Harold Delf Gillies was a pioneering New Zealand-born plastic surgeon who is considered the founder of modern plastic surgery. During World War I, he established one of the first plastic surgery units in the British Army to treat soldiers who had experienced severe facial injuries. He developed innovative new techniques like the pedicle tube flap and epithelial outlay technique to reconstruct damaged tissue. After the war, Gillies opened a private plastic surgery clinic and helped establish plastic surgery as a recognized medical specialty. He authored several influential textbooks on plastic surgery and trained hundreds of surgeons, establishing the principles of modern reconstructive and aesthetic plastic surgery.
MACS-Facelift (Minimal Access Cranial Suspension) is a procedure that leaves you looking fresher and youthful. People may not notice that you have had surgery, just that you look refreshed. The MACS-Lift helps to remove excessive jowling around the chin, deep creases that appear between your nose and mouth, and restores the outline of the jaw. The MACS-Lift is less invasive than other facelift procedures and leaves a shorter scar. This type of facelift will lift and hold up sagging tissues in the neck, cheeks, chin, or near the nose with suspension sutures in the deeper tissues. This operation is done on an outpatient basis while you are under local anesthesia.MACS FaceLift provides natural rejuvenation with shorter operative time, quicker recovery, and less potential for complications compared with traditional face lifts. Fat grafting and Blepharoplasty can enhance the final result.
Head and neck cancer reconstruction is arguably the
most challenging area of reconstruction for the reconstructive
surgeon. A clear understanding of the principles of use of local flaps and a comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of these flaps provides the head and neck surgeon with a plethora of local and regional options for primary and secondary reconstruction.
While many women desire round, lifted, and proportionate breasts, pregnancy, weight loss or gain, heredity, and age, can affect these goals. Breast augmentation, also known as breast enhancement or breast enlargement, allows a woman to increase the size of her breasts. Implants filled with silicone or saline can provide balance to their figure, while feeling surprisingly natural.
MACS-Facelift (Minimal Access Cranial Suspension) is a procedure that leaves you looking fresher and youthful. People may not notice that you have had surgery, just that you look refreshed. The MACS-Lift helps to remove excessive jowling around the chin, deep creases that appear between your nose and mouth, and restores the outline of the jaw. The MACS-Lift is less invasive than other facelift procedures and leaves a shorter scar. This type of facelift will lift and hold up sagging tissues in the neck, cheeks, chin, or near the nose with suspension sutures in the deeper tissues. This operation is done on an outpatient basis while you are under local anesthesia.MACS FaceLift provides natural rejuvenation with shorter operative time, quicker recovery, and less potential for complications compared with traditional face lifts. Fat grafting and Blepharoplasty can enhance the final result.
Head and neck cancer reconstruction is arguably the
most challenging area of reconstruction for the reconstructive
surgeon. A clear understanding of the principles of use of local flaps and a comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of these flaps provides the head and neck surgeon with a plethora of local and regional options for primary and secondary reconstruction.
While many women desire round, lifted, and proportionate breasts, pregnancy, weight loss or gain, heredity, and age, can affect these goals. Breast augmentation, also known as breast enhancement or breast enlargement, allows a woman to increase the size of her breasts. Implants filled with silicone or saline can provide balance to their figure, while feeling surprisingly natural.
Revidering av de grundläggande operativa principerna för plastikkirurgiHolm69
Plast- och rekonstruktiv kirurger upprätthåller det bredaste praktikområdet bland sina kirurgiska kollegor, som arbetar från topp till tå på patienter i alla åldrar. Att möta ett unikt spektrum av funktionella och kosmetiska problem dagligen bygger plastikkirurger på övergripande principer i stället för absolutism för att styra sin praxis.
www.plastikkirurggöteborg.nu
Dr Patrick Treacy looks back at the history of the use of ultrasound in fat reduction and examines where we are now. Therapeutic ultrasound (in contrast to diagnostic and
imaging modalities) has been used as a tool in medicine
for more than 50 years. The first ultrasonic machine
(lithotripter) used to destroy kidney stones was produced
by the German Aircraft manufacturer Dornier in Munich in
1980. In 1984, the company introduced the Dornier HM-3
(Human Model-3) and in that same year the FDA approved
the use of ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy)
in the United States for the treatment of renal calculi.
