This document provides information about crime prevention, security, and leadership. It discusses basic crime prevention tips for home and personal safety. It also covers topics like cell phone theft, car theft prevention, and bomb threats. The document then defines leadership and lists traits of good leaders. It describes different leadership styles, types of community leaders, and the roles and functions of a leader. The principles of situational, behavioral, and power-influence approaches to leadership are summarized.

1. COMPILATION
For
NSTP 2
(Prelims)
Submitted by: Mary Lyn B. Enguerra
Year & Section: BSTM 201
Submitted to:
Schedule: Saturday 11:00-2:00 pm

2. Module 06:
CRIME PREVENTION AND BASIC SECURITY FOR CIVIL DISTURBANCES
IN THE COMMUNITY
Introduction:
CRIME- An act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it and for which
punishment is imposed upon conviction.
General Topics:
CRIME PREVENTION- is everyone’s responsibility and not just the job of the members of the PNP and
AFP organizations.
I.
BASIC CRIME PREVENTION TIPS:
A. When you are at home:
1. Use the deadbolt locks on all exterior doors. Keep your doors locked at all times, even when you
are inside.
2. Make your home appear occupied when you go out by turning on the lights or radio.
3. Never let strangers in your home without checking their identification.
“Call their company or employer if you are not sure”
Install people hole in your door if possible and use it.
B. When you are out:
1. Make sure someone knows where you are going and when you expect to return.
2. Avoid dark deserted routes, even if they’re the shortest.
3. When you are driving, keep doors locked and windows up. If you have car trouble, be wary of
strangers who offer help. Stay in your car and ask them to call a service.
4. If a friend takes you home, ask the driver to wait until you are safety inside.
C. What if you are assaulted?
1. If the attacker is only after you purse or other valuables, don’t resist. Your life and safety are
worth more than your possessions.
2. Make conscious effort to get an accurate description of the attacker and call the police
immediately.
II.
“DO NOT FALL VICTIM to”
CELL PHONE SNATCHING >>
 Cell phone theft is on the rise and cell phone snatchers are getting bolder everyday.
 Easy preys are teenagers, students, employees and just about any cell phone over who
carelessly use or carry around their cell phone units in public places without due regard to their
security and safety.

3. THINGS TO REMEMBER:
Remember, when buying or selling stolen property is punishable under the “ANTI-FENCING
LAW” otherwise known as the PD 1621.
 The ANTI-FENCING LAW is a special law which imposes penalties on people who sell, dispose,
buy or acquire anything of which are stolen.
III.
CAR THEFT PREVENTION:
 Car theft is a worldwide crime. In most cases of car theft, vehicles are stolen while parked or
unattended while others were forcibly taken.
A. BASIC TIPS:
1. Install a mechanical burglar deterrent or electric burglar alarm.
2. Do not leave your car’s engine running anytime unless you are in the driver’s seat.
3. When you hire a personal driver, conduct a thorough background check to all of the
applicants.
Always require the following clearances:
@ Barangay Clearance
@Police Clearance
@ NBI Clearance
IV.
Traffic Management Office (TMO)
Highway Patrol Group (HPG)
 THEFT/SWINDLING:
 Do not entertain person whom you do not know, make sure that you understand the
person’s motives.
V.
BOMB THREAT PREVENTION:
 Bomb threats and bombing incidents are handiwork of terrorist.
Their objectives are to sow anxiety and fear in the mind of the people, harm civilians,
disrupt economic and business activities, and embarrass the community and the
government itself.

