Objectives: 1. To eliminate the superfluous procedure for two-stage dyeing compared to single-stage dyeing 2. To omit the shade match difficulty between cotton and polyester fiber. 3. To reduce the utility and chemical consumption 4. To reduce the water consumption thus less affluent. 5. To achieve economical savings.

1. Thanks to Our Honorable Teachers
Of
Dept. of Wet Process Engineering
Bangladesh University of Textiles
Tejgaon, Dhaka-1208

2. Welcome to my Presentation
Single Stage Dyeing of Polyester-Cotton
Blended Fabric with Indigo Vat Dye

3. Introduction
Cotton polyester blended fabric need double stage dyeing i.e. firstly dyeing of polyester part with disperse dye and
then dyeing of cotton part with reactive dye as a usual approach. This approach consume much time, much utility and
much labor time
By the experiment we are searching for a new method to dye both fiber in a single stage with indigo vat dye.
Carrier method and High temperature method have tested to carry out the dyeing process.
The word vat means “vessel”. Vat dyeing is a process that refers to dyeing that takes place in a bucket or vat.
The success rate of this new approaches have the potentiality to increase the sustainability due to reduction of
capacity utilization and opportunity to get environmental friendly operation.

4. Objectives
1. To eliminate the lengthy procedure for two stage dyeing compare to
single stage dyeing
2. To omit the shade match difficulty between cotton and polyester
fiber.
3. To reduce the utility and chemical consumption
4. To reduce the water consumption thus less effluent.
5. To achieve economical savings.

5. Polyester fibre is a manufactured fibre composed of synthetic linear macromolecules having in the chain at least
85% (by mass) of an ester of a diol and terephthalic acid. The most widely used polyester fibre is made from the
linear polymer polyethylene terephthalate and this polyester class is generally referred to simply as PET.
What is Polyester?
Fig: Chemical Structure of Polyester
What is Cotton ?
Cotton fibers are mainly made up of cellulose. Cotton cellulose is highly crystalline and oriented. α-cellulose is
distinct in its long and rigid molecular structure. The β-1, 4-D (+)-glucopyranose building blocks in long
cellulose chain are linked by 1, 4-glycocydic bonds.
Fig: Chemical structure of cotton fibre

6. Why Cotton-Polyester Blend?
The blend combines the comfort of cotton with the wrinkle resistance and sturdiness
of polyester. It makes clothing easier to launder and more comfortable. It is durable,
withstands higher temperatures and keeps its color longer. The material also dries
quickly, and you can iron it at a lower temperature than pure cotton

7. Materials Used
The following materials were used for the project:
Fabric (Polyester-cotton blended fabric : PC/CVC)
Dyestuff & Chemicals
Machineries
Materials for Test

8. Dyestuff used : Indanthrene RED, Indanthrene Blue
Chemicals Used for Dyeing With Vat Dye:
• Hydrose & Caustic for Vatting
• Wetting Agent
• Levelling Agent
• Sequestering Agent
• Acetic Acid
• Carrier (For carrier method only)
• Oxidizing Agent
• Salt

9. Fig: Dyes & Chemicals used for the Project

10. Machinery Used for Dyeing
• High temperature dyeing machine ( max 135°C)
• Moderate temperature dyeing machine (max 90°C)
Rotadyer

11. Equipment's
•Electric balance
•Measuring cylinder
•Beaker
•Stirrer
•Scissors
•pH paper
•Pipette
•Burner

12. Method
We examine the project in two methods with variety of recipes-
1. High temperature method
2. Carrier method

13. Typical Recipe:

14. Variation in Recipe
Sample no Shade% Method Temp (oC) pH
1
X %
(2/2.5/3/4)
Carrier 90
5
2 7
3 10
4
HT
125
7
5 7 then 10
6 10
7
130
7
8 7 then 10
9 10
10
135
7
11 7 then 10
12 10

15. Working Process Flow for Carrier Method

16. Working Process Flow for High Temp Method

17. Dyeing curve

18. After-treatment for carrier and HT method

19. K/s values for different parameter at carrier method
11.854
12.301
12.201
10
11
12
13
14
15
5 7 10
K/S
VALUES
PH VARIATION
For 2% shade
12.024
12.914
12.825
10
11
12
13
14
15
5 7 10
K/S
VALUE
PH VARIATION
For 2.5% shade

20. K/s values for different parameter at carrier method
12.463
12.981
12.901
10
11
12
13
14
15
5 7 10
K/S
VALUE
PH VARIATION
For 3% shade
13.089
13.601
13.475
10
11
12
13
14
15
5 7 10
K/S
VALUE
PH VARIATION
For 4% shade

21. K/s values for different parameter at high temperature method
12.812
12.019 11.995
13.589
13.012 12.984
13.856
13.267
12.651
10
11
12
13
14
15
pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10 pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10 pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10
125 130 135
K/S
VALUE
TEMPERATURE VARIATION
For 2% shade
12.981
12.145 12.107
13.654
13.269
13.183
13.957
13.478
12.894
10
11
12
13
14
15
pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10 pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10 pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10
125 130 135
K/S
VALUE
TEMPERATURE VARIATION
For 2.5% shade