Plastic surgery is defined as any procedure used to correct or restore either form or function to a body part.
It deals with body modification and reconstructive surgery as well as surgery for aesthetically pleasing purposes.
12
Name:
Degree:
Output:
Media Arts
Undergraduate Dissertation
Title:
Demerits of Plastic Surgery
Abstract
Plastic surgeries have become part of many individuals' beauty living standards. Thus, plastic surgeries have been developed and helped by restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body by performing surgery. After that, cosmetic surgery formed and is classified as a branch of plastic surgery. Nowadays, many people are going under the knife for the sake of appearances, having one or more cosmetic surgery.
The research aims to show how plastic surgeries affected individuals and the world. Moreover, to display the factors that played a role in making plastic surgeries desirable such as social media and the high risks on health and society associated with cosmetic surgeries. The research will also discuss four cases of individuals who had cosmetic surgeries and how it impacted their life in a bad way. As more and more people have cosmetic surgeries, this research will serve as a tool to raise the knowledge of cosmetic surgeries' negative impacts on an individual and global scale. It will also give convincing evidence based on facts and statistics of why people shouldn't do cosmetic surgeries. This research will get to the root of the problem and thus serve to solve it as if you acknowledge a problem and work to fix it.
Thesis Issue
Plastic surgeries have a lot of great impacts which has also affected people who undergo this process negatively. It is reported that over 89% of people who consider plastic surgery are either unaware or have wrong information about plastic surgeries. The majority of these people are not well informed on the side effects that accompany plastic surgery. People are not concerned with carrying out research or significant information about plastic surgery. On the other hand, the plastic surgery experts are concerned with how they can have many clients to the extent of not providing preliminary information on the risks that come along with the desired results. Over 70% of plastic surgery clinics do not have pieces of equipment for emergency cases. Most of these clinics offer contractual services to experts to maximize their gains (Sung-wook and Ki-hwan 2013). Plastic surgery often causes physiological, social phobia, depression, and several plastic surgery-related disorders (Sansone & Sansone 2007). This research aims to inform about plastic surgery, demerits of plastic surgery, and a brief understanding of cosmetic surgery.
Keywords
Plastic surgery, Cosmetic surgery, Demerits, Clinics
Aim
The Demerits of Plastic Surgery
Objectives
i. To review the health risks associated with plastic surgeries.
ii. To review the economic effect of Plastic surgeries on individuals and the world.
Thesis Development
Plastic surgery is a procedure performed on a human's body to repair a body part damaged by an occurrence. It concerns tissues or skin repair. It is aimed at restoring tissue or skin function ...
12
Name:
Degree:
Output:
Media Arts
Undergraduate Dissertation
Title:
Demerits of Plastic Surgery
Abstract
Plastic surgeries have become part of many individuals' beauty living standards. Thus, plastic surgeries have been developed and helped by restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body by performing surgery. After that, cosmetic surgery formed and is classified as a branch of plastic surgery. Nowadays, many people are going under the knife for the sake of appearances, having one or more cosmetic surgery.
The research aims to show how plastic surgeries affected individuals and the world. Moreover, to display the factors that played a role in making plastic surgeries desirable such as social media and the high risks on health and society associated with cosmetic surgeries. The research will also discuss four cases of individuals who had cosmetic surgeries and how it impacted their life in a bad way. As more and more people have cosmetic surgeries, this research will serve as a tool to raise the knowledge of cosmetic surgeries' negative impacts on an individual and global scale. It will also give convincing evidence based on facts and statistics of why people shouldn't do cosmetic surgeries. This research will get to the root of the problem and thus serve to solve it as if you acknowledge a problem and work to fix it.
