Site specific recombination and transposition.........pdf
Sikkim flora
1. Sikkim flora
SIKKIM CAN BE BASICALLY DIVIDED INTO THREE ZONES. THE TROPICAL FROM ALMOST SEA LEVEL
TO ABOUT 5000 FEET, THE TEMPERATE FROM 5000 TO 11000 FEET AND THE ALPINE ABOVE 11000
FEET. TILL 10000 FEET, THERE ARE TERRACED FARMLANDS IN WHICH THE RICE, MAIZE, BARLEY
AND MILLET ARE GROWN.
2. Hydrangea flower of sikkim
HYDRANGEA FLOWER IS VERY COMMON IN ASIA MAINLY IN HIMALAYAN MOUNTAIN REGIONS.THE FLOWER GROWS AT AN
ALTITUDE OF 1000 TO 3000 METERS.FLOWER COLOUR DEPENDS UPON THE ACIDITY OF BASICITY OF SOIL.IN ACIDIC SOIL
THERE ARE AVILABILITY OF ALUMINIUM IONS SO THEY GROW BLUE WHEREAS IN ALKALINE SOIL THEY ARE PINK TO RED.THE
FLOWERS ARE BIG AND GROWS AT THE TOP OF BRANCH WITH CLUSTERS OF TEPALS.THE FLOWER GROWS DURING
MONSOON TIME AND FOUND GANGTOK ,LACHUNG,LACHEN,PELLING EVERYWHERE IN SIKKIM WITHIN ALTITUDE 1000-
3000 METERS. THE ABOVE PICTURE IS TAKEN AT MANGAN ,SIKKIM.
4. ANGEL’S TRUMPET(BRUGMANSIA)
THEY ARE WOODY TREES OR SHRUBS, WITH PENDULOUS FLOWERS, AND HAVE NO SPINES ON THEIR FRUIT. THEIR
LARGE, FRAGRANT FLOWERS GIVE THEM THEIR COMMON NAME OF ANGEL'S TRUMPETS, A NAME SOMETIMES USED
FOR THE CLOSELY RELATED GENUS DATURA.THE FLOWER COLOUR VARIES FROM YELLOW ,PINK TO WHITE BUT THE WHITE
FLOWERS ARE VERY COMMON.
5. PINK ANGEL’S TRUMPET
THE PLANT OF BRUGMANSIA IS EXTREMELY TOXIC ESPECIALLY SEEDS AND LEAVES.THE FLOWERS HAVE BEAUTIFUL
COLOURS AND AROMA FOR ATTRACTING POLLINATING MOTHS.THE TOXINS ARE SCOPOLAMINE,HYOSCYAMINE
AND OTHER TROPAN ALKALOIDS.EFFECT OF INGESION INCLUDES PARALYSIS OF SMOOTH
MUSCLES,MYRIDIASIS,HALLUCINATIONS,DRY MOUTH AND DEATH.THE FLOWERS ARE FOUND WIDELY IN EVERY
PARTS OF SIKKIM MAINLY IN GANGTOK,PELLING ETC.
7. Orange day lily(Hemerocallis fulva)
THIS IS AN ORNAMENTAL PLANT IN HIMALAYAN MOUNTAIN RANGE.THE FLOWER IS USED TO DECORATE
GARDENS AND HAVE A BRIGHT ORANGE COLOUR WITH A CENTRAL DARK LINE IN EACH TEPAL.
8. PURPLE FOX GLOVE(DIGITALIS PURPUREA)
THIS PLANT IS VERY COMMON IN YUMTHANG VALLEY .THE FLOWERS ARE
PURPLE TO PINK IN COLOUR.
9. COMPOUNDS IN FOXGLOVES
THE FLOWERS CONTAINS DIGITOXIN WHICH IS A POTENT TOXIN FOR US
BUT A SMALL DOSAGE OF DIGITOXIN IS BENEFICIAL FOR HEALTH AS IT
CURES SOME HEART CONDITIONS.
10. Rhododendrons Flower
THE FLOWERS ARE VERY COMMON IN YUMTHUNG VALLEY,( ALT-12,000 FEET)SIKKIM AND PRODUCED THE
BEAUTY OF THE VALLEY FROM FEBRUARY TO MID JUNE AT THE TIME OF BLOOMING.THE FLOWERS ARE VERY
COLOURFUL AND STATE FLOWER OF SIKKIM. THE FLOWERS CONTAINS GRAYANOTOXIN ,A POTENT
NEUROTOXIN.
11. CHINA ROSE
THE FLOWER GROWS AT AN ALTITUDE OF 1000-2000 FEET IN THE
HIMALAYAN MOUNTAIN REGION IN NAMCHI.
12. ROSE
THE FLOWERS ARE VERY BIG AND OCCURS AT PELLING,NAMCHI
ALTITUDE RANGE 1000-2500FEET. FLOWERS ARE VERY BIG IN SIZE
CLUSTERED AS IN THE IMAGE.
13. TREE FERN
THE PLANT IS FOUND ALMOST EVERYWHERE IN SIKKIM AND GROWING
ALTITUDE RANGE IS 1000-5000 FEET .
14. BAMBOO TREE
THE TREE IS VERY COMMON IN THE HIMALAYAN RANGE WITH THEIR
OCCURANCE AT AN ALT OF 1000-8000 FEET.THERE ARE TWO TYPES BAMBOO
ONE IS BIG AND WIDER AS IN IMAGE AND OTHER IS SLENDER .THE PICTURE IS
AT NAMCHI .
16. JUNIPERUS RECURVA
THE PLANT IS VERY COMMON IN SIKKIM AND FOUND ALMOST EVERY
PLACES BUT MORE POPULATION IS SEEN AT PELLING.THE LEAVES ARE
BURNED TO PRODUCE AROMA OR AS DHUP.IN
17. PINE PLANTS ON MOUNTAIN RANGE
PINE PLANTS ON THE MOUNTAIN RANGE OF HIMALAYAS.THE PLANTS
ADAPTED THEMSELVES AS CONE SHAPE .
18.
19. DENDROCALAMUS SP.
THIS IS ANOTHER COMMON BAMBOO SPECIES OF SIKKIM FOUND IN A
GREATER DIVERSITY IN AN ALTITUDE RANGE 1000-2000 METERS.
21. Lichen growth on rocks
At altitude 14,400 feet or above no big trees survive but there are
lichen,bryophytes and algae on rocks. The picture is taken at zero point
,sikkim
22. Grasses grown in a very high altitude around 13,200 feet covered with
snow due to heavy snowfall.
