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This document provides an overview of the differences between present simple and present continuous tenses, and between past simple and past continuous tenses in English grammar. It outlines the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of each tense and provides examples of when each tense is typically used, such as using present simple for routines/habits and present continuous for ongoing actions. It also notes that past simple is used for finished past actions while past continuous is used for ongoing past actions happening at a specific time.
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- 2. Outline ● Present simple VS. Present continuous ● Past simple VS. Past continuous
- 3. Present simple VS. Present continuous Present Simple AFFIRMATIVE Subject+ infinitive (3rd person singular: 's') I speak you speak he / she / it speaks we speak you speak they speak * All the verbs ending in -sh, -ss, -ch, -x and -o make the 33rdrd personperson singular '-es'.singular '-es'. Present continuous AFFIRMATIVE Form of 'be' and verb + ing I am speaking you are speaking he / she / it is speaking we are speaking you are speaking they are speaking
- 4. Present simple VS. Present continuous Present Simple NEGATIVE Subject + don't/doesn't + infinitive I don't speak you don't speak he / she / it doesn't speak we don't speak you don't speak they don't speak Present continuous NEGATIVE Form of 'be' (negative form) and verb + ing I am not speaking you aren't speaking he / she / it isn't speaking we aren't speaking you aren't speaking they aren't speaking
- 5. Present simple VS. Present continuous Present Simple INTERROGATIVE Do/ Does + subject + infinitive...? Do I speak...? Do you speak...? Does he / she / it speak...? Do we speak...? Do you speak...? Do they speak...? *Answers: Yes, she does No, she doesn't Present continuous INTERROGATIVE Form of 'be' + subject + verb -ing...? Am I speaking...? Are you speaking...? Is he / she / it speaking...? Are we speaking...? Are you speaking...? Are they speaking...? *Answers: Yes, she is No, she isn't
- 6. Present simple VS. Present continuous Present simple ● Routines and habits She plays football every Tuesday ● Facts He lives in London. Present continuous ● Things that are happening right now He is playing football at this moment.
- 7. Present simple VS. Present continuous Present simple ● always ● every ... ● often ● normally ● usually ● sometimes ● never ● first ● then Present continuous ● at the moment ● at this moment ● today ● now ● right now ● Listen! ● Look!
- 8. Past Simple VS. Past Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous AFFIRMATIVE Subject + Verb -ed I played you played he / she / it played we played you played they played * BE CAREFUL* BE CAREFUL with irregular verbs (2nd column): I bought a car AFFIRMATIVE Subject + was/were + verb -ing I was playing you were playing he / she / it was playing we were playing you were playing they were playing
- 9. Past Simple VS. Past Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous NEGATIVE Subject + didn't + infinitive I didn't play you didn't play he / she / it didn't play we didn't play You didn't play they didn't play NEGATIVE Subject + wasn't/ weren't + verb -ing I wasn't playing you weren't playing he / she / it wasn't playing we weren't playing you weren't playing they weren't playing
- 10. Past Simple VS. Past Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous INTERROGATIVE Did + subject + infinitive...? Did I play...? Did you play...? Did he / she / it play...? Did we play...? Did you play...? Did they play...? *Answers: Yes, he did No, he didn't NEGATIVE Was/ were+ subject + verb- ing...? Was I playing...? Were you playing...? Was he / she / it playing...? Were we playing...? Were you playing...? Were they playing...? *Answers: Yes, he was No, he wasn't
- 11. Past Simple VS. Past Continuous Past Simple ● Actions finished in the past He played the piano yesterday Past Continuous ● Actions that are happening at a particular moment in the past He was playing the piano at 6pm
- 12. Past Simple VS. Past Continuous ● The 'action' described by the past simple tense interrupts the 'situation' described by the past continuous tense. ● WHEN: It's normally used with PAST SIMPLE ● WHILE: It's normally used with PAST CONTINUOUS ● Example: She was writing a letter when the telephone rang
- 13. Past simple VS. Past continuous Past Simple ● yesterday ● two years ago ● last week/ last month... ● In 1945/ in 1965... Past Continuous ● at three o'clock/ at nine o'clock