Thesis Issue
Plastic surgeries have a lot of great impacts which has also affected people who undergo this process negatively. It is reported that over 89% of people who consider plastic surgery are either unaware or have wrong information about plastic surgeries. The majority of these people are not well informed on the side effects that accompany plastic surgery. People are not concerned with carrying out research or significant information about plastic surgery. On the other hand, the plastic surgery experts are concerned with how they can have many clients to the extent of not providing preliminary information on the risks that come along with the desired results. Over 70% of plastic surgery clinics do not have pieces of equipment for emergency cases. Most of these clinics offer contractual services to experts to maximize their gains (Sung-wook and Ki-hwan 2013). Plastic surgery often causes physiological, social phobia, depression, and several plastic surgery-related disorders (Sansone & Sansone 2007). This research aims to inform about plastic surgery, demerits of plastic surgery, and a brief understanding of cosmetic surgery.
Keywords
Plastic surgery, Cosmetic surgery, Demerits, Clinics
Aim
The Demerits of Plastic Surgery
Objectives
i. To review the health risks associated with plastic surgeries.
ii. To review the economic effect of Plastic surgeries on individuals and the world.
Thesis Development
Plastic surgery is a procedure performed on a human's body to repair a body part damaged by an occurrence. It concerns tissues or skin repair. It is aimed at restoring tissue or skin function ...
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Sir harold delf gillies father of modern plastic surgery
1. SIR HAROLD DELF GILLIES
(Father of Modern Plastic Surgery)
Dr. Suiyibangbe
M.Ch plastic and Recontructive Surgery
2. Introduction
• Harold Delf Gillies:- Born 17 June 1882
Dunedin, New Zealand.
• Died:- 10 September 1960 (aged 78) The London
Clinic, Marylebone, London. Gilles suffered a slight cerebral
thrombosis while undertaking a major operation at the age
of 78 on the damaged leg of an 18-year-old girl on 3 August
1960.
• Occupation:- Otolaryngologist and pioneer plastic surgeon.
• Years active:- 1910-1960
• Known for:- Plastic surgery, sex reassignment surgery.
• Spouse:- Kathleen Margaret Jackson.
• Children:- Michael Thomas Gillies (son)
4. Aesthetic Reconstruction
Rhinoplasty, skin grafts and facial reconstructions have
been practised for centuries. However, it was New
Zealander Harold Delf Gillies who standardised these
techniques and established the discipline of ‘plastic
surgery’.
In 1920, his textbook “Plastic Surgery of the Face” was
published, setting down the principles of modern plastic
surgery ; principles which were adopted by surgeons from
every part of the world.
Gillies wrote his first textbook “Plastic Surgery of the
Face” in 1920 and,, with Ralph Millard completed “The
Principles and Art of Plastic Surgery” in 1958. As well as
being a fine surgeon , he was also a champion golfer and
inveterate practical joker.
5. Cont...
The First World War was a challenge to most surgeons.
The introduction of more destructive weapons resulted in
devastating injuries. In addition, in trench warfare the head
was more exposed than the rest of the body, and soldiers
faces was often shattered or burnt beyond recognition.
Despite the best effort of surgeons, many soldiers were left
hideously disfigured. Realising this need, a young surgeon
operating out of Aldershot hospital, England, began
performing operations which involved rebuilding the face by
taking tissue from other parts of the body.
6. Cont...
Gillies was a “versatile and brilliant man” who was entirely
devoted to his studies. When others would meet after
lectures for coffee and conversation, Gillies would go to his
room and continue studying.
That same year Gillies was made a Fellow of the Royal College
of Surgeons and awarded St. Bartholomews’ Luther Holden
Research Scholarship.
7. THE FOUNDER OF BRITISH PLASTIC
SURGERY
During world war 1, he meet Frenchman Auguste Valadier who
was experimenting with taking tissue from other parts of the
body – a process that greatly excited Gillies.
On the 11th of January 1916, Gillies was ordered by War Office to
Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot, “for special duty in
connection with Plastic Surgery”.
