The document introduces the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), which aims to create a single market by 2015. It discusses ASEAN's structure and key elements of economic integration like the ASEAN Free Trade Area. While progress has been made in reducing tariffs and facilitating the flow of goods, services and investment, ASEAN lacks strong central governance and enforcement mechanisms relative to groups like the EU. The development of the AEC faces tensions between further economic integration and members' reluctance to yield sovereignty.
Thailand is an important regional hub for several key industries such as automotive, aviation, and oil & gas. The automotive industry is the 10th largest in the world and Thailand produces over 2.5 million vehicles annually. Thailand is also working to become an aerospace hub in ASEAN, leveraging its position as a transportation hub with the 14th busiest airport globally. While political unrest may impact growth in the short-term, Thailand has strong long-term economic fundamentals and opportunities remain for European companies in sectors such as automotive parts, aviation technology, and oil & gas equipment and services.
The presentation talks about different types of parliamentary committees and why are they needed. It also concentrates on National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution and it's recommendations. It also focuses on ways to measure the efficiency of the parliamentary committees.
The document summarizes the administration and government of Thailand. It describes Thailand as a constitutional monarchy, with the king as head of state. The government has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch is led by the prime minister. Other topics covered include the capital Bangkok, religion (Theravada Buddhism is the majority), culture, and the ministries that make up the government. It also discusses local government, decentralization efforts, and details of the Thai civil service system, including recruitment, training, and limitations. Recommendations are made to address issues like corruption, lack of transparency, and procedural problems.
The document provides information on the administrative structure and governance in India. It discusses the roles and powers of key positions in central, state, and local administration including the President, Prime Minister, Governor, and local bodies like panchayats and municipalities. It also summarizes the mandates and recommendations of the First and Second Administrative Reforms Commissions in India which were tasked with reviewing and improving public administration.
The document summarizes the role and responsibilities of the Finance Commission of India. It discusses how the commission is constituted, the qualifications for members, their duties which include distributing taxes between central and state governments and determining grants. It provides details on the latest 13th Finance Commission which aims to reduce the fiscal deficit and government debt.
Oraganizational structure of the government at the centreDeepthi Shrikant
The document discusses the organizational structure of government in India at the central and state levels. It provides details on:
- India's constitutional framework which establishes it as a union of states with both central and state governments
- The administrative structures of the central government including the president, prime minister, and various ministries
- The administrative structures of state governments including the governor, chief minister, and councils of ministers
- Relations and powers shared between the central and state governments as outlined in the constitution
The Role of Finance Commission in The Indian Economy.Jitendra Kumar
The 15th Finance Commission was formed in November 2017 to define financial relations between central and state governments in India and recommend a formula for sharing tax revenue for five years. It examined fiscal issues and problems and made recommendations. The commission decreased the share of taxes devolved to states from 42% to 41% for 2020-21, with 1% allocated to newly formed Union Territories. The commission's revenue sharing formula updated criteria from the 14th Finance Commission, such as increasing the population weight from 10% to 15% and adding new criteria for forest ecology, demographic performance, and tax efficiency.
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government with the Prime Minister as head of government and President as head of state. Power is shared between the central government and state governments. The central government has authority over areas like defense, foreign policy, and taxation while states have powers in areas like agriculture, law, and order. India has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper house Rajya Sabha and lower house Lok Sabha. The ruling party in the Lok Sabha forms the government and its leader becomes Prime Minister. The two main political parties are the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Thailand is an important regional hub for several key industries such as automotive, aviation, and oil & gas. The automotive industry is the 10th largest in the world and Thailand produces over 2.5 million vehicles annually. Thailand is also working to become an aerospace hub in ASEAN, leveraging its position as a transportation hub with the 14th busiest airport globally. While political unrest may impact growth in the short-term, Thailand has strong long-term economic fundamentals and opportunities remain for European companies in sectors such as automotive parts, aviation technology, and oil & gas equipment and services.
The presentation talks about different types of parliamentary committees and why are they needed. It also concentrates on National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution and it's recommendations. It also focuses on ways to measure the efficiency of the parliamentary committees.
The document summarizes the administration and government of Thailand. It describes Thailand as a constitutional monarchy, with the king as head of state. The government has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch is led by the prime minister. Other topics covered include the capital Bangkok, religion (Theravada Buddhism is the majority), culture, and the ministries that make up the government. It also discusses local government, decentralization efforts, and details of the Thai civil service system, including recruitment, training, and limitations. Recommendations are made to address issues like corruption, lack of transparency, and procedural problems.
The document provides information on the administrative structure and governance in India. It discusses the roles and powers of key positions in central, state, and local administration including the President, Prime Minister, Governor, and local bodies like panchayats and municipalities. It also summarizes the mandates and recommendations of the First and Second Administrative Reforms Commissions in India which were tasked with reviewing and improving public administration.
The document summarizes the role and responsibilities of the Finance Commission of India. It discusses how the commission is constituted, the qualifications for members, their duties which include distributing taxes between central and state governments and determining grants. It provides details on the latest 13th Finance Commission which aims to reduce the fiscal deficit and government debt.
Oraganizational structure of the government at the centreDeepthi Shrikant
The document discusses the organizational structure of government in India at the central and state levels. It provides details on:
- India's constitutional framework which establishes it as a union of states with both central and state governments
- The administrative structures of the central government including the president, prime minister, and various ministries
- The administrative structures of state governments including the governor, chief minister, and councils of ministers
- Relations and powers shared between the central and state governments as outlined in the constitution
The Role of Finance Commission in The Indian Economy.Jitendra Kumar
The 15th Finance Commission was formed in November 2017 to define financial relations between central and state governments in India and recommend a formula for sharing tax revenue for five years. It examined fiscal issues and problems and made recommendations. The commission decreased the share of taxes devolved to states from 42% to 41% for 2020-21, with 1% allocated to newly formed Union Territories. The commission's revenue sharing formula updated criteria from the 14th Finance Commission, such as increasing the population weight from 10% to 15% and adding new criteria for forest ecology, demographic performance, and tax efficiency.