22. K/s values for different parameter at high temperature method
13.578
13.045 13.026
13.789
13.467
13.252
13.973
13.589
13.387
10
11
12
13
14
15
pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10 pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10 pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10
125 130 135
K/S
VALUE
TEMOERATURE VARIATION
For 3% shade
13.895
13.537
13.428
13.953
13.568
13.427
13.983
13.628
13.475
10
11
12
13
14
15
pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10 pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10 pH 7 pH 7 → 10 pH 10
125 130 135
K/S
VALUE
TEMPERATURE VARIATION
For 4% shade

23. Carrier method (Wash fastness)
Shade% pH Variation Color change
Color stain
acetate cotton Nylon polyester acrylic wool
2%
5 3-4 4 4-5 3-4 4 4-5 4-5
7 4-5 3-4 4 4-5 3-4 4-5 4
10 4 3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 3-4 4-5
2.50%
5 3 4 4-5 3-4 4 4 3-4
7 3-4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4-5 4
10 4 4 4-5 4-5 3-4 4-5 4
3%
5 4 3-4 4 3 4 3-4 3-4
7 4-5 4 4-5 3-4 4-5 3-4 4
10 3-4 3-4 4-5 4 4 3 4-5
4%
5 3 4 4-5 3-4 4 3-4 4-5
7 3-4 4-5 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5 3-4
10 3 3-4 4 4-5 3-4 4 4

24. High temperature method(125°C) (Wash fastness)
Shade% pH Variation
Color
change
Color stain
acetate cotton Nylon polyester acrylic wool
2%
pH 7
4 3-4 4 4 4-5 3-4 4-5
pH 7 → 10 3-4 4-5 4-5 4 3-4 4-5 4
pH 10 4 4-5 4-5 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5
2.50%
pH 7
4-5 4 4 4-5 3-4 4 4
pH 7 → 10 4-5 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
pH 10 4-5 4-5 4 3-4 3-4 4-5 4
3%
pH 7 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4 3-4 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4 4 4 4-5 3-4 4 4
pH 10 4-5 3-4 3-4 4 4 4-5 4-5
4%
pH 7
4 4 4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4-5 4-5 3-4 4 3-4 4 4
pH 10 4 3-4 3-4 4-5 4 4-5 4-5

25. High temperature method(130°C) (Wash fastness)
Shade% pH Variation
Color
change
Color stain
acetate cotton Nylon polyester acrylic wool
2%
pH 7
4 4 4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4
pH 7 → 10 4-5 3-4 4-5 4-5 3-4 3-4 4
pH 10 4-5 4-5 4-5 3-4 4 4 4-5
2.50%
pH 7
3-4 4 4 4-5 4-5 3-4 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4 4 4-5 4 4-5 4 4-5
pH 10 4-5 3-4 4-5 4 4-5 3-4 3-4
3%
pH 7
4-5 4 4 4-5 4 4-5 4
pH 7 → 10 4 3-4 3-4 4-5 4 4 4-5
pH 10 3-4 4 4 4-5 4-5 3-4 3-4
4%
pH 7 4 4-5 3-4 3-4 4 4-5 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4-5 4 4-5 3-4 4 4-5 4-5
pH 10 4 4-5 4-5 4-5 3-4 3-4 4

26. High temperature method (135°C) (Wash fastness)
Shade% pH Variation Color change
Color stain
acetate cotton Nylon polyester acrylic wool
2%
pH 7
4 4 4 4-5 4-5 4 4
pH 7 → 10 4-5 3-4 4-5 3-4 3-4 3-4 4-5
pH 10 4 4-5 4-5 4 4 4-5 4-5
2.50%
pH 7
4-5 3-4 4 4-5 3-4 4-5 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4-5 4 4-5 4 3-4 3-4 4
pH 10 3-4 3-4 4 4-5 4 3-4
3%
pH 7 4 -5 4 4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4
pH 7 → 10 4-5 3-4 3-4 4 4-5 4 4-5
pH 10 4-5 4-5 4-5 3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5
4%
pH 7
4 4 3-4 3-4 3-4 4 4-5
pH 7 → 10 3-4 3-4 4-5 4 4-5 4-5 3-4
pH 10 3-4 4-5 4-5 4 3-4 4 4

27. Carrier method (Rubbing Fastness)
Shade% pH Variation
Rubbing Fastness
Dry Wet
2%
5 4-5 4
7 4 3-4
10 3 3
2.50%
5 3-4 3-4
7 3 3-4
10 3 3
3%
5 3 2
7 3-4 3
10 4 3-4
4%
5 4 3
7 4-5 4
10 3 3

28. High temperature method(125 )
Shade% pH Variation
Rubbing Fastness
Dry Wet
2%
pH 7
3-4 3
pH 7 → 10 3 3
pH 10 3-4 3-4
2.50%
pH 7
3 3-4
pH 7 → 10 3 3
pH 10 3 2
3%
pH 7
3-4 3
pH 7 → 10 3 3-4
pH 10 3 3
4%
pH 7
3-4 3
pH 7 → 10 3 3
pH 10 3 2-3