His request for a british unit has been granted: he was to be
Britian’s first plastic surgeon with full responsibility for getting
the Aldershot unit up and running. “ A Strange New Art”
8. Cont...
Rebuilding the face by taking tissue from other parts of the body
was not a new idea.
For centuries, Indian surgeons has been practising a form of
rhinoplasty, where crescent shaped flaps of skin were drawn from
the patients’ foreheads and fashioned into substitute noses.
During the 19th century, the French and Germans had developed a
technique whereby skin could be transferred from one part of the
body to another.
Indeed, by the time Gillies arrived on the scene, they had made
considerable progress in plastic work “ but appearance was of
secondary importance”
9. Cont...
“No one, it seemed, had given serious consideration to the
aesthetic side, not even the French, who might be thought
sensitive to it.”
For Gillies, plastic surgery not only involved restoring function
but also making the person look normal and sometimes more
beautiful than before.
He was driven by the idea that the surgeon should be creative,
imaginative – in fact an artist.
In addition to describing his work in written form, he was the
first person to make pictorial records of pre- and post- facial
reconstruction cases.
10. THE INNOVATOR
Seeking to make the patient look better necessitated some
major innovations. His most notable innovation, the pedicle
tube, came about purely by chance. While raising the skin from
patient’s shoulders, Gillies noticed its tendency to curl inwards.
Then came a flash of inspiration: “ If i stitched the edges of
those flaps together, might i not create a tube of living tissue
which would increase the blood supply to grafts, close them to
infection, and be far less liable to contract or degenerate as the
older methods were?
The horrific injuries suffered by Vicarage also led to another
major innovation, “ the idea suddenly came to me, a new way
of restoring function and appearance to reverted eyelids”. The
method that Gillies subsequently used on Vicarage became
known as the ‘epithelial outlay technique’.
11. Cont...
Gillies used what he called an ‘intranasal skin graft’
to correct a nose defect caused by leprosy. This
established a new principle in the treatment of facial
disfigurement from leprosy.
He also pioneered a new method for re- attaching
severed limbs. This involved de- gloving the
amputated section of skin and suturing the limb on
bone to bone, tendon to tendon, and nerve to nerve.
The technique proved successful and a similar
method is being used today.
12. FROM PLASTIC TO COSMETIC
Perhaps Gillies’ greatest innovation, if it can be called that,
was the pioneering of what is known today as ‘cosmetic
surgery’.
After the war, Gillies continued to operate on ex- servicemen,
his roll of patients slowly diminished. To compensate, he
established his own private clinic at 56 Queen Anne Street,
London.
Face lifts were not only the cosmetic changes gillies helped
pioneer. He and his cousin, Archibald Mclndoe, a fellow plastic
surgeon and New Zealander, published a paper in 1938 on
their mammaplasty technique devised for correcting breast
abnormalities.
13. Cont...
1920, Microtia reconstruction buried carved
costal under mastoid skin, then separated it
from head with a cervical flap.
Use of temporalis muscle transplantation for
upper/lower eyelid function in facial paralysis.
14. Walter Yeo, the first person
to receive plastic surgery,
before (left) and after(right)
skin flap surgery performed
by Sir Harold Delf Gillies in
1917.
The pictures of Walter's face
before the surgery are blurry
and hard to come by.
In the tragic accident he was
recorded as having lost both
his upper and lower eyelids.
The surgery was some of the
first to use a skin flap from
an unaffected area of the
body and paved the way for
a sudden rash of
improvements in this field
18. Figure 73-8 Some techniques for the
closure of scalp defects. A and B,
Rotation flaps.
C, Gillies' tripod technique
(1944).
D, Bipedicled flaps.
E, Double opposing rotation flaps. If
complete closure cannot be obtained,
split-thickness skin grafts are applied
over the pericranium to cover the
remaining exposed areas.
F, Kazanjian and Converse's crisscross
incisions through the frontalis muscle
or the galea aponeurotica to distend
the flaps and achieve closure of the
defect.