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government with the Prime Minister as head of government and President as head of state. Power is shared between the central government and state governments. The central government has authority over areas like defense, foreign policy, and taxation while states have powers in areas like agriculture, law, and order. India has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper house Rajya Sabha and lower house Lok Sabha. The ruling party in the Lok Sabha forms the government and its leader becomes Prime Minister. The two main political parties are the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party.
The document outlines the mission and operations of Ohio Veterans United (OVU), a non-partisan political action committee that supports veterans running for office and advocates for military and veteran issues. It includes OVU's mission statement, bylaws establishing its leadership structure and processes for endorsements. It also lists the current officers and congressional district chairs. Finally, it discusses OVU's public relations needs and candidate endorsement process.
The document discusses the history and role of the Indian Parliament. It notes that under colonial rule, people did not have a say in decision making but could openly criticize the government. It then summarizes the key functions of Parliament, including making laws, oversight of the government and cabinet, amending the constitution, and selecting the national government. The document also describes the roles of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in more detail.
corporate governance is booster in all aspects of activities cost reduction , profit maximization , it is relevant for NGO , Sole proprietor, partnership
The Election Commission of India is responsible for administering elections in the country. It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. The key functions of the Commission include being the guardian of free and fair elections through measures like the Model Code of Conduct, registering political parties, setting limits on election expenses, and prohibiting the publication of opinion polls. It also has quasi-judicial powers. The Commission aims to ensure that elections are held regularly and democratically through a large election machinery across states.
All organizations have a purpose and want to be successful in attaining that purpose which why many are recognizing the importance of corporate governance and of having someone responsible for it within their organization. The article unfolds such a goldmine of opportunities of providing services under corporate governance and at the same time given a perspective of the concept at both national and international level.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India, including its objectives to register trade unions and establish their legal status. It outlines various principles and functions of trade unions, including their basic, economic, welfare, legal, and political roles. It also describes the classification of trade unions based on purpose, membership, trade, and registration requirements. Finally, it discusses the rights and liabilities of registered trade unions, such as how their funds can be used and how separate political funds can be constituted.
This presentation discusses India's federal financial system and center-state financial relations. It explains that India follows a federal finance system with revenue and expenditures divided between the central and state governments. The central government can levy taxes listed in the Union List, while states can levy taxes in the State List. Taxes like income tax are shared according to principles set by the Finance Commission to ensure fiscal autonomy and responsibility. This system promotes independence, accountability, administrative efficiency and coordination between levels of government.
A few slides to act as triggers for classroom conversation about the structure and roles of central government in New Zealand. Feedback welcome.
You might prefer this video published in 2015 by parliament.nz: http://youtu.be/IiXib-LR6ZM.
- Canada has a parliamentary democracy with three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch includes the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch implements laws and includes the Queen, Prime Minister, and Cabinet. The judicial branch applies laws independently.
- The federal government has three levels - the Queen as head of state, the Prime Minister as head of government, and Parliament which passes laws. Provincial governments have similar structures without the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest court.
The document summarizes the key differences between a unitary system and federal system of government. In a unitary system, subnational governments are subordinate to the central government, whereas in a federal system there are multiple autonomous levels of government. The document then provides details on features of federalism like division of powers between levels of government and an independent judiciary. It also discusses examples of federalism in India including its three lists of powers and special status for some states.
India is a federal parliamentary republic with New Delhi as its capital. It has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper house Rajya Sabha and lower house Lok Sabha. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is elected from the majority party in the Lok Sabha. The two main political parties are the center-left Indian National Congress and the right-leaning Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, which currently holds power.
India has a multiparty democratic political system with three branches of government - executive, judiciary, and legislature. Key institutions include the Election Commission of India, which oversees national elections, and special constitutional provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir granting it autonomy. The document provides an overview of India's government structure at the federal and state levels.
The document discusses issues with Pakistan's current tax system and proposes reforms. It notes that the complex tax regime creates difficulties for businesses and discourages foreign investment. The system includes many withholding taxes that increase costs and are not present in peer countries. It is proposed that Pakistan establish an independent national tax authority to simplify laws, coordinate between federal and provincial authorities, and recruit tax officials through a single civil service. The goal is to establish a new social contract with taxpayers by making compliance less burdensome and growing the formal economy.
This document summarizes a chapter that examines issues with Pakistan's taxation system and proposes recommendations for tax harmonization across provinces. The chapter identifies a lack of coordination between federal and provincial tax authorities that results in duplicate taxation and increased costs for businesses. It also notes outdated tax bases and rates on services, property, agriculture and other sectors. The chapter recommends creating an oversight agency to enhance cooperation among federal and provincial governments. It also suggests revising taxable services, clearly defining taxation criteria, and establishing a mechanism for modifying tax revenues. The goal is to forge consensus on reforms and have a cohesive taxation framework that supports business growth and governmental objectives.
India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. These elections determine the composition of the government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency.The mainstay of a democratic society .Elections helps to solve the problem of succession in leadership and thus contributes to the continuation of democracy .
Responsibilities of elected representativesSaqib Rasheed
This document ‘responsibilities of elected representatives’ attempts to elucidate the vagueness prevailing between the prescribed constitutional duties of elected representatives and their assumed and expected role as being member of respective legislative assemblies. The teacher can teach and test the students about real duties of elected representatives with the help of this book.
The document discusses the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in India. The PAC examines reports from the Comptroller and Auditor General on the Indian government's expenditures to ensure accountability. It was established in 1921 and reports to Parliament. The 22-member committee, led by an opposition member, investigates instances of wasteful spending, lack of integrity, and compliance with parliamentary approvals. Notable probes include the 2011 2G spectrum scam and 2016 demonetization. The PAC plays a crucial role in transparency and oversight of public finances.