4. A. Four- Point Citizen Action in Case of Bomb Threats and Bombing Incidents:
1. Stay Calm.
2. Take proper precautions at home at work.
3. Report incidents or information to 117 immediately or other hotline numbers you know.
4. Organize monitoring groups in your neighborhood and in your workplace.
B. Basic Bomb Detection Guide:
Materials/Items to watch in case of bomb threat related inspections
1. Aluminum shell 2-4 inches in length which look an umbrella rod with sotanghon noodle
size wire that comes in pair.
2. Battery operated alarm clock (sometimes with two protruding rod.)
3. Black powder.
4. Oily stains which smell like gas/diesel.
UNDERSTANDING TERRORISM-Terrorists usually employ the weapon of fear in a complicated sort of
way.
II. FORMS OF MASS ACTIONS
STRIKE- any temporary stoppage of work by the concerned action of employees as a result of an
industrial dispute.
DEMONSTRATION- an expression of public feeling for or against something through peaceful meeting,
marches and others.
BOYCOTT- a combination formed for the purpose for or against the market of an individual or group of
individuals.
PICKETING- marching to and from the premises of an establishment involved in a dispute generally
accompanied by the carrying and display of a sign or placard or banner bearing statements in
connection with the dispute.
SOCIAL INTEGRATION, DISINTEGRATION AND DISORGANIZATION
To achieve a truly stable system of organization, there must be an integrated social order.

5. SOCIAL STABILITY AND INTEGRATION
A successful society is one which constitutes a relatively stable system of coordinated activities among
the members and which achieves a satisfactory adaptation to the physical environment (Sanchez &
Agpaoa, 1997:15).
PROCESSES OF DISORGANIZATION AND DISINTEGRATION
Clinard (1968) maintains that the term “social disorganization” implies a disruption of a previously
existing condition of organization which generally cannot be established.
MODULE 07:
OBJECTIVES:
Discuss the given definitions of leadership and community.
Identify the different traits, styles and types of a good leader.
Show good leadership among members in the group.
Appreciate differences among members of the community.
BASIC LEADERSHIP (Warren Bennis, On Becoming a Leader, 2009)
1. Leadership is a guiding vision.
2. Leadership is a passion.
3. Leadership is integrity which involves self-knowledge, candor and maturity
4. Leadership is maturity.
5. Leadership is daring.
SOURCES OF LEADERSHIP POWER
COMMON CONCERN:
Choose a strategy that leads to the confrontation of social problems.
Choose a strategy leading to confrontation with the social structure.
Participation
The most critical concern for leaders is participation, as a means of human dignity and expressing man’s
humanity.

6. Community Development
The leader’s target is the consumer of his services, the residents, the members, and the recipient.
Social Action
Redress a power imbalance and open up a service network.
DEFINITIONS:
L- Leadership is loyalty to God, country, and people.
E- Enthusiasm, energy to serve others.
A- Action, accomplishment, achievement.
D- Dedication, discipline, dignity, dependability, devotion, to duty, Determination, decisiveness, for the
general welfare.
E-Excellence, exemplary work for others to follow and emulate.
R- Reliability, responsibility, respect for the law and the rights of others
S- Sincerity, service, self-sacrifice, social justice to make life better for mankind, self-confidence.
H- Humility, honesty, honor, helpfulness, hard work.
I- Integrity, interest, initiative, idealism
P- Patience, perseverance, beyond partisanship, religion or creed, loves for peace, progress, and
prosperity for mankind and predictability.
BASIC LEADERSHIP STYLES
Style 1: DIRECTING. The leader provides specific instructions and closely supervises task
accomplishment.
Style 2: COACHING. The leader continues to direct and closely supervise task accomplishment,
Style 3: SUPPORTING. The leader participates and supports subordinates efforts toward task
accomplishment and shares responsibility for decision-making with them.
Style 4: DELEGATING. The leader turns over responsibility for decision-making and problem solving to
subordinates.
Gurus on people management (Kermally, 2006)
Warren Bennis: A leader…

