 in line with Islamic theology calling for destruction of non-Muslim places of worship, contradicting Marxist claims of political or economic motives. It also challenges claims that Hindus destroyed Buddhist and Jain temples lacking credible evidence.
A Presentation on the Book - Hinduism: The Eternal Tradition by David Frawley, explaining the aspects of Hinduism in a lucid manner, appropriate for modern and western audiences.
A Presentation on the book by the same name by David Frawley - the saint of America - Vamadeva Shastri. In the book he calls for the rekindling of the ancient spirit of India, calling upon Arjuna (The defenders of Dharma) to stand up and do their duty.
A PowerPoint Presentation of the excellent book of Arun Shourie by the same name in which he discloses the story of how India academia was taken over by the Leftist establishment during the tenure of Indira Gandhi as the Prime Minister of India. She authorized the Communization of Indian academia under the Education Ministry of Dr. Nurul Hasan who was a card-carrying cadre of the Communist Party. Here is a short presentation of the eye opening book.
3. In European countries after 4th & before 18th
century their was a strong bond between
Christian church & the State.
The function of the State was not only to
supervise & control the worldly (secular) life of
its subject, but also to secure their salvation in
the next world.
It was the duty of the State to kill and burn
alive the person who disregarded the rules of
4. After Europe became Christianized the kings
were no more in need of the blessings from
the Church in order to expand their power.
In 16th century Church and Christianity got
splintered into many sects.
The state in one country, by aligning with one
sect began to suppress other sects & the state
in other country, by aligning with other sect
began to suppress all others.
And wars began to be fought on the name of
religion
5. Fortunately, some thinkers were influenced by
humanism, rationalism & universalism inherent
in Pagan culture.
They revolted against Christianity.
State was liberated form the stranglehold of
Christianity which came to known as Secular
state.
To seek and strive for salvation in the next
world or not, became now the personal choice
of each citizen.
6. French Revolution
By the end of 18th century, along with the French
Revolution, revolt against Christianity got
accelerated.
8. Islam had set its foot on the Hindu homeland in the
second half of the 7th century. Since then Islam has
victimized, tormented and terrorized the Hindu
9. Mohammed Ghuri 1160-1206 AD
He renewed Islamic imperialism in India in the last
quarter of the 12th century AD.
10. Taj-ul-Masir, Hasan Nizami
"In Benaras which is the centre of
the country of Hind, they
destroyed 1,000 temples & raised
mosques on their foundations"
11. In 1194 AD Ghuri’s
Lieutenant
Qutubuddin Aibak
destroyed 27 Hindu
temples at Delhi &
built the Quwwat-ul-
Islam mosque with
their debris.
12. On his return to Ajmer, Aibak destroyed the
Sanskrit college of Visladeva, and laid the foundations of a
mosque which came to be known as Adhai Din KA Jhonpra.
14. Islam and Christianity came to India with alien
imperialism, and made unbridled use of state
power for several 100 years.
On the other hand, Hindu society never used
the State power for spreading faith.
The right use of Secularism would have been
to unmask Islam & Christianity and liberate the
communities which had been their victims.
15. But what actually happened in
India after independence was
just the opposite.
16. The mullahs & missionaries who had exhibited
ceaseless hostility to India’s ancient culture
began to speak that majority Hindu society
poses great threat to minority culture of Islam
& Christianity.
The Muslims & Christians were given
complete freedom to propagate and spread
their creeds to the best of their capacity.
17. The Partition - Punjab, 1947
Hardly 50 years have passed & Islam have again
started speaking the same language which they had
used before the partition of India
21. By clamoring in the name of distinctive culture
of Islam & special rights of the minorities, they
began to raise the same demands because of
which the country had partitioned.
Christian missionaries began to extend their
network all over the country.
22. Pt. Jawahar lal Nehru
The policy of Secularism proclaimed by pt. Nehru
was full of animosity towards the Hindu society and
culture.
23. M.K. Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi’s mindless slogan of sarva-
dharma-sambhava was proving to be effective
disguise for Christian missions to steal a march
24. Hindu society has been on the defensive
since 1920 when Congress took up the
cause of Khilafat.
25. This has happened because
Hindus in their ignorance have
recognized Islam and
Christianity as Dharmas.
28. Tradition of Advaita
In the long history of this tradition, not a single
instance of spread of faith by use of force is
available.
The spread of Buddhism is noteworthy.
In the spread of this Dharma not a single soldier ever
played any role.
The monks of the Dharma Sangha alone carried the
faith far and wide.
In the countries where Buddhism spread, it never
came into conflict with the ancient modes of worship of
those country.
29.
30.
31. Monotheism
The whole history of the spread of Monotheism
is the history of the use of force in various
ways.
The expansion of Christianity & Islam took place
only through the use of armed force or economic
power.
They destroyed religious place of others.
They slaughtered in cold blood the defeated warriors
of other faiths, enslaved and sold their innocent
families in far-off lands and plundered all their
properties.