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government. The Prime Minister is the head of government and the President is the head of state. India has a multi-party system and holds elections regularly. It has the largest democracy based on population. Religion, caste, and regional divisions have influenced Indian politics. Corruption is a major issue that impacts the economy and trust in government.
1) Japan has the third largest economy but faces challenges from an aging population and shrinking workforce. It has a high debt-to-GDP ratio and has relied on policies like lifetime employment and low interest rates.
2) The Financial Services Agency is Japan's primary financial regulator and is responsible for supervision of banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions.
3) In addition to private banks, Japan has government financial institutions that promote specialized sectors. The postal savings system collects large deposits through post offices.
The document outlines the mission and operations of Ohio Veterans United (OVU), a non-partisan political action committee that supports veterans running for office and advocates for military and veteran issues. It includes OVU's mission statement, bylaws establishing its leadership structure and processes for endorsements. It also lists the current officers and congressional district chairs. Finally, it discusses OVU's public relations needs and candidate endorsement process.
The document discusses the history and role of the Indian Parliament. It notes that under colonial rule, people did not have a say in decision making but could openly criticize the government. It then summarizes the key functions of Parliament, including making laws, oversight of the government and cabinet, amending the constitution, and selecting the national government. The document also describes the roles of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha in more detail.
corporate governance is booster in all aspects of activities cost reduction , profit maximization , it is relevant for NGO , Sole proprietor, partnership
The Election Commission of India is responsible for administering elections in the country. It consists of a Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. The key functions of the Commission include being the guardian of free and fair elections through measures like the Model Code of Conduct, registering political parties, setting limits on election expenses, and prohibiting the publication of opinion polls. It also has quasi-judicial powers. The Commission aims to ensure that elections are held regularly and democratically through a large election machinery across states.
All organizations have a purpose and want to be successful in attaining that purpose which why many are recognizing the importance of corporate governance and of having someone responsible for it within their organization. The article unfolds such a goldmine of opportunities of providing services under corporate governance and at the same time given a perspective of the concept at both national and international level.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Trade Union Act of 1926 in India, including its objectives to register trade unions and establish their legal status. It outlines various principles and functions of trade unions, including their basic, economic, welfare, legal, and political roles. It also describes the classification of trade unions based on purpose, membership, trade, and registration requirements. Finally, it discusses the rights and liabilities of registered trade unions, such as how their funds can be used and how separate political funds can be constituted.
This presentation discusses India's federal financial system and center-state financial relations. It explains that India follows a federal finance system with revenue and expenditures divided between the central and state governments. The central government can levy taxes listed in the Union List, while states can levy taxes in the State List. Taxes like income tax are shared according to principles set by the Finance Commission to ensure fiscal autonomy and responsibility. This system promotes independence, accountability, administrative efficiency and coordination between levels of government.
A few slides to act as triggers for classroom conversation about the structure and roles of central government in New Zealand. Feedback welcome.
You might prefer this video published in 2015 by parliament.nz: http://youtu.be/IiXib-LR6ZM.
- Canada has a parliamentary democracy with three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch includes the Queen, Senate, and House of Commons. The executive branch implements laws and includes the Queen, Prime Minister, and Cabinet. The judicial branch applies laws independently.
- The federal government has three levels - the Queen as head of state, the Prime Minister as head of government, and Parliament which passes laws. Provincial governments have similar structures without the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest court.
The document summarizes the key differences between a unitary system and federal system of government. In a unitary system, subnational governments are subordinate to the central government, whereas in a federal system there are multiple autonomous levels of government. The document then provides details on features of federalism like division of powers between levels of government and an independent judiciary. It also discusses examples of federalism in India including its three lists of powers and special status for some states.
India is a federal parliamentary republic with New Delhi as its capital. It has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper house Rajya Sabha and lower house Lok Sabha. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is elected from the majority party in the Lok Sabha. The two main political parties are the center-left Indian National Congress and the right-leaning Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, which currently holds power.
India has a multiparty democratic political system with three branches of government - executive, judiciary, and legislature. Key institutions include the Election Commission of India, which oversees national elections, and special constitutional provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir granting it autonomy. The document provides an overview of India's government structure at the federal and state levels.
The document discusses issues with Pakistan's current tax system and proposes reforms. It notes that the complex tax regime creates difficulties for businesses and discourages foreign investment. The system includes many withholding taxes that increase costs and are not present in peer countries. It is proposed that Pakistan establish an independent national tax authority to simplify laws, coordinate between federal and provincial authorities, and recruit tax officials through a single civil service. The goal is to establish a new social contract with taxpayers by making compliance less burdensome and growing the formal economy.
This document summarizes a chapter that examines issues with Pakistan's taxation system and proposes recommendations for tax harmonization across provinces. The chapter identifies a lack of coordination between federal and provincial tax authorities that results in duplicate taxation and increased costs for businesses. It also notes outdated tax bases and rates on services, property, agriculture and other sectors. The chapter recommends creating an oversight agency to enhance cooperation among federal and provincial governments. It also suggests revising taxable services, clearly defining taxation criteria, and establishing a mechanism for modifying tax revenues. The goal is to forge consensus on reforms and have a cohesive taxation framework that supports business growth and governmental objectives.
India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. These elections determine the composition of the government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency.The mainstay of a democratic society .Elections helps to solve the problem of succession in leadership and thus contributes to the continuation of democracy .
Responsibilities of elected representativesSaqib Rasheed
This document ‘responsibilities of elected representatives’ attempts to elucidate the vagueness prevailing between the prescribed constitutional duties of elected representatives and their assumed and expected role as being member of respective legislative assemblies. The teacher can teach and test the students about real duties of elected representatives with the help of this book.