29. High Temperature Method (130°C)
Shade %
pH Variation
Rubbing Fastness
Dry Wet
2%
pH 7
3-4 3-4
pH 7 → 10 3 2
pH 10 3-4 3
2.50%
pH 7
3 3-4
pH 7 → 10 3-4 3
pH 10 3-4 3-4
3%
pH 7
3 3
pH 7 → 10 4-5 4
pH 10 3 3-4
4%
pH 7
3 3
pH 7 → 10 3 2
pH 10 3 2-3

30. High Temperature Method (135°C)
Shade% pH Variation
Rubbing Fastness
Dry Wet
2%
pH 7
3-4 3-4
pH 7 → 10 3 3-4
pH 10 3 3
2.50%
pH 7
3 2
pH 7 → 10 3-4 3-4
pH 10 3 3-4
3%
pH 7
4-5 4
pH 7 → 10 3-4 3-4
pH 10 3 3
4%
pH 7
3-4 3
pH 7 → 10 4 3-4
pH 10 4 4

31. Carrier Method (Perspiration fastness)
Shade% pH Variation Color change
Color stain
acetate cotton Nylon polyester acrylic wool
2%
5 3-4 4 4-5 4-5 4 4-5 3-4
7 4-5 3-4 4 4 4-5 4-5 4-5
10 4 4-5 4 4-5 4 3-4 3-4
2.50%
5 4 4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5
7 4-5 4 4 3-4 3-4 3-4 4-5
10 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4 4 4
3%
5 3-4 4-5 4 4-5 3-4 4-5 4-5
7 4 4 4 4-5 4 4-5 4
10 4 4-5 4-5 4 4-5 4-5 4-5
4%
5 4-5 4 3-4 3-4 4-5 3-4 4-5
7 3-4 4-5 4 3-4 3-4 4 4
10 4 4 4 4-5 4 4-5

32. High Temperature Method (125°C)
Shade% pH Variation
Color
change
Color stain
acetate cotton Nylon polyester acrylic wool
2%
pH 7
4 4 4-5 3-4 4-5 4 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4-5 4 4 4-5 3-4 4 4-5
pH 10 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5 4
2.50%
pH 7
3-4 4-5 4 3-4 4 4-5 3-4
pH 7 → 10 4 4 4-5 4 4-5 4-5 4-5
pH 10 4 3-4 4 4-5 4 3-4 3-4
3%
pH 7
3-4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4
pH 7 → 10 4 4 4 3-4 4 4-5 3-4
pH 10 3-4 4-5 4-5 4 4 4-5 4-5
4%
pH 7
4 3-4 4 4-5 3-4 4 4
pH 7 → 10 4-5 4 4-5 4 4-5 3-4 3-4
pH 10 4 4-5 4-5 3-4 4 4-5 4-5

33. High Temperature Method (130°C)
Shade% pH Variation
Color
change
Color stain
acetate cotton Nylon polyester acrylic wool
2%
pH 7
4-5 4-5 3-4 4-5 4-5 4 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4 4-5 4 3-4 4 3-4 4-5
pH 10 4 4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4
2.50%
pH 7
3-4 4 4 3-4 4 4 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4 3-4 4-5 4 4-5 3-4 4
pH 10 4 4-5 4 3-4 4-5 4-5 4
3%
pH 7
4-5 4 4-5 3-4 3-4 4 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4-5 4-5 4-5 3-4 4 4-5 4-5
pH 10 3-4 4 3-4 4 4-5 4 4-5
4%
pH 7
4 4-5 4 3-4 3-4 4 4
pH 7 → 10 4 4 4-5 4 3-4 4-5 4-5
pH 10 4-5 4 3-4 4 4-5 4 4

34. High Temperature Method (135°C)
Shade% pH Variation Color change
Color stain
acetate cotton Nylon polyester acrylic wool
2%
pH 7
4 4 4-5 4-5 3-4 4-5 4-5
pH 7 → 10 3-4 4 4 4-5 4 3-4 4-5
pH 10 4 4-5 3-4 4 4-5 4-5 3-4
2.50%
pH 7
4-5 4-5 4 4-5 4 4-5 4
pH 7 → 10 4 3-4 3-4 4 4 3-4 4-5
pH 10 4-5 4 4 3-4 4-5 4-5 3-4
3%
pH 7
4 4-5 3-4 4 4 4-5 4-5
pH 7 → 10 4-5 4 4-5 4-5 4 3-4 3-4
pH 10 4-5 4 4-5 3-4 4-5 4 4
4%
pH 7
3-4 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4-5 3-4
pH 7 → 10
4 4 3-4 3-4 3-4 4 4-5
pH 10 4 4-5 4 4 4-5 4-5 4

35. Our Recommendations
After Completing the Project work we come to a
decision that cotton-polyester blended fabric can
be dyed with Indigo vat dye at single stage in High
Temperature.
But It Needs More Research for Industrial
Implementation by overcoming the limitations.