The document provides information on the administrative structure and governance in India. It discusses the roles and powers of key positions in central, state, and local administration including the President, Prime Minister, Governor, and local bodies like panchayats and municipalities. It also summarizes the mandates and recommendations of the First and Second Administrative Reforms Commissions in India which were tasked with reviewing and improving public administration.

1. Submitted by,
K.V.Rajee
I MBA : A
Indian Administration and
Governance

2.  The National development is mainly depends on
good governance and proper administration.
 Our constitution provides well defined
administrative structure which includes central, state
and local governance.

3. Central
President
 Executive head of the state and first citizen of
India
 The executive powers vested in the president
are to be exercised on the advice of the
council of ministers responsible to the
parliament.
 The 42nd amendment to the constitution has
made it obligatory on the part of the president
to accept the advice of the council of ministers.

4. Qualifications
 Must be a citizen of India.
 Completed 35yrs in age
 Eligible to be a member of loksabha
 Must not hold any Government post

5. Election
 Article 54 and 55 lay down the procedure for
electing the president
 Indirectly elected through “Electoral College”.
 According to the 70th amendment Act 1992 the
expression ‘states’ includes the National
Capital Territory of Delhi and the Union
territory of Pondicherry.

6. Contd….
 Members of legislative councils have no right
to vote in the presidential election.
 The total voting strength of the parliament is
equal to the total voting strength of all state
assemblies together.

7. Vacancy
 In case of office falls vacant due to death,
resignation or removal, the vice president act
as president.
 The election is to be held within 6months of
the vacancy.

8. Powers
 Executive Powers
 Appoints PM
 Chief justice and judges of Supreme court
 Chairman and members of UPSC etc.

9.  Legislative Powers
 Can summon and dissolve loksabha
 Address both the houses jointly or separately
 Can send messages to both the houses, whether
with respect to a bill pending in the parliament.
 Nominates 12 members of Rajya Sabha

10. Contd..
 President has the power to veto with respect to
bill passed by the parliament
 Three types of veto powers
 Absolute Veto
 Suspense Veto
 Pocket Veto

11.  Financial Powers
 All money bills can originate in parliament only on
recommendation of president.
 No demand for a grant can be made except on
his recommendation.
 Appoints finance commission(after every 5yrs)
that recommends distribution of taxes between
union and state governments.

12. Vice
President
 Elected by both the houses
 The supreme court has the final and exclusive
jurisdiction for resolving disputes and doubts
relating to the elections of the vice president

13. Qualification
 Must be a citizen of India.
 Completed 35yrs in age
 Possess the qualification for membership of
Rajya sabha.
 Not hold any office of Profit under union,state
or local authority.
 Hold office for 5yrs. Can be re-elected.

14.  The Vice president takes over the office of the
president normally under these conditions
 vacant due to death of the president,
 resignation of the president,
 removal of the president.
 When he discharges the functions of the
president, the Vice president shall not perform
the duties of the office of the chairman of
Rajya sabha

15. Prime Minister
 Real executive authority
 He is the ex-officio chairman of the
 Planning commission
 National development council
 National Integration Council
 Inter state council

16. Powers
 Can recommend the dissolution of loksabha
before expiry
 Appoints the council of ministers
 Allocates portfolio
 Can ask a minister to resign and can get him
dismissed by president.
 Leader of house.

17. Council of Ministers
 The president has to act in accordance with the
advice of council of ministers
 Three types of ministers
 Minister of cabinet rank
Real policy makers
The cabinet meetings are not attended by
other minsiters.
 Minister of state
attached to a cabinet minister
 Deputy ministers
Don’t hold separate charge and collectively
responsible to the loksabha.

18. State
 Governor
 Nominal executive head
 Normally each state has its own Governor, but
under the 7th amendment act 1956, the same
person can be appointed as the governor one or
more states or Governor of union territory.
 Appointed by the president on the
recommendations of union council of minsiters

19. Qualifications
 Must be a citizen of india.
 Completed 35yrs in age
 Shouldn’t be a member of either house of
parliament.
 Must possess the qualification for membership
of state legislature.
 Mustn’t hold any office of profit.

20. Powers
 Executive powers
 Appoints CM
 Council of ministers
 Advocate general of the state and election
commissioner of the state

21.  Legislative Powers
 Summons and dissolves the state legislature
 Address the first session of state legislature after
election and at the beginning of each new
session.
 Send messages to state legislature on bills
pending before it.
 Appoints 1/6th members of legislative council

22.  Financial powers
 Ensures that the budget is laid.
 All money bills can be introduced on his
recommendation only.

23. Chief Minister
 Real executive head of the Govt at the state
level
 Appointed by governor
 Other ministers are appointed by governor on
the advice of the chief minister
 If CM resigns, entire ministry resigns
 A person who is not a member of state
legislature can be appointed, but he has to get
himself elected within 6mnths.