The document discusses the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in India. The PAC examines reports from the Comptroller and Auditor General on the Indian government's expenditures to ensure accountability. It was established in 1921 and reports to Parliament. The 22-member committee, led by an opposition member, investigates instances of wasteful spending, lack of integrity, and compliance with parliamentary approvals. Notable probes include the 2011 2G spectrum scam and 2016 demonetization. The PAC plays a crucial role in transparency and oversight of public finances.
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government. The Prime Minister is the head of government and the President is the head of state. India has a multi-party system and holds elections regularly. It has the largest democracy based on population. Religion, caste, and regional divisions have influenced Indian politics. Corruption is a major issue that impacts the economy and trust in government.
1) Japan has the third largest economy but faces challenges from an aging population and shrinking workforce. It has a high debt-to-GDP ratio and has relied on policies like lifetime employment and low interest rates.
2) The Financial Services Agency is Japan's primary financial regulator and is responsible for supervision of banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions.
3) In addition to private banks, Japan has government financial institutions that promote specialized sectors. The postal savings system collects large deposits through post offices.
Planning, mbo, strategy & decision making by arun vermaArun Verma
Planning involves defining goals, establishing strategies, and developing coordinated plans. There are two types of planning: informal planning which is not written down and has a short term focus, and formal planning which is written, specific, and long term. Managers plan to offset uncertainty, focus activity, and increase efficiency. Effective planning involves establishing goals, determining alternative courses of action, and selecting a course. There are different types of plans based on breadth, time frame, specificity, and frequency. The strategic management process involves identifying goals, analyzing internal/external factors, formulating strategies, implementing strategies, and evaluating results.
Lisa painted vinyl records from 2001-2005, interpreting the music into unique artworks. She researched the artist and album to develop custom designs for each record. Lisa sold over 30 of her first painted records within 3 months at a local CD retailer. Her business, Recollection Records, aimed to transform memories into art by painting records and providing background on the music and design interpretation. Lisa handled all aspects of the business including branding, sales, promotions and marketing.
Marketing of stocks by brokerage firms role of financial analystsArun Verma
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can have mental and physical health benefits over time by helping people feel more relaxed and focused.
RBC Shield: The Dangers, The Patent, The MarketsRBC Shield, LLC
A summary of the radiological, biological & chemical threats from terrorist attacks or industrial accidents; how the RBC Shield, LLC patented product works to protect homeowners, businesses, governement agencies, schools, medical facilities and others at risk; plus details of the patent licensing offer.
This document provides information about a company that recruits and places nurses from other countries to work in healthcare facilities in the United States. The company has 28 offices across 13 countries and the Philippines. It ensures nurses meet various ethical and quality standards. Hiring nurses from this company can help reduce costs and improve patient outcomes through better staffing levels and reduced errors and wait times. The process of recruiting and certifying an international nurse to work in the US takes 19-31 months and involves English language training, licensing exams, immigration paperwork, and orientation.
This document discusses invasive species management. It defines invasive species and explains what traits allow plants to become invasive. It emphasizes the importance of identifying invasive plants, understanding their biology, prioritizing which species to manage, and using integrated management methods. Effective management requires developing a detailed plan, using a variety of control techniques such as pulling, mowing, herbicide application, and monitoring over multiple seasons. Early detection and prevention of new invasives is crucial to success.
Opportunities and Pitfalls Fall Medtrade 10 Retail/Cash Sales Panelcweil
Learn from four successful home medical equipment retailers how they built their retail business and the strategies that keep customers coming in their doors.
Как стандартизирование бизнес-процессов, документации и отношений с сотрудниками поможе компаниям, работающим на рынке интернет-разработки развивать свой бизнес успешно!
Susan Wassel | Evolving Your Market & Using New Media to Capture the Wome...PaladinStaff
Women are increasingly using the internet for shopping, reading news, connecting with others, researching products, and managing personal business. Sharpie has evolved its marketing over the decades from labeling items to being used by celebrities for autographs. Sharpie now joins online conversations on social media, runs integrated campaigns across TV, print, and digital platforms, and partners with fashion designers to engage women. Through social media efforts like the Sharpie Squad and presence at fashion week, Sharpie saw increases in media impressions, website traffic, and social media followers, showing the effectiveness of integrating traditional and online marketing.
Marti Barletta | Women Make Chicago ChicPaladinStaff
The document discusses the power and influence of women in society and as consumers. It notes that contrary to common perceptions, women earn close to or more than men in many households and careers. It highlights statistics showing women's educational attainment, career advancement, business ownership, spending power and influence over purchasing. The document advocates marketing directly to women by focusing on relationships, feelings and stories rather than facts and features alone.
The document summarizes the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) which was established in 1967 and has 10 member countries. It describes ASEAN's establishment of a free trade area through reducing tariffs and eliminating non-tariff barriers to promote regional economic integration and create a single market of 500 million people. By 2002, tariffs had been reduced to 5% or less for most goods traded within ASEAN countries. The free trade area aims to eliminate all import duties by 2010-2015.
ASEAN has played an important role in facilitating regional economic integration in Asia Pacific. While ASEAN has established various agreements and initiatives to create a single market, such as ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS), and ASEAN Investment Area (AIA), there are still shortcomings including the speed and quality of integration as well as lack of political will and institutional capacity. However, ASEAN has emerged as a hub for regional economic cooperation and free trade agreements with major countries, demonstrating its importance for trade and investment connectivity in the wider Asia Pacific region.
The document summarizes several free trade agreements involving ASEAN countries:
1) The ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) agreement established a free trade area between ASEAN countries and China on January 1, 2010, creating a market of 1.91 billion consumers.
2) The ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) agreement signed in 2008 aims to further liberalize trade and investment between ASEAN countries and Japan, who have a combined GDP of $6.4 trillion.