32. Destruction of Temples
Monotheism destroyed religious places of other faiths,
broke the sacred images of Gods, killed their priests &
dishonored them and made uniting effort to destroy
34. They state quite clearly that the
use of force is sanctioned by
their “religion”.
On the other hand, in the
tradition of Advaita, there is no
provision for use of force for
spreading faith.
36. The first proposition visible in
school of Advaita is polytheism.
Tulsidas: “hari ananta harikatha
ananta” (god is infinite, so also
the narratives in his praise)
37. Polytheism
The same god can be worshipped in various ways.
Gods are worshipped in countless forms like
human-male, human- female, birds, animals,
rivers, mountains, stones, trees etc.. There is a
provision for worship of formless which is beyond
all forms.
The truth is eternal and impersonal. Any seeker
who searches for truth in any place or at any time,
finds it in full.
40. According to monotheism, there
is only one creator & controller
of cosmos, who does not
manifest himself in different
forms, and who does not permit
worship of any other god or
goddess.
41. Fundamentals of Monotheism
One God has created the Cosmos without the
aid of any substance. So he remains outside of
his own creation.
The human male is the highest creation of one
god. Other creation of god including women
have been created merely for enjoyment by
humans male.
Man gets only one life and it is an
unpardonable sin for man to fancy that he
shares even an iota of God’s divinity.
42. Advaita philosophy believes in
vasudhaiva kutumbakam, that is, the
whole humanity is a single family.
On the other hand
Monotheism divides humanity in two
groups of believes & non-believers,
Christians & heathens, Muslims &
kafirs, or people of God & people of
devil.
49. The blunder is to recognize Islam as Dharma.
Slaughter of defeated armies after they have
surrendered, public auction abroad of
thousands of men & women & children, mass
rape of helpless women, destruction of
temples, burning of sacred books of dharma,
plunder of all kind of property, breaking of idols
of gods- all these doings of Islamized Arabs
have been applauded by Muslim
theologians & historians and proclaimed as
the great triumph of Islam.
50. A majority of the Muslims were Hindu converts
who had been forced into the folds of Islam.
Hindu society closed its doors to them.
Some so-called saints of Islam came and
settled in northern India and they were given
land by Hindu Rajas to build mosques &
khanqaahs
None of Hindu saints could see that the
Kalimah- there is no god but Allah &
Muhammad is his last prophet- could
emanate only from a beastly rather than a
51.
52. Buddhas of
Bamyan
Nader Shah
fired cannon
at the statues.
53. Buddhas of Bamyan, statue being destroyed with
dynamite, March21, 2001
"Muslims should be proud of smashing idols. It has
given praise to God that we have destroyed them.“
On March 6, 2001 The Times quoted Mullah Mohammed Omar
54. Schools of Islam
Islamic law has four schools
Hanbali
Maliki
Shafii
Hanafi
According to Hanbali, Maliki and Shafii Hindus are
not the people of book like Christians & Jews and
they had either to become Muslims or had to be
killed.
Only Hanafi schools held that Hindus could be
accepted as People of Book and made Zimmis.
55. Disabilities imposed on Zimmis
They can not build new idol temples and will not
repair any disrepair existing temples.
Muslim travelers will be provided special
hospitality by Zimmis in their own houses.
Zimmis will respect Muslims.
They will not ride horses with saddle and bridle
and will not posses swords, bows or arrows.
They will not openly practice their tradition
amongst Muslims.
They will not mourn their dead loudly.
57. Amir Khusrao
“The heroism of our holy warriors has
saturated the whole country with streams
(of blood) flowing from the sword (of
Islam)... The mighty warriors of Hind have
been trampled under foot... If the Hanafi
code of law had not saved the Hindus from
death by levying Jizyah, they would have
been annihilated root & branch.”
58. Islam claims that it stands for a
casteless society while
Hinduism stands for caste
hierarchy.
59. Muslims in India have always divided their own
society into 3 separate sections.
Ashraf- The descendents of the Turks, the Arabs and
the Persians. It is a plural of sharif, which means the
noble one.
Ajlaf- the converts from the higher Hindu caste like
the Brahmins & Rajputs.
Arzal- the converts from the lower Hindu caste. It is
the plural of Razil, which means the ignoble.
60. If Hindu society wants to
survive, it would have to
proclaim loud and clear some
basic principles.
61. The society which is known as Hindu society
at present, is the national society of India.
Indian culture as nourished by the Sanatana
Dharma and flourishing through many schools
and sects, is the national culture of India.
The history of the Hindu society, is the history
of India.
India is one indivisible whole.
62. The imperialists of Islam &
Christianity have disappeared
from this country, and,
therefore, there remains no
place in this country for Islam
&Christianity.
63. The Communities which have
been crystallized in India as a
result the imperialistic
expansion of Islam &
Christianity, are our own people
& will have to be brought back
into the national society
64. The Hindu society is now ready
to hear that Islam is not a
dharma but a totalitarian and
imp realistic dogma.