G, A large flap transposed over a
lateral scalp defect. The residual defect
is covered with a split-thickness
skin graft over the pericranium. (From
Marchac D: Deformities of the
forehead, scalp, and cranial vault. In
McCarthy
JG, ed: Plastic Surgery. Philadelphia,
WB Saunders, 1990:1538.)
19. Sex reasignment
• In 1946, he and a colleague
carried out one of the
first sex reassignment
surgeries from female to
male on Michael Dillon.
• In 1951 he and colleagues
carried out one of the first
modern sex reassignment
surgery from male to female
using a flap technique
on Roberta Cowell, which
became the standard for 40
years.
20. THE FATHER OF 20TH CENTURY PLASTIC
SURGERY
Between the Wars, the name Harold Delf Gillies
became synonymous with plastic surgery. Gillies was
undoubtedly the founding father of this newly
established discipline.
At the age of 78, he was given the Special Honorary
Citation of the American Society of Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery, in recognition of his
“development of the speciality of plastic surgery”,
and his “ outstanding scientific contributions to the
advancement of its practice”.
21. Cont...
Today Gillies is remembered each year when the
American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery gives out its Harold Delf Gillies award for best
science research paper.
In addition to Americans, Gillies had trained literally
hundreds of surgeons from the ‘dominions’.
There was no plastic surgery before he came.
Everything since then, no matter whose name be
attached to it, was started by Gillies, perfected by him
and handed on by him to lesser men, who have often
claimed it as their own.
22. PRINCIPLES (AS OUTLINED IN PRINCIPLES
AND ART OF PLASTIC SURGERY)
1. Observation is the basis of surgicalal diagnosis : There is no
better training for a surgeon than to be taught observation by
a physician.
2. Diagnose before you treat.
3. Make a plan and a pattern for this plan : Use paper, bandage
or jaconet shaped to the defect and carry out a pretence
operation in reverse. Do not rush in with a piece of skin
hoping it will fit.
4. Make a record : Start with a diagram in the notes. While you
operate have special methods recorded by Artists or Leica.
Follow up the case with the camera, for that is where most of
us slip up.
5. The lifeboat : It is well to have a reserve plan.
23. Cont...
6. A good style will get you through : Surgical style is the
expression of personality and training exhibited by the
movements of the fingers; its hallmark – dexterity and
gentleness.
7. Replace what is normal in a normal position and retain it
there: If some of the bones of the face have got out of place, it
is incumbent on you to put them back in place and hold them
there. If the soft tissue is too large for primary closure without
distortion, it is better to retain what is left in normal position
and so define the defect to be filled.
8. Treat the primary defect first : Borrow from Peter to pay Paul
when peter can afford it. When Mahomet is along way from the
mountain, try to move the mountain to Mahomet.
9. Losses must be replaced in kind : thus the eyebrow is grafted
from the hairy scalp, thin skin for an eyelid and thick for a palm.
24. Cont...
10. Do something positive : When a lacerated lip is a jig-saw puzzle, look for
landmarks and you can find two bits that definitely fit, put them together – at
least you will have made a vital first move.
11. Never throw anything away : In plastic surgery, never throw anything away
until you are sure you do not want it.
12. Never let routine methods become your master : Routine methods must be
mastered, but never let them master you. The answer to this question, how do
you make this or do that? Should be, as in all surgery, ‘Show me the case!’
13. Consult other specialists : The reaction of one man’s mind to another’s is
increased by the stimulus of sharing mutual problems.
14. Speed in surgery consist of not doing the same thing twice : It’s the old story
of the hare racing back and forth at terrific speed while the tortoise, without
retracing one step, slowly crosses the finish line.
15. The after care is as important as the planning or the surgery itself : Or, for
that matter, the surgery itself!. How futile it is to lose flap or graft for the lack of
the little postoperative care.
16. Never do today what can be honourably be put off till tomorrow : When in
doubt, don’t. It is well to remember that Time, although the plastic surgeons
most trenchant critic, is also his greatest ally.