3) The ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Area (AKFTA) agreement signed from 2005-2009 established preferential arrangements to reduce and eliminate tariffs between ASEAN countries and
Session 2 archanun how aec promote intra_asean trade evidence from thailandntuperc
To gain better understanding of prospects and challenges of AEC, the paper examines whether and how exporters actually respond to tariff preferential schemes of AEC. The core analysis in this paper is an analysis of FTA administrative records of Thailand over the decade ending in 2015. Firms applying AEC preferential schemes were for market access into the original ASEAN members. Products exported under the FTA preferential schemes are highly concentrated, dominated by 4 sectors, i.e. Automotive (both vehicles and auto parts), electrical appliances, petrochemical products, and processed foods. Among ASEAN members, Indonesia had the highest utilization rate, followed by the Philippines and Vietnam. By contrast, Malaysia, another major trading partners of Thailand within ASEAN, recorded rather low utilization rate, i.e. about one-fourth of total export. The high cost of compiling with ROO would explain the low utilization rate to a certain extent. There are also cumbersome in government procedures. The key policy inference is that ROO and their related administrative procedures would be an area where policy makers should pay attention.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It has since expanded to include 10 member countries and aims to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development while maintaining regional peace and stability. ASEAN faces challenges such as financial crises, transboundary haze pollution, and disputes but has taken steps like the ASEAN Surveillance Process and ASEAN+3 Financial Cooperation to prevent future crises and foster cooperation. ASEAN also presents many opportunities for economic growth and development across member countries in the coming years.
The document provides information about the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), including its establishment, membership, goals, challenges, and opportunities. Some key points:
- ASEAN was established in 1967 by 5 countries and now has 10 member countries.
- Its goals include accelerating economic growth, promoting regional peace and stability, and fostering cooperation across member states.
- Challenges have included the Asian financial crisis, haze pollution from forest fires, and conflicts like in Cambodia.
- Opportunities include a growing market of over 600 million people that is projected to become a $4 trillion economy by 2025 across diverse industries and sectors.
saarc literature member and observation.pptxsamgunthe38
The document summarizes the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), including its members, objectives, principles, and institutional set-up. It discusses areas of cooperation within SAARC such as agriculture, health, education, and connectivity. While public procurement is an important part of the economies of SAARC countries, it is not currently included as an official area of cooperation. The document proposes establishing a SAARC forum on public procurement to facilitate information sharing and promote efficiency through regional harmonization and training.
Dej-Udom & Associates ASEAN Legal and Business GuidePaul Brailsford
The Guide has pertinent, up-to-date information for every ASEAN member ranging from a country’s investment environment and taxation policies to its demographics and legal system.
Finance Ministry needs to shun statements which are not correct, in press rel...D Murali ☆
Finance Ministry needs to shun statements which are not correct, in press releases - T. N. Pandey - Article published in Business Advisor, dated July 10, 2016 - http://www.magzter.com/IN/Shrinikethan/Business-Advisor/Business/
The document discusses the SAARC process and opportunities for regional cooperation, with a focus on public procurement. It provides background on SAARC, including its members, objectives, and institutional structure. It notes that while public procurement represents a large portion of GDP in SAARC countries, it is not currently an official area of cooperation. The document outlines issues and opportunities regarding regional cooperation on public procurement standards, training, and dispute resolution. It also summarizes the discussions and decisions from past SAARC public procurement conferences regarding harmonization efforts.
The document summarizes the Preferential Trade Area of Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA), a regional economic organization established in 1981. The PTA's objectives are to promote economic cooperation and integration among member states, raise living standards, create a common market by 2000, and contribute to other African countries' development. It is funded by member state subscriptions and has organs like the Authority of Heads of State, Council of Ministers, committees to oversee sectors like trade and industry, and a secretariat to administer the organization. The PTA works to reduce trade barriers and harmonize customs within the region.
Cross-National Cooperation and agreements.pptxssuserb4feda
The document discusses various forms of economic integration between countries, from free trade areas to political unions. It provides examples like the European Union, NAFTA, and ASEAN. Economic integration aims to bring economies together as a single market by reducing barriers to trade and capital flows. The effects can include increased trade, investment, and economic growth, as well as impacts on jobs, incomes, and consumer welfare. Regional economic cooperation also seeks to boost competitiveness and stability. The World Trade Organization promotes global integration through trade liberalization and a rules-based trading system.
The document discusses free trade agreements (FTAs) in Southeast Asia and how they are utilized by exporters in the region. Some key points:
- Usage rates of existing FTAs among exporters in ASEAN countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam are surprisingly low, averaging only 26%.
- While most exporters see FTAs as important for their businesses' future success, many do not take advantage of them due to the complexity of agreement terms and lack of clarity on benefits.
- Existing FTAs have focused mainly on tariff reductions but have not significantly reduced non-tariff barriers; more comprehensive agreements are needed to truly liberalize trade.
- Exporters have high hopes that new
The role of LABUAN in the ASEAN Economic Community 2015Stephen Ong
This policy study discusses the role of Labuan in the new ASEAN Economic Community 2015 onwards as an international financial centre and offshore tax haven that allows money laundering of Malaysia's elites and tax evading crony capitalists...
H.E. Mr. bui thanh son, Asia Business Week DublinAsia Matters
Key Address by H.E. Mr. Bui Thanh Son, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, Vietnam speaking on June 6 at the Fourth EU Asia Top Economist Round Table during Asia Business Week Dublin 2014
The document discusses the Indo-Asean Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Some key points:
- The FTA aims to eliminate tariffs between India and ASEAN nations over a period of time through normal and sensitive tracks, with rules of origin requiring a minimum 35% value addition within ASEAN/India.
- It allows for non-tariff measures and safeguards by member countries. Tariff reductions will benefit certain Indian exports and imports from ASEAN nations.
