This document discusses the signs, symptoms, and risk factors of osteoporosis. In the early stages there are typically no symptoms, but as it progresses people may experience back pain, loss of height, and fractures from minor injuries. Risk factors include being female, older age, white or Asian race, family history, small body frame, hormone imbalances, low calcium intake, gastrointestinal issues, steroid use, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol, and tobacco use. The greatest risks are those that cannot be changed like gender, age, race, and family history.

1. Signs and Symptoms
& Risk factors

2. Learning outcomes
 Identify the symptoms that occur with osteoporosis.
 Discuss signs and symptoms and relate them to the
disease.
 Identify the main risk factors related to the disease.
 Discuss and relate sub risk factors that may cause
osteoporosis.
 Identify the lifestyle choices that lead to osteoporosis.

3. Introduction
 In the early stages of osteoporosis, you probably won't
have symptoms. As the disease progresses, you may
have symptoms related to weakened bones, plus, there
are some important risk factors which are going to be
discussed.

4. Signs & Symptoms of
Osteoporosis

5. Signs & Symptoms of
osteoporosis
 Back pain.
 Loss of height and stooped posture.

6. Signs & Symptoms of osteoporosis(cont.)
 A curved upper back (dowager's
hump).
 Broken bones (fractures) that might
occur with a minor injury, especially
in the hip, spine , and wrist.

7. Signs & Symptoms of osteoporosis(cont.)
 Compression fractures in the spine
that may cause severe back pain. But
sometimes these fractures cause only
minor symptoms or no symptoms at
all.

8. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis

9. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Your gender. Females are much more
likely to develop osteoporosis than are
males.
 Age. The older you get, the greater
your risk of osteoporosis.
 Race. You're at greatest risk of
osteoporosis if you're white or of Asian
descent.
Unchangeable risks

10. Risk factors of Osteoporosis
A number of factors can increase the likelihood that you'll develop
osteoporosis — including your age, race, lifestyle choices, and medical
conditions and treatments.
Unchangeable
risks
Hormone
levels
Dietary factors
Steroids and
other
medications
Lifestyle
choices

11. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Family history. Having a parent or
sibling with osteoporosis puts you at
greater risk, especially if your mother
or father experienced a hip fracture.
Unchangeable risks

12. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Body frame size. Men and women
who have small body frames tend to
have a higher risk because they may
have less bone mass to draw from as
they age.
Unchangeable risks

13. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Thyroid problems. Too much
thyroid hormone can cause bone loss.
This can occur if your thyroid is
overactive or if you take too much
thyroid hormone medication to treat
an underactive thyroid
 Other glands. Osteoporosis has also
been associated with overactive
parathyroid and adrenal glands.
Hormone levels
Osteoporosis is more common in people who have too much or too little
of certain hormones in their bodies. Examples include:

14. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Low calcium intake. A lifelong lack
of calcium plays a major role in the
development of osteoporosis. Low
calcium intake contributes to
diminished bone density, early bone
loss and an increased risk of fractures.
Dietary factors
Osteoporosis is more likely to occur in people who have:

15. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Eating disorders. People who have
anorexia are at higher risk of
osteoporosis. Low food intake can
reduce the number of calories and
amount of protein and calcium
ingested. In women, anorexia can stop
menstruation, leading to weaker
bones.
Dietary factors
Osteoporosis is more likely to occur in people who have:

16. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Gastrointestinal surgery. A
reduction in the size of your stomach
or a bypass or removal of part of the
intestine limits the amount of surface
area available to absorb nutrients,
including calcium.
Dietary factors
Osteoporosis is more likely to occur in people who have:

17. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Seizures
 Gastric reflux
 Cancer
 Transplant rejection
Steroids and other medications
Long-term use of oral or injected corticosteroid medications, such as
prednisone and cortisone, interferes with the bone-rebuilding process.
Osteoporosis has also been associated with medications used to combat
or prevent:

18. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Sedentary lifestyle. People who
spend a lot of time sitting have a
higher risk of osteoporosis than do
those who are more active. Any
weight-bearing exercise and activities
that promote balance and good
posture are beneficial for your bones,
but walking, running, jumping,
dancing and weightlifting seem
particularly helpful.
Lifestyle choices
Some bad habits can increase your risk of osteoporosis. Examples include:

19. Risk Factors of Osteoporosis (cont.)
 Excessive alcohol consumption.
Regular consumption of more than
two alcoholic drinks a day increases
your risk of osteoporosis.
 Tobacco use. The exact role tobacco
plays in osteoporosis isn't clearly
understood, but it has been shown
that tobacco use contributes to weak
bones.
Lifestyle choices

20. End