7. Is innovative
Has responsibility for developing talent
Has to create a thriving work environment.
Rosabeth Moss Kanter
Should have conviction, commitment and effective communicators
Should be good listeners
Disregard the “boss” mentality and adopt the “partner” mentality
Peter Drucker
Treat people as human beings not as a general resource
Make your staff responsible for the work they do.
Lead by example.
ACTION-CENTERED LEADERSHIP
Pioneered by John Adair which focused on three areas of managing people
Task needs involves setting clear goals and objectives
Individual needs incorporate personal behavior and feelings
Basic Concepts of Action-centered leadership:
1. Leadership is about giving direction, providing inspiration, building teams, setting examples and
gaining acceptance.
2. An effective leader has to be enthusiastic, have integrity, be tough and fair, have humility and be
confident.
3. Leadership is a transferable skill.
TYPES OF A COMMUNITY LEADER
According to status
Formal leader- one who officially occupies a position as president, vice-president, king, etc.
Informal or contributing leader- one who has no official position but provides and contributes bright
ideas for the group
According to Managerial Grid
Autocrat- one who has very high regard for work but very little regard for workers.
Missionary- one who has a high concern for people.

8. Compromise- one who has equal concern for work and people.
Deserter- one who has very little concern for service and people
Executive- one who has the highest regard for service or work as well as for workers or people.
According to Manner of Participation
Autocratic- No participation of the group in decision-making.
Participatory- authority is decentralized. The group is involved in decision-making
Free rein- Leader depends on the group for decision-making
According to Democratic Practices
Authoritarian- One man decides for the entire group.
Democratic- The group is self-governing.
GENERAL TRAITS OF A LEADER
Bearing- dignified appearance and behavior
Courage- physical and moral ability to act in spite of danger or hardship
Decisiveness- ability to decide promptly and correctly at the proper time, and announce the decision
clearly and briefly with authority
Dependability- performance of duty with or without supervision
Endurance- physical and mental strength to continue or complete a task
Enthusiasm- interest on his work or task at hand
Initiative- ability to start an idea or work even in the absence of order
Integrity- good moral character
Judgment- power of mind to weigh factors affecting a problem and to decide properly.
Justice- impartial in dealing with others, giving credit when due and punishment when so demanded
Knowledge- professional knowledge on the job, understanding the characteristics of his subordinates.
Loyalty- sincerity and faithfulness.
Tact- ability to deal with people without hurting their feelings
Unselfishness- avoidance of personal consideration that gives advantage to others.

9. Force- ability to compel obedience.
FUNCTIONS OF A LEADER
Establishes well-defined patterns of organization, channels of communication, and ways of
getting jobs done.
Serve as spokesman and representative of the group.
Helps the group determine procedure in decision-making and carrying out of plans.
Initiates plan of actions.
Settles conflicts and difficulties in the group.
Clarifies duties and assists the groups organize itself.
Serves as guidance counselor.
Maintains membership cohesiveness, cooperation, develop the feeling that to stay is pleasant.
Works for the attainment of goals and objectives.
Delegates’ responsibility and authority to maximize participation and performance.
ROLES OF A LEADER
1. Model
2. Instructor
3. Personnel manager
4. Commander/ Supervisor
5. Custodian of his men’s welfare
6. Counselor
CLASSIFIED APPROACHES IN LEADERSHIP
Power-influence approach –sets to explain leadership effectiveness in terms of the amount of power
possessed by a leader and how power is exercised.
Behavior approach- it emphasizes the personal attributes of a leader focusing on the aspects of
managerial motivation and specific skills aside from personality traits or general intelligence.
Situational approach- it emphasizes the importance of situational factors such as the leader authority
and discretion, the nature of the work performed by the leader’s unit, subordinate’s a leader by
subordinated, peers, superiors and outsiders.

10. PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP
 Know your job
 Know yourself and seek for self-improvement
 Know your men and look out for their welfare
 your people informed
 Set the example
 Ensure that the task is understood, supervised, and accomplished
 Train your team as a team
 Make sound and timely decisions
 Seek responsibility and develop a sense of responsibility among subordinates
 Employ your command in accordance with its capabilities and take responsibility for your
action