- India's exports to ASEAN grew from $19 billion in 2008-2009 to $18 billion in 2009-2010, while imports increased from $25 billion to $26 billion over the same period. Specific industries may face
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The document provides information on various forms of cross-national cooperation and economic agreements between countries, including:
1) Bilateral, regional, and global integration agreements that give preference to member countries.
2) International organizations like the WTO and regional groups in Europe (EU, EFTA), Asia (ASEAN, APEC, SAARC, GCC), and Africa (SADC, COMESA) that aim to reduce trade barriers and foster economic cooperation.
3) Examples of regional economic communities like the EU that have advanced from free trade areas to customs unions and common markets with coordinated economic and political policies.
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- The AEC aims to create a single market and production base within ASEAN through initiatives like reducing tariffs, liberalizing trade in goods and services, and facilitating investment and skilled labor mobility.
- Significant progress has been made towards achieving the four pillars of the AEC: creating a single market, competitive economic region, equitable economic development, and greater global economic integration.
- Key accomplishments include eliminating over 99% of tariffs, liberalizing over 80 service sectors, establishing frameworks for investment and competition policy, and connecting infrastructure like power grids and highways.
- Future goals include fully implementing initiatives like the
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) came into force in 1995 and replaced the GATT Secretariat. The key bodies of the WTO include the Ministerial Conference, General Council, Trade Policy Review Body, Dispute Settlement Body, Councils on Trade in Goods and Services, Secretariat, and committees on Trade and Development and Trade and Environment. The Ministerial Conference is the governing body that meets every two years, while the General Council oversees day-to-day operations. The Dispute Settlement Body implements dispute resolution processes and the Secretariat administers the organization.
The document summarizes the history of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It discusses how following World War II, nations sought to establish international economic institutions including the IMF, World Bank and intended International Trade Organization (ITO) at the Bretton Woods conference. However, the ITO failed to be established, so the GATT became the provisional agreement to liberalize trade instead. The GATT was successful in reducing tariffs through negotiation rounds but protectionism shifted to non-tariff barriers. The WTO was established in 1995 through the Uruguay Round, strengthening trade rules and establishing new agreements on services, intellectual property, agriculture, and dispute
The document discusses rules governing industrial subsidies under World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements. It explains that the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) and the Agreement on Agriculture establish rules for industrial and agricultural subsidies respectively. The SCM Agreement categorizes subsidies as prohibited, actionable, or non-actionable depending on their trade distorting effects. Prohibited subsidies include export subsidies, while actionable subsidies can be challenged if they cause serious prejudice or injury to another country's industry. Developing countries receive special treatment including transitional periods to phase out certain subsidies.
Mandatory and voluntary product standardArun Verma
The document discusses mandatory and voluntary product standards as well as sanitary and phytosanitary regulations. It explains that countries often require imported products to meet domestic standards for health and safety reasons. The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade provides that such standards should not create unnecessary obstacles to trade and should be based on scientific evidence and internationally agreed standards. Voluntary standards can also affect trade if they differ significantly across countries. The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures establishes similar rules for sanitary and phytosanitary regulations of agricultural products.
This document discusses labor standards and the World Trade Organization. It makes the following key points:
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2. Mandating higher labor standards that exceed a country's level of productivity will push more workers into informal sectors with even poorer conditions rather than improving wages and conditions overall.
3. A better approach is for developed countries to assist workers impacted by trade through retraining programs, and for developing countries to continue economic development efforts through organizations like the World Bank to raise living standards over the long run.
This proforma invoice summarizes an export transaction between an exporter and a consignee. It lists key details such as the invoice and reference numbers, buyer and consignee information, country of origin, terms of delivery and payment, pre-carriage and transport details, description of goods, quantities, rates, and amounts. The total FOB value is declared, and the document is signed with a declaration that all particulars are true and correct.
This document discusses India's position and role in the Doha Round of trade negotiations. It makes the following key points:
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2) For India to achieve its legitimate position as a major global economic power, it needs to accelerate economic reforms to become a more attractive market and source of investment.
3) Currently India's share of global trade and foreign investment is much lower than what its size would warrant, and it lags behind competitors like China who have embraced further reforms.
This document compares free trade areas (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs) as forms of economic integration between countries.
FTAs eliminate tariffs between member countries but each country maintains its own external tariff. This requires rules of origin to determine which goods receive duty-free treatment. Rules of origin add complexity and costs. CUs establish a common external tariff for all member countries, eliminating the need for rules of origin and promoting efficiency. However, CUs require closer cooperation on revenue sharing.
Overall, the economic benefits of a CU outweigh those of an FTA due to reduced complexity from eliminating rules of origin and promoting efficient production and trade. A CU may be a desirable next step for economic
This document discusses regional trade agreements (RTAs) in the context of the Doha Development Agenda negotiations. It provides background on GATT/WTO provisions governing RTAs, analyzes the global trend of increasing RTAs, and examines how the "new regionalism" goes beyond early agreements. The document aims to identify issues of interest to India regarding making RTA rules more development-friendly. It recommends stricter RTA rules and unilateral trade policies to support developing country growth.
This document summarizes a paper on the impact of trade liberalization policies like the Doha Round on poverty in India. It finds that while trade openness and economic growth are positively correlated, direct government intervention is also needed to achieve targets like those in the Millennium Development Goals. Agriculture and labor-intensive industries like textiles have seen impacts, with liberalization both creating new opportunities but also challenges for some workers and sectors. The paper examines India's trade policies and performance in key sectors like agriculture, services, manufacturing and its role within the G20 negotiating bloc in the Doha Round.
The document discusses the potential impacts of India's entry into the WTO on its steel industry. Key impacts include: 1) Tariff reductions will have a moderate overall impact but affect high-end steel products more. 2) Eliminating import restrictions will significantly increase steel imports. 3) Opening domestic distribution markets and relaxing foreign investment rules will also encourage more imports. Overall the impact is expected to be negative for domestic steel producers but will emerge gradually as restrictions are removed over time. High-end steel products will face the most pressure from increased imports.