24. Local
 Village (rural) Administration:
Panchayati Raj: Basic unit of Administration in
India, comprising of three levels -
1. Gram (Village) - Gram Panchayat (for one
or more than one village)
2. Taluka/Tehsil (Block) - Panchayat Samiti
3. Zila (District) - Zila Panchayat

25. Gram Panchayat elects one Sarpanch and
other members.
Powers and responsibilities of Gram
Panchayat:
1. Preparation of the economic development
plan and social justice plan.
2. Implementation of schemes for economic
development and social justice.
3. To levy and collect appropriate taxes, duties,
tolls and fees.

26.  Zila Panchayat Chief of administration is an
IAS officer and other members are elected by
the Gram Panchayats and Panchayat Samitis.

27. City (urban) Administration
 Municipal Corporation :
 The Municipal Corporations are also
known as Mahanagar Palikas or Mahanagar
Nigams.
 Each corporation has a committee which
consists of a Mayor and Councilors.
 Mayor is the head.
 The members of the Municipal Corporations
are elected directly by the people for a term of five
years.
 The seats are reserved for women, SC and
ST.
 Elected by the voters, whereas one Mayor
elected separately.

28.  Municipality : Cities having more than 1,00,000
population
 From every ward, a member is elected
whereas Chairman is elected separately

29.  Nagar Panchayat:
 Population more than 11,000 but less than 25,000.

30. ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS
 “Administrative reform is a process that
involves enhancement in the capacity of an
administrative system to achieve its assigned
goals”.

31. The Administrative Reforms
Commission
 The Administrative Reforms Commission
or ARC is the committee appointed by the
Government of India for giving
recommendations for reviewing the public
administration system of India.
 The first ARC was established on 5 January
1966
 The Second Administrative Reforms
Commission (ARC) was constituted on
31.08,2005

32. First Administrative Reforms
Commission
 The first ARC was constituted by the Ministry
of Home Affairs under Government of India by
resolution no. 40/3/65-AR(P) dated 5 January
1966.
 In the resolution, the composition of the ARC,
the mandate of the commission and the
procedures to be followed were described.

33.  Mandate
 The Commission was mandated to give
consideration to the need for ensuring the
highest standards of efficiency and
integrity in the public services
 for making public administration a fit
instrument for carrying out the social and
economic policies of the Government and
achieving social and economic goals of
development, as also one which is responsive
to the people.

34.  The machinery of the Government of India and its
procedures of work;
 The machinery for planning at all levels;
 Center-State relationships;
 Financial administration;
 Personnel administration;
 Economic administration;
 Administration at the State level;
 District administration;
 Agricultural administration; and
 Problems of redress of citizens grievances

35.  Exclusions
 The Commission may exclude from its purview
the detailed examination of administration of
defence, railways, external affairs, security and
intelligence work, as also subjects such as
educational administration already being
examined by a separate commission.
 The Commission will, however, be free to take the
problems of these sectors into account in
recommending reorganization of the machinery of
the Government as a whole or of any of its
common service agencies

36.  Recommendation Reports
 The Commission submitted the following 20 reports before
winding up in mid-1970s:[1]
 Problems of Redress of Citizens Grievances (Interim)
 Machinery for Planning
 Public Sector Undertakings
 Finance, Accounts & Audit
 Machinery for Planning (Final)
 Economic Administration
 The Machinery of GOI and its procedures of work
 Life Insurance Administration
 Central Direct Taxes Administration

37.  Administration of UTs & NEFA
 Personnel Administration
 Delegation of Financial & Administrative Powers
 Center-State Relationships
 State Administration
 Small Scale Sector
 Railways
 Treasuries
 Reserve Bank of India
 Posts and Telegraphs
 Scientific Departments

38. Second Administrative Reforms
Commission-5 August 2005
 The Second ARC was set up with a resolution
no. K-11022/9/2004-RC of the Government of
India as a committee of inquiry to prepare a
detailed blueprint for revamping the public
administration system

39.  Mandate
 The Commission was given the mandate to
suggest measures to achieve a proactive,
responsive, accountable, sustainable and
efficient administration for the country at all
levels of the government.

40. Exclusions
 The Commission was to exclude from its
purview the detailed examination of
administration of defence, railways, external
affairs, security and intelligence etc.

41.  Working of Second ARC
 The Commission will devise its own
procedures and may appoint committees,
consultants/advisers to assist it.
 The Commission may take into account the
existing material and reports available on the
subject