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Pharmacognostic study of Belladonna or Belladonna herb
1.
2. TOPIC : BELLADONNA HERB
SUBMITTED TO :
MR. MOHD. FAHIM SIR
PRESENTED BY :
DHARMAVIR VERMA
3. SNYNONYMS : Belladonna Leaf , Belladonna Herb,
Belladonna Folium Sag-angur Patti (Hindi)
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE : It consist dried leaf and sub
arial part of the plant Atropa belladonna Linn.
FAMILY : Solanaceae
GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE : It is indigenous and
cultivated in England and other Europian contries .
In India it is found in the Western Himalayasfrom
simla to kasmir and the some area of Himanchal
Pradesh .
4.
5. Cultivation of belladonna at an altitude of 1400 m
from sea level is found to be satisfactory.
Belladonna barries are crushed to get the sea for
cultivation .
Proper processing like washing and sieving is
performed .
Onlu healthy seed are used for cultivation .
Seeds are sown by broadcasting method in well
prepared beds with the application of fungicide like
diathon.
Sowing is done in may and july.
6. The seedling are ready for transplantation by the end
of September.
Fertilizers like urea, potash and suparphosphate are
given as per needs
Insacticidalsprays like sevin are tried when the
plants reaches maturity.
The leaves and as well as the flowering tops are cut
& sundried .
During drying is taken to retain the green colour .
The yield per hectare is found to be 200 to 600kg.
7. COLOUR : LEAVES – Green to brownish green.
FLOWERS – Purple to yellowish brown.
FRUITS – Green to brown.
ODOUR : Slight and characteristics.
TASTE : Bitter and acrid
SIZE : LEAVES – 5 to 25cm long & 2.5 to 12cm wide.
FLOWERS – Corolla 2.5cm long & 1.5cm wide.
FRUITS – About 10cm in diameter .
SHAPE : LEAVES – Ovate , lanceolate .
FlOWERS – Campanulare and small reflexed lobes.
FRUITS – Sub-globular in shape.
8.
9. The T. S. Belladonna Leaf is shows-
Dorsiventral leaf
Collenchyma above & below the mid rib
Unicellular covering trichomes and unicellular
glandular trichomes
Micrisphanoidal calcium oxalate crystals
The palisade ratio is 5 to 7.
10.
11. The total alkaloidal content of drug is 0.4 to 1%&
varies in different part of plant roots (0.6), stems
(0.05), leaves (0.4), unripe and ripe berries (0.19-
0.21), and seeds(0.33%).
The main alkaloids are 1-hyoscyamine and its
racrmic form atropine.
Drug also contains belladinine, scopoletin, hyoscine,
pyridine & N-methyl pyrroline.
The later two are the volatile bases.
12.
13. Belladonna is used as a sadative, to stop bronchial
spasms in asthma and whooping cough, and as a
cold and fever.
It is also used for parkinsin’s diease, (brain
disorderthat couses gradual loss of muscle control.)
and as a painkillar.
Cerebral sedative (reduce excitement)
Antimuscarinic effect (acts peripherally to produce
parasympathetic inhibition).
It is also used in Neuralgia, Rheumatism, sciatica
(leg oain coused back bonr pushing on sciatic nerve)
Exessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)