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The document discusses organizational structure and design. It defines organizational structure as the formal arrangement of jobs within an organization. Organizational design involves decisions about work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization/decentralization, and formalization. The document also discusses different types of departmentalization including functional, product, geographic, process, and customer. It examines factors that influence organizational structure such as strategy, size, technology, and environmental uncertainty. Finally, it outlines several common organizational designs including functional, divisional, team, matrix, project, boundaryless, and learning organizations.
Managers coordinate the work of others to accomplish organizational goals. There are three levels of management: first-line managers oversee non-managers, middle managers oversee first-line managers, and top managers make organization-wide decisions. Managers work in organizations, which are social units that work toward common goals. The main functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Managers make decisions, allocate resources, and direct others. Effective management achieves goals efficiently and effectively.
Administrative mgmt theories by arun vermaArun Verma
Administrative management theories play a vital role in developing effective organizational structures. Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy established principles of formal authority, merit-based positions, clearly defined job responsibilities, and hierarchical structures. While bureaucracy is still influential, modern organizations emphasize informal authority and empowering employees. Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management also influence efficiency, including specialization of labor, unity of command, equitable treatment of employees, and encouraging initiative and esprit de corps. Together, these classic theories remain relevant to organizational design and management today.
Planning, mbo, strategy & decision making by arun vermaArun Verma
This document defines and explains various aspects of planning for organizations. It discusses that planning involves defining goals, strategies, and coordinated plans. There are two types of planning - informal, short-term planning for units, and formal, long-term, written planning for the whole organization. Planning is important as it helps organizations focus on objectives, coordinate activities, and increase efficiency. Effective planning includes outcome statements, action statements, and supportive plans. Formal planning is linked to better financial performance when properly implemented. The document outlines the planning process and various types of plans based on factors like scope, time frame, and use.
This document discusses social marketing and behavior change. It aims to raise awareness among one billion Indian people about important social issues through mass movements and campaigns. Several organizations have come together to create campaigns targeted at youth and urban populations to inform them about their rights and responsibilities. The document then discusses the principles of social marketing, including understanding the target audience, promoting specific actions, offering incentives for behavior change, and considering competition. It provides examples of social marketing objectives and outlines the basic marketing principles, 4 P's of marketing, and 6 phases of developing a social marketing strategy and program.
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ASEAN
1. Introduction to the ASEAN Economic Community - International Law Office Page 1 of 4
Trade & Customs - Singapore
Introduction to the ASEAN Economic Community
Contributed by Hunton & Williams LLP
April 11 2008
Introduction
ASEAN Structure
ASEAN Free Trade Area
Other Aspects of the AEC
Free Trade Agreements
Outlook
Introduction
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was founded on August 8 1967 by Indonesia,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. They were subsequently joined by Brunei, Cambodia,
Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam. ASEAN activities are coordinated by the ASEAN Secretariat, which is based
in Jakarta, Indonesia.
ASEAN has emphasized regional cooperation on the three pillars of security and sociocultural and
economic integration. It has made most progress in economic integration and aims to create an ASEAN
Economic Community (AEC) by 2015. The AEC would have a combined population of over 566 million
people and a gross domestic product of over $1.173 trillion.
The foundation of the AEC is the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), a common external preferential tariff
scheme to promote the free flow of goods within ASEAN. Other elements of economic integration, such as
the free flow of investment and services and the elimination of non-tariff barriers, have been added by the
ASEAN leaders.
Through agreements such as the ASEAN Charter, signed in November 2007, ASEAN's leaders are
attempting to build a single market, but without either a strong central executive (comparable to the
European Commission in the European Union) or a well-developed body of laws and dispute settlement
mechanisms (like those of the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA)). ASEAN members'
historical reluctance to encourage either of these elements stems from a fear of impinging on ASEAN’s
long-held principles of non-interference and consensus. However, failure to integrate ASEAN's diverse
markets will mean a loss of investment and economic opportunities to regional competitors, such as China
and India. This tension between the need to integrate and the reluctance to yield national sovereignty is the
main factor affecting the development of the AEC.
ASEAN Structure
The supreme authority in ASEAN is the ASEAN Summit of national leaders. Decisions made at the summit
are intended to represent a consensus among the ASEAN nations, although the legal authority of such
decisions has not been tested. Summit meetings have been held annually, but the charter
foresees meetings twice a year, along with special meetings when necessary. The chairmanship rotates
among the members every year by alphabetical order.
The charter establishes councils at ministerial level to handle substantive matters. The ASEAN Economic
Community Council, formerly known as the ASEAN Economic Ministers meeting, will meet twice yearly and
coordinate the development of the AEC. The council is supported by the Senor Economic Officials Meeting,
a groupingof national-level beureaucrats that meets between the council meetings.
The charter also requires each member to station a permanent representative in Jakarta. A committee of
permanent representatives will liaise with the secretariat, ministerial councils and national secretariats to be
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2. Introduction to the ASEAN Economic Community - International Law Office Page 2 of 4
established within the members’ national governments.
The ASEAN Secretariat provides administrative support to ASEAN. The staff of the secretariat are hired
competitively on fixed-term contracts. The secretary general heads the secretariat and is appointed for
a five-year term. The nationality of the secretary general also rotates based on alphabetical order.
ASEAN Free Trade Area
Common Effective Preferential Tariff scheme
Unlike the European Union, the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) does not apply a common external tariff
on imported goods. Rather, each member may impose tariffs on goods entering from outside ASEAN based
on its national schedules. However, for goods originating within ASEAN, members must apply a tariff rate of
between 0% and 5%, although the most recent members - Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam - have
been given additional time to implement the reduced tariff rates. This is known as the Common Effective
Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme.
Members may exclude products from the CEPT in three cases:
Temporary exclusions are for products for which tariffs will ultimately be lowered to between 0% and 5%,
but which are being protected temporarily by a delay in tariff reductions;
An exclusion for sensitive agricultural products covers commodities such as rice - members have until
2010 to reduce the tariff levels to between 0% and 5%; and
General exceptions may apply to products which an ASEAN member deems necessary for the protection
of:
national security;
public morals;
human, animal or plant life and health; and
articles of artistic, historic or archaeological value.
Members have agreed to enact zero tariff rates on virtually all imports by 2010 for the original signatories
and 2015 for the four recent members.
Rule of origin
The CEPT applies only to goods originating within ASEAN. The general rule is that local ASEAN content
must constitute at least 40% of the free on board value of goods. The local ASEAN content can be
cumulative - that is, the value of material, labour and processing inputs from various ASEAN members can
be combined to meet the 40% requirement. Free on board value is calculated as the sum of:
the raw material cost;
the direct labour cost;
the direct overhead cost;
the profit; and
the inland transport cost.
However, special rules apply under certain regulations, namely:
the Change in Chapter Rule for Wheat Flour;
the Change of Tariff Subheading for Wood-Based Products; and
the Change in Tariff Classification for Certain Aluminium and Articles thereof.
The exporter must obtain a Form D certification from its national government attesting that the goods have
met the 40% requirement. The form must be presented to the customs authority of the importing
government to qualify for the CEPT rate. Difficulties have sometimes arisen regarding the evidentiary proof
needed to support such a claim and the question of how ASEAN national customs authorities can verify
Form D submissions. These difficulties arise because each authority interprets and implements the Form D
requirements without much coordination with the other authorities.
Administration
The administration of AFTA is handled by the national customs and trade authorities in each state. The
ASEAN Secretariat has authority to monitor and ensure compliance with AFTA measures, but has no legal
authority to enforce compliance. This has led to inconsistent rulings by ASEAN national authorities. The
charter is intended to bolster the secretariat’s ability to ensure consistent application of AFTA measures.
National authorities have traditionally been reluctant to share or cede sovereignty to authorities from other
ASEAN members, although ASEAN trade ministries routinely make cross-border visits to conduct on-site
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3. Introduction to the ASEAN Economic Community - International Law Office Page 3 of 4
inspections in anti-dumping investigations. Unlike in the European Union or NAFTA, joint teams to ensure
compliance and investigate non-compliance have not been widely used. Instead, ASEAN national
authorities must rely on the review and analysis of other ASEAN national authorities to determine whether
AFTA measures (eg, rule of origin) are being followed. Disagreements may result between the national
authorities. The secretariat may mediate in a dispute, but has no legal authority to resolve it.
ASEAN has attempted to improve customs coordination through the implementation of the Single Window
project, which would allow importers to make a single electronic submission of all information related to a
transaction. This information would then be shared with all other ASEAN national customs authorities.
Dispute resolution
Although the ASEAN national customs and trade authorities coordinate their activities, disputes can
arise. As the secretariat has no legal authority to resolve such disputes, they are resolved bilaterally by
informal means or through dispute resolution.
The Protocol on Enhanced Dispute Settlement Mechanisms governs formal dispute resolution in AFTA and
other aspects of ASEAN. Members may seek mediation and 'good offices' consultations. If these efforts are
ineffective, they may ask the Senior Economic Officials' Meeting to establish a panel of independent
arbitrators to review the dispute. Panel decisions can be appealed to an appellate body formed by the
Economic Community Council.
The protocol has almost never been invoked because of the role of the Senior Economic Officials
Meeting in the dispute resolution process. Its decisions require consensus between all ASEAN members
and since the aggrieved party and the alleged transgressor both participate, such consensus cannot be
achieved. This discourages members from invoking the protocol, and often they seek dispute resolution in
another forum, such as the World Trade Organization or the International Court of Justice. This can be
frustrating for companies affected by an AFTA dispute, as they have no right to initiate dispute resolution,
even if their home ASEAN government is unwilling to invoke the protocol. The secretary general has stated
that dispute resolution must be reformed if the AEC is to be administered properly.
Other Aspects of the AEC
ASEAN Investment Area
The ASEAN Investment Area (AIA) will encourage the free flow of investment within ASEAN. Its main
principles are:
the opening of all industries to investment, with exclusions to be phased out according to schedules;
the immediate granting of national treatment to ASEAN investors (with a few exceptions);
the elimination of impediments to investment;
the streamlining of investment processes and procedures;
enhanced transparency; and
the undertaking of measures to facilitate investment.
Full realization of the AIA and the removal of temporary exclusion lists in manufacturing, agriculture,
fisheries, forestry and mining are scheduled by 2010 for most ASEAN members and by 2015 for the newest
members.
ASEAN Framework Agreement on Trade in Services
The ASEAN Framework Agreement on Trade in Services was adopted at the Bangkok summit in December
1995. Members are negotiating intra-regional services liberalization in several sectors, including air
transport, business services, construction, financial services, maritime transport, telecommunications and
tourism. Although some sectors, such as air transport, have liberalized more rapidly, others remain the
subject of continued negotiation, as do efforts to expand the scope of the agreement.
ASEAN Industrial Cooperation Scheme
The ASEAN Industrial Cooperation Scheme provides an 'early harvest' of the CEPT scheme for companies
with cross-border operations within ASEAN. Companies must be incorporated in ASEAN with 30% or more
ASEAN-origin equity and must involve some form of resource sharing (such as shared technology, market
sharing or consolidated purchases of raw materials). The output of approved projects enjoy the CEPT rate
of 0% to 5% tariffs immediately, as do raw materials and intermediate products.
The scheme has provided an early indication of how the administration of further economic integration is
likely to proceed. The approval process was relatively slow and disjointed, with individual national
governments often applying inconsistent or contradictory criteria in assessing applications. The scheme
remains relevant in the newest member countries where implementation of the CEPT has a longer phase-in
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